Weaning from ventilatory support

Current Opinion in Critical Care

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 36-43

  Epstein, Scott K ^a  

^a TUFTS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Extubation; Mechanical ventilation; Reintubation; Respiratory failure; Weaning

Indexed keywords

AMINO TERMINAL PRO BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; CATECHOLAMINE;

ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE; ARTERIAL CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BREATHING; COMORBIDITY; DIAPHRAGM MUSCLE; EXTUBATION; HEART FAILURE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; MORTALITY; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE; NURSE; PATIENT SAFETY; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; RESPIRATORY THERAPIST; REVIEW; WEANING;

HUMANS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; VENTILATOR WEANING;

EID: 61449129687     PISSN: 10705295     EISSN: 15317072     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e3283220e07     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Epstein S. Complications in ventilator supported patients. In: Tobin M, editor. Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2006. pp. 877-902.
2. Esteban A, Anzueto A, Frutos F, et al. Characteristics and outcomes in adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a 28-day international study. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 287:345-355.
3. Boles JM, Bion J, Connors A, et al. Weaning from mechanical ventilation. Eur Respir J 2007; 29:1033-1056.
4. Esteban A, Alia I, Gordo F, et al. Extubation outcome after spontaneous breathing trials with T-tube or pressure support ventilation. The Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156:459-465.
5. Esteban A, Alia I, Tobin MJ, et al. Effect of spontaneous breathing trial duration on outcome of attempts to discontinue mechanical ventilation. Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159:512-518.
6. Vallverdu I, Cafaf N, Subirana M, et al. Clinical characteristics, respiratory functional parameters, and outcome of a two-hour T-piece trial in patients weaning from mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158:1855-1862.
7. Mion LC, Minnick AF, Leipzig R, et al. Patient-initiated device removal in intensive care units: a national prevalence study. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:2714-2720.
8. Ely EW, Baker AM, Evans GW, et al. The prognostic significance of passing a daily screen of weaning parameters. Intensive Care Med 1999; 25: 581-587.
9. Epstein SK. Weaning parameters. Respir Care Clin N Am 2000; 6: 253-301.
10. MacIntyre NR, Cook DJ, Ely EW Jr, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for weaning and discontinuing ventilatory support: a collective task force facilitated by the American College of Chest Physicians; the American Association for Respiratory Care; and the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 2001; 120:375S-395S.
11. Meade M, Guyatt G, Cook D, et al. Predicting success in weaning from mechanical ventilation. Chest 2001; 120:4003-4243.
12. EI-Khatib MF, Zeineldine SM, Jamaleddine GW. Effect of pressure support ventilation and positive end expiratory pressure on the rapid shallow breathing index in intensive care unit patients. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34:505-510.
13. Tobin MJ, Jubran A. Variable performance of weaning-predictor tests: role of Bayes' theorem and spectrum and test-referral bias. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32:2002-2012.
14. Tanios MA, Nevins ML, Hendra KP, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of the role of weaning predictors in clinical decision making. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:2530-2535.
15. Ely EW, Bennett PA, Bowton DL, et al. Large scale implementation of a respiratory therapist-driven protocol for ventilator weaning. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159:439-446.
16. Laghi F, Cattapan SE, Jubran A, et al. Is weaning failure caused by low-frequency fatigue of the diaphragm? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167:120-127.
17. Girard TD, Kress JP, Fuchs BD, et al. Efficacy and safety of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning protocol for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care (awakening and breathing controlled trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 371:126-134.
18. Zeggwagh AA, Abouqal R, Madani N, et al. Weaning from mechanical ventilation: a model for extubation. Intensive Care Med 1999; 25:1077-1083.
19. Farias JA, Retta A, Alia I, et al. A comparison of two methods to perform a breathing trial before extubation in pediatric intensive care patients. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27:1649-1654.
20. Jones DP, Byrne P, Morgan C, et al. Positive end-expiratory pressure vs. T-piece. Extubation after mechanical ventilation. Chest 1991; 100:1655-1659.
21. Brochard L, Harf A, Lorino H, et al. Inspiratory pressure support prevents diaphragmatic fatigue during weaning from mechanical ventilation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 139:513-521.
