Accounting for variation in distrust of local police

Justice Quarterly

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 157-182

  Sharp, Elaine B ^a,b,c   Johnson, Paul E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

^b University Press of Kansas   (United States)

^c State University of New York   (Australia)

Author keywords

Distrust; Local police; Variation

Indexed keywords

EID: 61449243936     PISSN: 07418825     EISSN: 17459109     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07418820802290496     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Apple, N., & O'Brien, D. J. (1983). Neighborhood racial composition and residents' evaluation of police performance. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 11, 76-84.
2. Bates, D. M. (2005). Fitting linear mixed models in R. R News, 5, 27-30.
3. Bates, D. M. (2007). Linear mixed model implementation in LME4. Retrieved October 22, 2007, from http://cran.r-project.org/doc/vignettes/lme4/ Implementation.pdf.
4. Brandl, S. G., Frank, J., Worden, R. E., & Bynum, T. S. (1994). Global and specific attitudes toward the police. Justice Quarterly, 11, 119-134.
5. Brown, B., & Benedict, W. R. (2002). Perceptions of the police: past findings, methodological issues, conceptual issues and policy implications. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25, 543-580.
6. Carr, P. J., Napolitano, L., & Keating, J. (2007). We never call the cops and here is why: A qualitative examination of legal cynicism in three Philadelphia Neighborhoods. Criminology, 45, 445-480.
7. Chermak, S., McGarrell, E. F., & Weiss, A. (2001). Citizens' perceptions of aggressive traffic enforcement strategies. Justice Quarterly, 18, 365-91.
8. Citrin, J., & Muste, C. (1999). Trust in Government. In J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver, & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds), Measures of political attitudes (pp. 465-533). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
9. Cullen, F. T., Cao, L., Frank, J., Langworthy, R. H., Browning, S. L., Kopache, R. and Stevenson, T. J. (1996). "Stop or I'll Shoot': racial differences in support for police use of deadly force. American Behavioral Scientist, 39, 449-460.
10. Fagan, J., & Davies, G. (2000). Street stops and broken windows: Terry, race, and disorder in New York City. Fordham Urban Law Journal, 28, 457-504.
11. Frank, J., Brandl, S., Cullen, F. T., & Stichman, A. (1996). Reassessing the impact of race on citizens' attitudes toward the police. Justice Quarterly, 13, 321-334.
12. Garland, D. (2001). The culture of control: Crime and social order in contemporary society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
13. Gelman, A. & Hill, J. (2007). Data analysis using regression and Multilevel/hierarchical Models. New York: Cambridge University Press.
14. Honaker, J., King, G., & Blackwell, M. (2007). Amelia II: a program for missing data. Retrieved October 18, 2007, from http://gking.harvard.edu/ amelia.
15. Horton, N. J., & Kleinman, K. P. (2007). Much ado about nothing: a comparison of missing data methods and software to fit incomplete data regression models. The American Statistician, 61, 79-90.
16. Howell, S. E., & Perry, H. L. (2004). Black mayors/White mayors: explaining their approval. Public Opinion Quarterly, 68, 32-56.
17. Human Rights Watch. (1998). Shielded from justice. New York: Human Rights Watch. Retrieved December 19, 2008, from http://www.hrw.org/reports98/ police
18. Jackson, P. I., & Carroll, L. (1981). Race and the war on crime: the sociopolitical determinants of municipal expenditures in 90 non-southern US cities. American Sociological Review 46 (June), 290-305.
19. Jackson, P. I. (1989). Minority group threat, crime, and policing. New York: Praeger.
20. Jacobs, D. (1979). Inequality and police strength: conflict theory and coercive control in metropolitan areas. American Sociological Review, 44, 913-925.
21. Kane, R. J. (2005). Compromised police legitimacy as a predictor of violent crime in structurally disadvantaged communities. Criminology, 43, 469-498.
22. King, G., Honaker, J., Joseph, A., & Scheve, K. (2001). Analyzing incomplete political science data: an alternative algorithm for multiple imputation. American Political Science Review, 95, 49-69.
23. Kusow, A. M., Wilson, L. C., & Martin, D. E. (1997). Determinants of citizen satisfaction with the police: the effects of residential location. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategy & Management, 20, 655-664.
24. Lasley, J. R. (1994). The impact of the Rodney King incident on citizen attitudes toward the police. Policing and Society, 3, 245-255.
25. Lumley, T. (2004). mitools: tools for multiple imputation of missing data. Retrieved December 19, 2008, from http://www.R-project.org
26. MacDonald, J., Stokes, R. J., Ridgeway, G., & Riley, K. J. (2007). Race, neighborhood context and perceptions of injustice by the police in Cincinnati. Urban Studies, 44, 2567-2585.
