메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 67-86

Access to data and material for research: Putting empirical evidence into perspective

Author keywords

Open science; Research data; Research material; Secrecy; Witholding

Indexed keywords

ACCESS TO INFORMATION; BIBLIOMETRICS; BIOMEDICINE; BIOTECHNOLOGY; EMPIRICAL RESEARCH; HEALTH SURVEY; MISCONDUCT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROFESSIONAL SECRECY; REVIEW; SCIENCE; SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 61649121530     PISSN: 14636778     EISSN: 14699915     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14636770802670274     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (7)

References (92)
  • 1
    • 0034601471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospect of data sharing gives brain mappers a headache
    • Aldhous, P., 2000. Prospect of data sharing gives brain mappers a headache. Nature, 406, 445-446.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 445-446
    • Aldhous, P.1
  • 2
    • 0035913364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making sure that the world's paleodata do not get buried
    • Alverson, K. and Eakin, C., 2001. Making sure that the world's paleodata do not get buried. Nature, 412, 269.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.412 , pp. 269
    • Alverson, K.1    Eakin, C.2
  • 3
    • 21344485930 scopus 로고
    • Disciplinary and departmental effects on observation of faculty and graduate student misconduct
    • Anderson, M., Seashore, K., and Earle, J., 1994. Disciplinary and departmental effects on observation of faculty and graduate student misconduct. Journal of Higher Education, 65, 331-350.
    • (1994) Journal of Higher Education , vol.65 , pp. 331-350
    • Anderson, M.1    Seashore, K.2    Earle, J.3
  • 4
    • 61649101853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Privatising our genes?
    • online, Available from:, Accessed 6 January 2009
    • Ashburner, M., 2001. Privatising our genes? Open Democracy [online]. Available from: http://www.opendemocracy.net/content/articles/PDF/407. pdf [Accessed 6 January 2009].
    • (2001) Open Democracy
    • Ashburner, M.1
  • 6
    • 0023651231 scopus 로고
    • Meeting on AIDS drugs turns into open forum
    • Barnes, D., 1987. Meeting on AIDS drugs turns into open forum. Science, 237, 1287-1288.
    • (1987) Science , vol.237 , pp. 1287-1288
    • Barnes, D.1
  • 7
    • 0035374711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sharing of cDNA microarray data
    • Becker, K., 2001. The sharing of cDNA microarray data. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2, 438-440.
    • (2001) Nature Reviews Neuroscience , vol.2 , pp. 438-440
    • Becker, K.1
  • 8
    • 0030000823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Participation of life-science faculty in research relationships with industry
    • Blumenthal, D., et al., 1996. Participation of life-science faculty in research relationships with industry. New England Journal of Medicine, 335, 1734-1739.
    • (1996) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.335 , pp. 1734-1739
    • Blumenthal, D.1
  • 9
    • 0030903440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Withholding research results in academic life sciences
    • Blumenthal, D., et al., 1997. Withholding research results in academic life sciences. Journal of the American Medical Association, 277, 1224-1228.
    • (1997) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.277 , pp. 1224-1228
    • Blumenthal, D.1
  • 10
    • 33645809354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data witholding in genetics and the other life sciences: Prevalences and predictors
    • Blumenthal, D., et al., 2006. Data witholding in genetics and the other life sciences: prevalences and predictors. Academic Medicine, 81, 137-145.
    • (2006) Academic Medicine , vol.81 , pp. 137-145
    • Blumenthal, D.1
  • 11
    • 84925976961 scopus 로고
    • Secrecy and openness in science: Ethical considerations
    • Bok, S., 1982. Secrecy and openness in science: ethical considerations. Science, Technology & Human Values, 7, 32-41.
    • (1982) Science, Technology & Human Values , vol.7 , pp. 32-41
    • Bok, S.1
  • 12
    • 0024980049 scopus 로고
    • AIDS researchers upset by refusal to share probes on mysterious microbe
    • Booth, W., 1989. AIDS researchers upset by refusal to share probes on mysterious microbe. Science, 244, 416.