22. Haberthur C, Mols G, Elsasser S, et al. Extubation after breathing trials with automatic tube compensation, T-tube, or pressure support ventilation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2002; 46:973-979.
23. Cohen JD, Shapiro M, Grozovski E, et al. Extubation outcome following a spontaneous breathing trial with automatic tube compensation versus continuous positive airway pressure. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:682-686.
24. Ezingeard E, Diconne E, Guyomarc'h S, et al. Weaning from mechanical ventilation with pressure support in patients failing a T-tube trial of spontaneous breathing. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32:165-169.
25. Perren A, Domenighetti G, Mauri S, et al. Protocol-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation: clinical outcome in patients randomized for a 30-min or 120-min trial with pressure support ventilation. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28:1058-1063.
26. Vitacca M, Vianello A, Colombo D, et al. Comparison of two methods for weaning patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 15 days. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:225-230.
27. Vassilakopoulos T, Routsi C, Sotiropoulou C, et al. The combination of the load/force balance and the frequency/tidal volume can predict weaning outcome. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32:684-691.
28. DeHaven CB, Kirton OC, Morgan JP, et al. Breathing measurement reduces false-negative classification of tachypneic preextubation trial failures. Crit Care Med 1996; 24:976-980.
29. Girault C, Breton L, Richard JC, et al. Mechanical effects of airway humidification devices in difficult to wean patients. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:1306-1311.
30. Jubran A, Tobin MJ. Pathophysiologic basis of acute respiratory distress in patients who fail a trial of weaning from mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155:906-915.
31. Vassilakopoulos T, Zakynthinos S, Roussos C. The tension-time index and the frequency/tidal volume ratio are the major pathophysiologic determinants of weaning failure and success. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158:378-385.
32. Parthasarathy S, Jubran A, Laghi F, et al. Sternomastoid, rib cage, and expiratory muscle activity during weaning failure. J Appl Physiol 2007; 103:140-147.
33. Jubran A, Grant BJ, Laghi F, et al. Weaning prediction: esophageal pressure monitoring complements readiness testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:1252-1259.
34. De Jonghe B, Bastuji-Garin S, Sharshar T, et al. Does ICU-acquired paresis lengthen weaning from mechanical ventilation? Intensive Care Med 2004; 30:1117-1121.
35. Garnacho-Montero J, Amaya-Villar R, Garcia-Garmendia JL, et al. Effect of critical illness polyneuropathy on the withdrawal from mechanical ventilation and the length of stay in septic patients. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:349-354.
36. De Jonghe B, Bastuji-Garin S, Durand MC, et al. Respiratory weakness is associated with limb weakness and delayed weaning in critical illness. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:2007-2015.
37. Vassilakopoulos T, Petrof BJ. Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 169:336-341.
38. Datta D, Scalise P. Hypothyroidism and failure to wean in patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation at a regional weaning center. Chest 2004; 126:1307-1312.
39. Huang CJ, Lin HC. Association between adrenal insufficiency and ventilator weaning. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173:276-280.
40. Richard C, Teboul JL. Weaning failure from cardiovascular origin. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31:1605-1607.
41. Chatila W, Ani S, Guaglianone D, et al. Cardiac ischemia during weaning from mechanical ventilation. Chest 1996; 109:1577-1583.
42. Frazier SK, Brom H, Widener J, et al. Prevalence of myocardial ischemia during mechanical ventilation and weaning and its effects on weaning success. Heart Lung 2006; 35:363-373.
43. Hurford WE, Lynch KE, Strauss HW, et al. Myocardial perfusion as assessed by thallium-201 scintigraphy during the discontinuation of mechanical ventilation in ventilator-dependent patients. Anesthesiology 1991; 74:1007-1016.
44. Lemaire F, Teboul JL, Cinotti L, et al. Acute left ventricular dysfunction during unsuccessful weaning from mechanical ventilation. Anesthesiology 1988; 69:171-179.
45. Frazier SK, Stone KS, Moser D, et al. Hemodynamic changes during discontinuation of mechanical ventilation in medical intensive care unit patients. Am J Crit Care 2006; 15:580-593; quiz 594.
46. Jubran A, Mathru M, Dries D, et al. Continuous recordings of mixed venous oxygen saturation during weaning from mechanical ventilation and the ramifications thereof. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158:1763-1769.
47. Zakynthinos S, Routsi C, Vassilakopoulos T, et al. Differential cardiovascular responses during weaning failure: effects on tissue oxygenation and lactate. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31:1634-1642.
