Girls in crisis: Newspaper coverage of adolescent girls

Journal of Communication Inquiry

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 6-27

  Mazzarella, Sharon R ^a   Pecora, Norma O ^b  

^a CLEMSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OHIO UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescent girls; Crisis discourse; Frame theory; Girl's studies; Journalism; Newspapers

Indexed keywords

EID: 61049109244     PISSN: 01968599     EISSN: 15524612     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0196859906294712     Document Type: Article

References (117)

1. Aapola, S., Harris, A., & Gonick, M. (2005). Young femininity: Girlhood, power and social change. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
2. Abowitz, K. K. (n.d.). Discourses on youth: Youth in crisis? Retrieved July 18, 2004, from http://www.nits.muohio.edu/edulead.ses/334/ 334_discourse_on_youth.html
3. American Association of University Women. (1991). Shortchanging girls, shortchanging America: A nationwide poll to assess self-esteem, educational experiences, interest in math and science, and career aspirations of girls and boys aged 9-15 (ED 340-657). Washington, DC: Author.
4. Ashley, L., & Olson, B. (1998). Constructing reality: Print media's framing of the women's movement, 1966 to 1986. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 75(2), 263-277.
5. Bentley, M. K. (1999). The body of evidence: Dangerous intersections between development and culture in the lives of adolescent girls. In S. R. Mazzarella & N. Pecora (Eds.), Growing up girls: Popular culture and the construction of identity (pp. 209-221). New York: Peter Lang.
6. Binder, A. (1993). Constructing racial rhetoric: Media depictions of harm in heavy metal and rap music. American Sociological Review, 58, 753-767.
7. Brecher, E. J. (1994, September 30). Crossing confidence gap poses high hurdle for girls. Miami Herald, p. F1. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
8. Britt, D. (1996, June 21). She's made a mark on me. The Washington Post, p. B01. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
9. Brody, J. E. (1997a, November 4). Personal health; Girls and puberty: The crisis years. New York Times, p. F9. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
10. Brody, J. E. (1997b, November 6). Girls face greater hurdles today. Arizona Republic, p. HL2. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
11. Brody, J. E. (1997c, November 9). Growing up is risky business for girls. Star Tribune, p. 5E. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from LexisNexis.
12. Bronston, B. (1997, April 28). Girls at risk: Body size is an obsession for adolescents with eating disorders. Times-Picayune, p. C1. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
13. Brooks, K., Schiraldi, V., & Ziedenberg, J. (2000). School house hype: Two years later. Washington, DC: Justice Policy Institute. Retrieved July 18, 2004, from http://www.prisonsucks.com/scans/jpi/shh2.pdf
14. Brown, L. M., & Gilligan, C. (1992). Meeting at the crossroads: Women's psychology and girls' development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
15. Brumberg, J. J. (1997). The body project: An intimate history of American girls. New York: Random House.
16. Carroll, N. (1994, April 27). The rocky road to a girl's adolescence. USA Today, p. 7D. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
17. Children Now. (2001). The local television news media's picture of children. Oakland, CA: Author.
18. Christian-Smith, L. K. (1988). Romancing the girl: Adolescent romance novels and the construction of femininity. In L. G. Roman, L. K. Christian-Smith, & E. Ellsworth (Eds.), Becoming feminine: The politics of popular culture (pp. 76-101). London: Falmer.
19. Christian-Smith, L. K. (1990). Becoming a woman through romance. New York: Routledge.
20. Currie, D. H. (1999). Girl talk: Adolescent magazines and their readers. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
21. de Beauvoir, S. (1949). The other sex. New York: Knopf.
22. Donohue, E., Schiraldi, V., & Ziedenberg, J. (1998). School house hype: The school shootings, and the real risks kids face in America. San Francisco: Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice. Retrieved July 18, 2004, from http://www.cjcj.org/pubs/shooting/shootings/html
23. Driscoll, C. (2002). Girls: Feminine adolescence in popular culture and cultural theory. New York: Columbia University Press.
24. Duffy, M., & Gotcher, J. M. (1996). Crucial advice on how to get the guy: The rhetorical vision of power and seduction in the teen magazine YM. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 20, 32-48.
25. Duke, L. L., & Kreshel, P. J. (1998). Negotiating femininity: Girls in early adolescence read teen magazines. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 22, 48-71.
26. Durham, M. G. (1998). Dilemmas of desire: Representations of adolescent sexuality in two teen magazines. Youth & Society, 29, 369-389.
27. Durham, M. G. (1999). Girls, media, and the negotiation of sexuality: A study of race, class, and gender in adolescent peer groups. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 76, 193-216.
28. Edwards, L. Y. (2005). Victims, villains, and vixens: Teen girls and Internet crime. In S. R. Mazzarella (Ed.), Girl wide web: Girls, the Internet, and the negotiation of identity (pp. 13-30). New York: Peter Lang.
29. Eicher, D. (1994, July 4). Perils of puberty girls "crash and burn" in adolescence. The Denver Post, p. E01. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