    • (1989) Science , vol.244 , pp. 416
    • Booth, W.1
  • 13
    • 2342561869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data-sharing and data-withholding in genetics and the life sciences: Results of a national survey of technology transfer officers
    • Campbell, E. and Bendavid, E., 2003. Data-sharing and data-withholding in genetics and the life sciences: results of a national survey of technology transfer officers. Journal of Health Care Law and Policy, 6, 241-255.
    • (2003) Journal of Health Care Law and Policy , vol.6 , pp. 241-255
    • Campbell, E.1    Bendavid, E.2
  • 14
    • 0000470539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data withholding in academic medicine: Characteristics of faculty denied access to research results and biomaterials
    • Campbell, E., et al., 2000. Data withholding in academic medicine: characteristics of faculty denied access to research results and biomaterials. Research Policy, 29, 303-312.
    • (2000) Research Policy , vol.29 , pp. 303-312
    • Campbell, E.1
  • 15
    • 0037160567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data withholding in academic genetics: Evidence from a national survey
    • Campbell, E., et al., 2002. Data withholding in academic genetics: evidence from a national survey. Journal of the American Medical Association, 287, 473-480.
    • (2002) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.287 , pp. 473-480
    • Campbell, E.1
  • 16
    • 0035070629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Send me all of your reagents and ideas: We want to work on the same experiments
    • Caveman, 2001. Send me all of your reagents and ideas: we want to work on the same experiments. Journal of Cell Science, 114, 1037-1038.
    • (2001) Journal of Cell Science , vol.114 , pp. 1037-1038
    • Caveman1
  • 17
    • 84928505003 scopus 로고
    • Scientists' attitudes toward data sharing
    • Ceci, S., 1988. Scientists' attitudes toward data sharing. Science, Technology & Human Values, 13, 45-52.
    • (1988) Science, Technology & Human Values , vol.13 , pp. 45-52
    • Ceci, S.1
  • 18
    • 0007467224 scopus 로고
    • Private archives and public needs
    • Ceci, S. and Walker, E., 1983. Private archives and public needs. American Psychologist, 38, 414-423.
    • (1983) American Psychologist , vol.38 , pp. 414-423
    • Ceci, S.1    Walker, E.2
  • 19
    • 84972708693 scopus 로고
    • Overview: AAAS project on secrecy and openness in science and technology
    • Chalk, R., 1985. Overview: AAAS project on secrecy and openness in science and technology. Science, Technology & Human Values, 10, 28-35.
    • (1985) Science, Technology & Human Values , vol.10 , pp. 28-35
    • Chalk, R.1
  • 20
    • 0034710647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Databasing the brain
    • Chicurel, M., 2000. Databasing the brain. Nature, 406, 822-825.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 822-825
    • Chicurel, M.1
  • 21
    • 0037320920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of patents and licenses on the provision of clinical genetic testing services
    • Cho, M., et al., 2003. Effects of patents and licenses on the provision of clinical genetic testing services. Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, 5, 3-8.
    • (2003) Journal of Molecular Diagnostics , vol.5 , pp. 3-8
    • Cho, M.1
  • 22
    • 0029650839 scopus 로고
    • Share and share alike isn't always the rule in science
    • Cohen, J., 1995. Share and share alike isn't always the rule in science. Science, 268, 1715-1718.
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 1715-1718
    • Cohen, J.1
  • 23
    • 0035854420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intellectual property: Patents, secrecy, and DNA
    • Cook-Deegan, R. and McCormack, S., 2001. Intellectual property: patents, secrecy, and DNA. Science, 293, 217.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 217
    • Cook-Deegan, R.1    McCormack, S.2
  • 24
    • 21144480947 scopus 로고
    • Toward empirical studies on university ethics: A new role for institutional research
    • Counelis, J., 1993. Toward empirical studies on university ethics: a new role for institutional research. Journal of Higher Education, 64, 74-92.
    • (1993) Journal of Higher Education , vol.64 , pp. 74-92
    • Counelis, J.1
  • 25
    • 0034594980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Young, worldly and unhelpful all miss out on data sharing
    • Dalton, R., 2000. Young, worldly and unhelpful all miss out on data sharing. Nature, 404, 6.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , pp. 6
    • Dalton, R.1
  • 26
    • 43949159014 scopus 로고
    • Toward a new economics of science
    • Dasgupta, P. and David, P., 1994. Toward a new economics of science. Research Policy, 23, 487-521.