48. Mekontso-Dessap A, de Prost N, Girou E, et al. B-type natriuretic peptide and weaning from mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32:1529-1536.
49. Grasso S, Leone A, De Michele M, et al. Use of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide to detect acute cardiac dysfunction during weaning failure in difficult-to-wean patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:96-105.
50. Koksal GM, Sayilgan C, Sen O, et al. The effects of different weaning modes on the endocrine stress response. Crit Care 2004; 8:R31-R34.
51. Upadya A, Tilluckdharry L, Muralidharan V, et al. Fluid balance and weaning outcomes. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31:1643-1647.
52. Esteban A, Ferguson ND, Meade MO, et al. Evolution of mechanical ventilation in response to clinical research. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177:170-177.
53. Laghi F, D'Alfonso N, Tobin MJ. Pattern of recovery from diaphragmatic fatigue over 24 h. J Appl Physiol 1995; 79:539-546.
54. Caruso P, Denari SD, Ruiz SA, et al. Inspiratory muscle training is ineffective in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Clinics 2005; 60:479-484.
55. Brochard L, Rauss A, Benito S, et al. Comparison of three methods of gradual withdrawal from ventilatory support during weaning from mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 150:896-903.
56. Esteban A, Frutos F, Tobin MJ, et al. A comparison of four methods of weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative Group. N Engl J Med 1995; 332:345-350.
57. Imsand C, Feihl F, Perret C, et al. Regulation of inspiratory neuromuscular output during synchronized intermittent mechanical ventilation. Anesthesiology 1994; 80:13-22.
58. Leung P, Jubran A, Tobin MJ. Comparison of assisted ventilator modes on triggering, patient effort, and dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155:1940-1948.
59. Jounieaux V, Duran A, Levi-Valensi P. Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with and without pressure support ventilation in weaning patients with COPD from mechanical ventilation. Chest 1994; 105:1204-1210.
60. Matic I, Majeric-Kogler V. Comparison of pressure support and T-tube weaning from mechanical ventilation: randomized prospective study. Croat Med J 2004; 45:162-166.
61. Ferrer M, Esquinas A, Arancibia F, et al. Noninvasive ventilation during persistent weaning failure: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168:70-76.
62. Girault C, Daudenthun I, Chevron V, et al. Noninvasive ventilation as a systematic extubation and weaning technique in acute-on-chronic respiratory failure: a prospective, randomized controlled study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160:86-92.
63. Nava S, Ambrosino N, Clini E, et al. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in the weaning of patients with respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128:721-728.
64. Lellouche F, Mancebo J, Jolliet P, et al. A multicenter randomized trial of computer-driven protocolized weaning from mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174:894-900.
65. Rose L, Presneill JJ, Johnston L, et al. A randomised, controlled trial of conventional versus automated weaning from mechanical ventilation using SmartCaretrade mark/PS. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34:1788-1795.
66. Ely EW, Baker AM, Dunagan DP, et al. Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously. N Engl J Med 1996; 335:1864-1869.
67. Kollef MH, Shapiro SD, Silver P, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of protocol-directed versus physician-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med 1997; 25:567-574.
68. Marelich GP, Murin S, Battistella F, et al. Protocol weaning of mechanical ventilation in medical and surgical patients by respiratory care practitioners and nurses: effect on weaning time and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 2000; 118:459-467.
69. Krishnan JA, Moore D, Robeson C, et al. A prospective, controlled trial of a protocol-based strategy to discontinue mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 169:673-678.
70. Namen AM, Ely EW, Tatter SB, et al. Predictors of successful extubation in neurosurgical patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163:658-664.
71. Randolph AG, Wypij D, Venkataraman ST, et al. Effect of mechanical ventilator weaning protocols on respiratory outcomes in infants and children: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 288:2561-2568.
72. Brook AD, Ahrens TS, Schaiff R, et al. Effect of a nursing-implemented sedation protocol on the duration of mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med 1999; 27:2609-2615.
73. Arias-Rivera S, Sanchez-Sanchez Mdel M, Santos-Diaz R, et al. Effect of a nursing-implemented sedation protocol on weaning outcome. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:2054-2060.
74. Kress JP, Pohlman AS, O'Connor MF, et al. Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1471-1477.
75. Bucknall TK, Manias E, Presneill JJ. A randomized trial of protocol-directed sedation management for mechanical ventilation in an Australian intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:1444-1450.