27. MacDonald, J., & Stokes, R. J. (2006). Race, social capital, and trust in the police. Urban Affairs Review, 41, 358-375.
28. Marschall, M., & Shah, P. R. (2007). The attitudinal effects of minority incorporation. Urban Affairs Review, 42, 629-658.
29. McCullagh, P., & Nelder, J. A. (1989). Generalized linear mixed models. Chapman & Hall/CRC.
30. National Research Council. (2004). Fairness and effectiveness in policing: the evidence. Committee to review research on police policy and practices, W. Skogan & K. Frydl (Eds), Committee on Law and Justice, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
31. Percy, S. L. (1980). Response time and citizen evaluation of police. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 8, 75-86.
32. Percy, S. L. (1986). In defense of citizen evaluations as performance measures. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 22, 66-83.
33. Pinheiro, J. C., & Bates, D. M. (2000). Mixed-effects models in S and S-Plus. New York: Springer.
34. R Development Core Team. (2008). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved December 19, 2008, from http://www.R-project.org.
35. Rahn, W. M., & Rudolph, T. J. (2005). A tale of political trust in American cities. Public Opinion Quarterly, 69, 530-560.
36. Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: applications and data analysis methods. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage.
37. Reisig, M. D., Bratton, J., & Gertz, M. G. (2007). The construct validity and refinement of process-based policing measures. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34, 1005-1028.
38. Reisig, M. D., & Giacomazzi, A. L. (1998). Citizen Perceptions of community policing: are attitudes toward police important? Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management. 21, 547-61.
39. Reisig, M. D., & Parks, R. B. (2000). Experience, quality of life, and neighborhood context: a hierarchical analysis of satisfaction with police. Justice Quarterly, 17, 608-629.
40. Rubin, D. B. (1976). Inference and missing data. Biometrika, 63, 581-590.
41. Rubin, D. B. (1987). Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. New York: Wiley.
42. Van Ryzin, G., Muzzio, D., & Immerwahr, S. (2004). Explaining the race gap in satisfaction with urban services. Urban Affairs Review, 39, 613-32.
43. Saltzstein, G. H. (1989). Black mayors and police policies. Journal of Politics, 51, 525-44.
44. Schafer, J. L. (1999). Multiple imputation: a primer. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 8, 3-15.
45. Sampson, R. J., & Bartusch, D. J. (1998). Legal cynicism and (subcultural?) tolerance of deviance: the neighborhood context of racial differences. Law & Society Review, 32, 777-804.
46. Sharp, E. B. (2006). Policing urban America: a new look at the politics of agency size. Social Science Quarterly, 87, 291-307
47. Skogan, W. G. (1978). Citizen satisfaction with police services: individual and contextual effects. Policy Studies Journal, Special Issue, 469-479.
48. Terrill, W., & Reisig, M. (2003). Neighborhood context and police use of force. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40, 291-321.
49. Thomas, C. W., & Hyman, J. M. (1977). Perceptions of crime, fear of victimization, and public perceptions of police performance. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 5, 305-317.
50. Tuch, S. A., & Weitzer, R. (1997). Trends: racial differences in attitudes toward the police. Public Opinion Quarterly, 61, 642-663.
51. Tyler, T. R., & Huo, Y. J. (2002). Trust in the law. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
52. Tyler, T. R., & Wakslak, C. J. (2004). Profiling and police legitimacy: procedural justice, attributions of motive, and acceptance of police authority. Criminology, 42, 253-81.
53. US Department of Justice. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2000). Law enforcement management and administrative statistics, 2000: Data for individual state and local agencies with 100 or more officers. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved December 19, 2008, from http://www.ojp.usdoj. gov/bjs/abstract/lemas00.htm
54. Walker, L. D., & Waterman, R. W. (2008). Elections as focusing events: explaining attitudes toward the police and the government in comparative perspective. Law & Society Review, 42, 337-365.
55. Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. A. (1999). Race, class, and perceptions of discrimination by the police. Crime and Delinquency, 45, 494-507.
56. Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. A. (2002). Perceptions of racial profiling: race, class, and personal experience. Criminology, 40, 436-456.
57. Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. A. (2005a). Determinants of public satisfaction with the police. Police Quarterly, 8, 279-297.
58. Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. A. (2005b). Racially biased policing: determinants of citizen perceptions. Social Forces, 83, 1009-1031.