    • (1994) Research Policy , vol.23 , pp. 487-521
    • Dasgupta, P.1    David, P.2
  • 27
    • 0035936123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific data must be made available to all
    • Dittert, N., Diepenbroek, M., and Grobe, H., 2001. Scientific data must be made available to all. Nature, 414, 393.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , pp. 393
    • Dittert, N.1    Diepenbroek, M.2    Grobe, H.3
  • 28
    • 0030894813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioequivalence of generic and brand-name levothyroxine products in the treatment of hypothyroidism
    • Dong, B., et al., 1997. Bioequivalence of generic and brand-name levothyroxine products in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Journal of the American Medical Association, 277, 1205-1213.
    • (1997) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.277 , pp. 1205-1213
    • Dong, B.1
  • 29
    • 0242351081 scopus 로고
    • Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press
    • Drake, S., 1970. Galileo studies. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
    • (1970) Galileo studies
    • Drake, S.1
  • 30
    • 0037436107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patent swords and shields. Science, 299, 1018-1019
    • Eisenberg, R., 2003. Patent swords and shields. Science, 299, 1018-1019.
    • (2003)
    • Eisenberg, R.1
  • 31
    • 0348003043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping context and content: The BarinMap model
    • Fox, P. and Lancaster, J., 2002. Mapping context and content: the BarinMap model. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 319.
    • (2002) Nature Reviews Neuroscience , vol.3 , pp. 319
    • Fox, P.1    Lancaster, J.2
  • 32
    • 12444315058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards effective and rewarding data sharing
    • Gardner, D., et al., 2003. Towards effective and rewarding data sharing. Neuroinformatics, 1, 289-295.
    • (2003) Neuroinformatics , vol.1 , pp. 289-295
    • Gardner, D.1
  • 33
    • 0035377403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sharing gene expression data: An array of options
    • Geschwind, D., 2001. Sharing gene expression data: an array of options. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2, 435-438.
    • (2001) Nature Reviews Neuroscience , vol.2 , pp. 435-438
    • Geschwind, D.1
  • 34
  • 35
    • 1842815682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring secrecy: A cost of the patent system revealed
    • Grushcow, J., 2004. Measuring secrecy: a cost of the patent system revealed. Journal of Legal Studies, 33, 59-84.
    • (2004) Journal of Legal Studies , vol.33 , pp. 59-84
    • Grushcow, J.1
  • 38
    • 0023909175 scopus 로고
    • Justifications for the sharing of social science data
    • Hedrik, T., 1988. Justifications for the sharing of social science data. Law and Human Behavior, 12, 163-171.
    • (1988) Law and Human Behavior , vol.12 , pp. 163-171
    • Hedrik, T.1
  • 39
    • 0032076909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can patents deter innovation? The anticommons in biomedical research
    • Heller, R. and Eisenberg, R., 1998. Can patents deter innovation? The anticommons in biomedical research. Science, 280, 698-701.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 698-701
    • Heller, R.1    Eisenberg, R.2
  • 40
    • 33750262580 scopus 로고
    • Openness and secrecy in science: Their origins and limitations
    • Hull, D., 1985. Openness and secrecy in science: their origins and limitations. Science, Technology & Human Values, 10, 4-13.
    • (1985) Science, Technology & Human Values , vol.10 , pp. 4-13
    • Hull, D.1
  • 41
    • 61649113073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data-sharing in an information age
    • Insel, T., et al., 2003. Data-sharing in an information age. Public Library of Science Biology, 1, 9-11.
    • (2003) Public Library of Science Biology , vol.1 , pp. 9-11
    • Insel, T.1
  • 42
    • 0003146502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bitter pill: How a drug company paid for university study, then undermined it
    • 25 April, pp
    • King, R., 1996. Bitter pill: how a drug company paid for university study, then undermined it. Wall Street Journal, 25 April, pp. A1, A6.