76. Esteban A, Frutos-Vivar F, Ferguson ND, et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for respiratory failure after extubation. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:2452-2460.
77. Robriquet L, Georges H, Leroy O, et al. Predictors of extubation failure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Crit Care 2006; 21:185-190.
78. Vargas F, Boyer A, Bui HN, et al. Respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after extubation: value of expiratory flow limitation and airway occlusion pressure after one 0.1 second (P0.1). J Crit Care 2008; 23:577-584.
79. Epstein SK. Decision to extubate. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28:535-546.
80. Epstein SK, Ciubotaru RL. Independent effects of etiology of failure and time to reintubation on outcome for patients failing extubation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158:489-493.
81. Epstein SK, Ciubotaru RL, Wong JB. Effect of failed extubation on the outcome of mechanical ventilation. Chest 1997; 112:186-192.
82. Coplin WM, Pierson DJ, Cooley KD, et al. Implications of extubation delay in brain-injured patients meeting standard weaning criteria. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:1530-1536.
83. Pawson SR, DePriest JL Are blood gases necessary in mechanically ventilated patients who have successfully completed a spontaneous breathing trial? Respir Care 2004; 49:1316-1319.
84. Salam A, Smina M, Gada P, et al. The effect of arterial blood gas values on extubation decisions. Respir Care 2003; 48:1033-1037.
85. Frutos-Vivar F, Ferguson ND, Esteban A, et al. Risk factors for extubation failure in patients following a successful spontaneous breathing trial. Chest 2006; 130:1664-1671.
86. Kuo PH, Wu HD, Lu BY, et al. Predictive value of rapid shallow breathing index measured at initiation and termination of a 2-h spontaneous breathing trial for weaning outcome in ICU patients. J Formos Med Assoc 2006; 105:390-398.
87. Teixeira C, Zimermann Teixera PJ, Hohër JA, et al. Serial measurements of f/VT can predict extubation failure in patients with f/VT < or = 105? J Crit Care 2008; 23:572-576.
88. Martinez A, Seymour C, Nam M. Minute ventilation recovery time: a predictor of extubation outcome. Chest 2003; 123:1214-1221.
89. Epstein SK. Etiology of extubation failure and the predictive value of the rapid shallow breathing index. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:545-549.
90. Cheng KC, Hou CC, Huang HC, et al. Intravenous injection of methylprednisolone reduces the incidence of postextubation stridor in intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1345-1350.
91. Francois B, Bellissant E, Gissot V, et al. 12-h pretreatment with methylprednisolone versus placebo for prevention of postextubation laryngeal oedema: a randomised double-blind trial. Lancet 2007; 369:1083-1089.
92. Lee C-H, Peng M-J, Wu C-L Dexamethasone to prevent postextubation airway obstruction in adults: a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled study. Crit Care 2007; 11:R72.
93. Salam A, Tilluckdharry L, Amoateng-Adjepong Y, et al. Neurologic status, cough, secretions and extubation outcomes. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30:1334-1339.
94. Keenan SP, Powers C, McCormack DG, et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for postextubation respiratory distress: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 287:3238-3244.
95. Hubert G, Gruson D, Portel L, et al. Noninvasive pressure support ventilation in COPD patients with postextubation hypercapnic respiratory insufficiency. Eur Respir J 1998; 11:1349-1353.
96. Ferrer M, Valencia M, Nicolas JM, et al. Early non-invasive ventilation averts extubation failure in patients at risk, a randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173:164-170.
97. Nava SG, Gregoretti C, Fanfulla F, et al. Noninvasive ventilation to prevent respiratory failure after extubation in high-risk patients. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:2465-2470.
98. Scheinhorn DJ, Hassenpflug MS, Votto JJ, et al. Post-ICU mechanical ventilation at 23 long-term care hospitals: a multicenter outcomes study. Chest 2007; 131:85-93.
99. Scheinhorn DJ, Hassenpflug MS, Votto JJ, et al. Ventilator-dependent survivors of catastrophic illness transferred to 23 long-term care hospitals for weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation. Chest 2007; 131:76-84.
100. Nevins ML, Epstein SK. Weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation. Clin Chest Med 2001; 22:13-33.
101. Bigatello L, Stelfox T, Berra L, et al. Outcome of patients undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation after critical illness. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:2491-2497.
102. Purro A, Appendini L, De Gaetano A, et al. Physiologic determinants of ventilator dependence in long-term mechanically ventilated patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:1115-1123.
103. Scheinhorn DJ, Chao DC, Stearn-Hassenpflug M, et al. Outcomes in post-ICU mechanical ventilation: a therapist-implemented weaning protocol. Chest 2001; 119:236-242.