    • (1996) Wall Street Journal
    • King, R.1
  • 43
    • 0034047840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten commandments: Lessons from the enzymology of DNA replication
    • Kornberg, A., 2000. Ten commandments: lessons from the enzymology of DNA replication. Journal of Bacteriology, 182, 3613-3618.
    • (2000) Journal of Bacteriology , vol.182 , pp. 3613-3618
    • Kornberg, A.1
  • 44
    • 0642346948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten commandments of enzymology, amended
    • Kornberg, A., 2003. Ten commandments of enzymology, amended. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 28, 515-517.
    • (2003) Trends in Biochemical Sciences , vol.28 , pp. 515-517
    • Kornberg, A.1
  • 45
    • 0033860985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should the neuroscience community make a paradigm shift to sharing primary data?
    • Koslow, S., 2000. Should the neuroscience community make a paradigm shift to sharing primary data? Nature Neuroscience, 3, 863-865.
    • (2000) Nature Neuroscience , vol.3 , pp. 863-865
    • Koslow, S.1
  • 46
    • 0036546074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sharing primary data: A threat or asset to discovery?
    • Koslow, S., 2002. Sharing primary data: a threat or asset to discovery? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 311-313.
    • (2002) Nature Reviews Neuroscience , vol.3 , pp. 311-313
    • Koslow, S.1
  • 49
    • 21844510736 scopus 로고
    • Academic misconduct and values: The department's influence
    • Louis, K., Anderson, M., and Rosenberg, L., 1995. Academic misconduct and values: the department's influence. Review of Higher Education, 18, 393-422.
    • (1995) Review of Higher Education , vol.18 , pp. 393-422
    • Louis, K.1    Anderson, M.2    Rosenberg, L.3
  • 50
    • 0034621863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biologists challenge sequencers on parasite genome publication
    • Macilwain, C., 2000. Biologists challenge sequencers on parasite genome publication. Nature, 405, 601-602.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 601-602
    • Macilwain, C.1
  • 51
    • 0037083705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA sequencer protests being scooped with his own data
    • Marshall, E., 2002a. DNA sequencer protests being scooped with his own data. Science, 295, 1206-1207.
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 1206-1207
    • Marshall, E.1
  • 52
    • 0036500656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clear-cut publication rules prove elusive
    • Marshall, E., 2002b. Clear-cut publication rules prove elusive. Science, 295, 1625.
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 1625
    • Marshall, E.1
  • 53
    • 84965484174 scopus 로고
    • Communication, competition, and secrecy: The production and dissemination of research-related information in genetics
    • McCain, K., 1991. Communication, competition, and secrecy: the production and dissemination of research-related information in genetics. Science, Technology & Human Values, 16, 491-516.
    • (1991) Science, Technology & Human Values , vol.16 , pp. 491-516
    • McCain, K.1
  • 54
    • 84970767641 scopus 로고
    • Mandating sharing: Journal policies in the natural sciences
    • McCain, K., 1995. Mandating sharing: journal policies in the natural sciences. Science Communication, 16, 403-431.
    • (1995) Science Communication , vol.16 , pp. 403-431
    • McCain, K.1
  • 55
    • 49249096015 scopus 로고
    • Openness and secrecy in science: Some notes on early history
    • McMullin, E., 1985. Openness and secrecy in science: some notes on early history. Science, Technology & Human Values, 10, 14-23.
    • (1985) Science, Technology & Human Values , vol.10 , pp. 14-23
    • McMullin, E.1
  • 56
    • 0000445325 scopus 로고
    • Science and technology in a democratic order
    • Merton, R., 1942. Science and technology in a democratic order. Journal of Legal and Political Science, 1, 115-126.
    • (1942) Journal of Legal and Political Science , vol.1 , pp. 115-126
    • Merton, R.1
  • 57
    • 0035380762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microarrays in brain research: The good, the bad and the ugly
    • Mirnics, K., 2001. Microarrays in brain research: the good, the bad and the ugly. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2, 444-447.
    • (2001) Nature Reviews Neuroscience , vol.2 , pp. 444-447
    • Mirnics, K.1
  • 59
    • 61649090967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murray, F. and Stern, S., 2005. Do formal intellectual property rights hinder the free flow of scientific knowledge? An empirical test of the anti-commons hypothesis. NBER Working Paper Series 11465.
    • Murray, F. and Stern, S., 2005. Do formal intellectual property rights hinder the free flow of scientific knowledge? An empirical test of the anti-commons hypothesis. NBER Working Paper Series 11465.
  • 61
    • 85046386769 scopus 로고
    • The Commonwealth of science
    • Nature, 1941. The Commonwealth of science. Nature, 148, 393.
    • (1941) Nature , vol.148 , pp. 393
    • Nature1
  • 62
    • 17744400713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Make the most of paleodata
    • Nature, 2001. Make the most of paleodata. Nature, 411, 1.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 1
    • Nature1
  • 63
    • 0033860984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nature Neuroscience, 2000. A debate over fMRI data sharing. Nature Neuroscience, 3, 845-846.
    • Nature Neuroscience, 2000. A debate over fMRI data sharing. Nature Neuroscience, 3, 845-846.
  • 64
    • 0037223398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nature Neuroscience, 2003. Neuroscience in the post-genome era. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 1.
    • Nature Neuroscience, 2003. Neuroscience in the post-genome era. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 1.
  • 65
    • 0020482078 scopus 로고
    • Intellectual property: The control of scientific information
    • Nelkin, D., 1982. Intellectual property: the control of scientific information. Science, 216, 704-708.
    • (1982) Science , vol.216 , pp. 704-708
    • Nelkin, D.1
  • 66
    • 1842527687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The market economy and the scientific commons
    • Nelson, R., 2004. The market economy and the scientific commons. Research Policy, 33, 455-471.
    • (2004) Research Policy , vol.33 , pp. 455-471
    • Nelson, R.1
  • 67
    • 61649107995 scopus 로고
    • Commercial biotechnology: An international analysis [online]. Washington
    • Office of Technology Assessment, Accessed 6 January 2009
    • Office of Technology Assessment, 1984. Commercial biotechnology: an international analysis [online]. Washington, DC: US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-BA-218. Available from: http://www.princeton.edu/ ~ota/disk3/1984/8407-n.html [Accessed 6 January 2009].
    • (1984) DC: US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-BA-218. Available from
  • 68
    • 0037030631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The times they are a-changin
    • Patrinos, A. and Drell, D., 2002. The times they are a-changin'. Nature, 417, 589-590.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.417 , pp. 589-590
    • Patrinos, A.1    Drell, D.2
  • 69
    • 0002846277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulating scientific research: Intellectual property rights and the norms of science
    • Rai, A., 1999. Regulating scientific research: intellectual property rights and the norms of science. Northwestern University Law Review, 94, 77-152.
    • (1999) Northwestern University Law Review , vol.94 , pp. 77-152
    • Rai, A.1
  • 71
    • 0002522579 scopus 로고
    • Glass works: Newton's prism and the uses of experiment
    • D. Gooding, T. Pinch and S. Schaffer, eds, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Schaffer, S., 1989. Glass works: Newton's prism and the uses of experiment. D. Gooding, T. Pinch and S. Schaffer, eds. The uses of experiment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 67-104.
    • (1989) The uses of experiment , pp. 67-104
    • Schaffer, S.1
  • 72
    • 61649107283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science, 1959. Views on secrecy by American Nobel prize-winners. Science, 130, 85-86.
    • Science, 1959. Views on secrecy by American Nobel prize-winners. Science, 130, 85-86.
  • 73
    • 0031856038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secrecy in science: The flock worker's lung investigation
    • Shuchman, M., 1998. Secrecy in science: the flock worker's lung investigation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 129, 341-344.
    • (1998) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.129 , pp. 341-344
    • Shuchman, M.1
  • 74
    • 0023894478 scopus 로고
    • Data sharing: The primary researcher's perspective
    • Stanley, B. and Stanley, M., 1988. Data sharing: the primary researcher's perspective. Law and Human Behavior, 12, 173-180.
    • (1988) Law and Human Behavior , vol.12 , pp. 173-180
    • Stanley, B.1    Stanley, M.2
  • 77
    • 85050788052 scopus 로고
    • Ethical problems in academic research
    • Swazey, J., Anderson, M., and Louis, K., 1993. Ethical problems in academic research. American Scientist, 81, 542-553.
    • (1993) American Scientist , vol.81 , pp. 542-553
    • Swazey, J.1    Anderson, M.2    Louis, K.3
  • 78
    • 34147108266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research sharing, ethics and public benefit
    • Taylor, P., 2007. Research sharing, ethics and public benefit. Nature Biotechnology, 25, 398-401.
    • (2007) Nature Biotechnology , vol.25 , pp. 398-401
    • Taylor, P.1
  • 79
    • 2442704456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To give or not to give? That is the question
    • Theologis, A. and Davis, R., 2004. To give or not to give? That is the question. Plant Physiology, 135, 4-9.
    • (2004) Plant Physiology , vol.135 , pp. 4-9
    • Theologis, A.1    Davis, R.2
  • 80
    • 0036551330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimage databases: The good, the bad and the ugly
    • Toga, A., 2002. Neuroimage databases: the good, the bad and the ugly. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 302-309.
    • (2002) Nature Reviews Neuroscience , vol.3 , pp. 302-309
    • Toga, A.1
  • 81
    • 61649089860 scopus 로고
    • Galileo and the telescope
    • P. Galluzzi, ed, Florence: Giunti
    • Van Helden, A., 1984. Galileo and the telescope. P. Galluzzi, ed. Novità celesti e crisi del sapere. Florence: Giunti, 149-158.
    • (1984) Novità celesti e crisi del sapere , pp. 149-158
    • Van Helden, A.1
  • 82
    • 0036548785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Databasing fMRI studies: Towards a "discovery science" of brain function
    • Van Horn, J. and Gazzaniga, M., 2002. Databasing fMRI studies: towards a "discovery science" of brain function. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 314-318.
    • (2002) Nature Reviews Neuroscience , vol.3 , pp. 314-318
    • Van Horn, J.1    Gazzaniga, M.2
  • 83
    • 2142652099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sharing neuroimaging studies of human cognition
    • Van Horn, J., et al., 2004. Sharing neuroimaging studies of human cognition. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 473-481.
    • (2004) Nature Neuroscience , vol.7 , pp. 473-481
    • Van Horn, J.1
  • 84
    • 33645099026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data withholding and the next generation of scientists: Results of a national survey
    • Vogeli, C., et al., 2006. Data withholding and the next generation of scientists: results of a national survey. Academic Medicine, 81, 128-136.
    • (2006) Academic Medicine , vol.81 , pp. 128-136
    • Vogeli, C.1
  • 85
    • 0009652195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientist's plan: Map all DNA within 3 years
    • 10 May, p
    • Wade, N., 1998. Scientist's plan: map all DNA within 3 years. New York Times, 10 May, p. A1.
    • (1998) New York Times
    • Wade, N.1
  • 86
    • 25444510682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • View from the bench: Patents and material transfer
    • Walsh, J., Cho, C., and Cohen, W., 2005. View from the bench: patents and material transfer. Science, 309, 2002-2003.
    • (2005) Science , vol.309 , pp. 2002-2003
    • Walsh, J.1    Cho, C.2    Cohen, W.3
  • 87
    • 0037464580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secrecy is increasing in step with competition
    • Walsh, P. and Hong, W., 2003. Secrecy is increasing in step with competition. Nature, 422, 801-802.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.422 , pp. 801-802
    • Walsh, P.1    Hong, W.2
  • 89
    • 61649127904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weinberg, R., 1993. Reflections on the current state of data and reagent exchange among biomedical researchers. In: Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, eds. National academies, responsible science: ensuring the integrity of the research process. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 66-78.
    • Weinberg, R., 1993. Reflections on the current state of data and reagent exchange among biomedical researchers. In: Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, eds. National academies, responsible science: ensuring the integrity of the research process. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 66-78.
  • 91
    • 0001555648 scopus 로고
    • Representing the Heavens: Galileo and visual astronomy
    • Winkler, M. and van Helden, A., 1992. Representing the Heavens: Galileo and visual astronomy. Isis, 83, 214-216.
    • (1992) Isis , vol.83 , pp. 214-216
    • Winkler, M.1    van Helden, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.