30. Erikson, E. (1963). Childhood and society. New York: W. W. Norton.
31. Evans, E. D., Rutberg, J., Sather, C., & Turner, C. (1991). Content analysis of contemporary teen magazines for adolescent females. Youth & Society, 23, 99-120.
32. Evans, S. (1994, May 3). Adolescent girls and the self-esteem gap. The Washington Post, p. Z7. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
33. Faludi, S. (1991). Backlash: The undeclared war against American women. New York: Anchor Books.
34. Gabrels, S. T. (1998, May 7). I am girl, hear me roar! Christian Science Monitor, p. 1. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
35. Gaines, D. (1994). Border crossing in the U.S.A. In. A. Ross & T. Rose (Eds.), Microphone fiends: Youth music & youth culture (pp. 227-234). New York: Routledge.
36. Gamson, W. A. (1988). The 1987 distinguished lecture: A constructionist approach to mass media and public opinion. Symbolic Interaction, 11(2), 161-174.
37. Gamson, W. A. (1989). News as framing: Comments on Graber. American Behavioral Scientist, 33(2), 157-161.
38. Gamson, W. A., Croteau, D., Hoynes, W., & Sasson, T. (1992). Media images and the social construction of reality. Annual Review of Sociology, 18, 373-393.
39. Gamson, W., & Lasch, K. (1983). The political culture of social welfare policy. In S. E. Spiro & E. Yuchtman-Yaar (Eds.), Evaluating the welfare state: Social and political perspectives (pp. 397-415). New York: Academic Press.
40. Gamson, W., & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power: A constructionist approach. American Journal of Sociology, 95, 1-37.
41. Gender gap narrows in good, bad ways. (1998, June 17). The Buffalo News, A1. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
42. Gilbert, S. (1996, June 26). Emotional ills tied to stunted growth in girls. New York Times, p. C9. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
43. Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
44. Gilligan, C. (2003). The birth of pleasure: A new map of love. New York: Vintage Books.
45. Gilligan, C., Lyons, N., & Hanmer, T. (Eds.). (1990). Making connections: The relational world of adolescent girls at the Emma Willard School. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
46. Gilligan, C., Rogers, A. G., & Tolman, D. L. (Eds.). (1991). Women, girls & psychotherapy: Reframing resistance. New York: Harrington Park Press.
47. Giroux, H. A. (1996). Fugitive cultures: Race, violence, and youth. New York: Routledge.
48. Giroux, H. A. (1998). Teenage sexuality, body politics, and the pedagogy of display. In J. S. Epstein (Ed.), Youth culture: Identity in a postmodern world (pp. 24-55). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
49. Giroux, H. A. (2000). Stealing innocence: Corporate culture's war on children. New York: Palgrave.
50. Gitlin, T. (1980). The whole world is watching. Berkeley: University of California Press.
51. Gonick, M. (2003). Between femininities: Ambivalence, identity and the education of girls. Albany: State University of New York Press.
52. Grossberg, L. (1994). The political status of youth and youth culture. In J. S. Epstein (Ed.), Adolescents and their music: If it's too loud, you're too old (pp. 25-46). New York: Garland.
53. Guillen, E. O., & Barr, S. I. (1994). Nutrition, dieting, and fitness messages in a magazine for adolescent women, 1970-1990. Journal of Adolescent Health, 15, 464-472.
54. Hall, S. (Ed.). (1997). Cultural representations and signifying practices. London: Open University Press.
55. Harris, A. (2004). All about the girl: Culture, power, and identity. London: Routledge.
56. Hartley, J. (1998). Juvenation: News, girls and power. In C. Carter, G. Branston, & S. Allan (Eds.), News, gender and power (pp. 47-70). London: Routledge.
57. Hebdige, D. (1979). Subculture: The meaning of style. London: Methuen.
58. Hendrickson, L. J. (1997, May). Media framing of the arts: The case of Dance Magazine. Paper presented to the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
59. Inness, S. A. (Ed.). (1998a). Delinquents & debutantes: Twentieth-century American girls' cultures. New York: New York University Press.
60. Inness, S. A. (Ed.). (1998b). Millennium girls: Today's girls around the world. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
61. Jackson, J. (1994). The "crisis" of teen pregnancy: Girls pay the price for media distortion. Extra!, 7(2), 13-14.
62. Jenkins, H. (1999). Professor Jenkins goes to Washington. Retrieved July 16, 2001, from http://web.mit.edu/21fms/www/faculty/henry3/profjenkins.html
63. Jones, R. L. (1996, September 29). Young girls face tough time living up to expectations. Arizona Republic, p. A16. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from LexisNexis.
64. Kearney, M. C. (1998). Producing girls. In S. A. Inness (Ed.), Delinquents & debutantes: Twentieth-century American girls' cultures (pp. 285-310). New York: New York University Press.
65. Kearney, M. C. (2003). Girls make movies. In K. Mallin & S. Pearce (Eds.), In youth cultures: Texts, images, and identities (pp. 17-34). Westport, CT: Praeger.
66. Kearney, M. C. (2006). Girls make media. New York: Routledge.
67. Koenenn, C. (1996, April 22). Taking our daughters to work - and online. Los Angeles Times, p. 3. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
68. Kohlberg, L. (1981). Essays on moral development. San Francisco: Harper and Row.
69. Levine, M. P., Smolak, L., & Hayden, H. (1994). The relation of sociocultural factors to eating attitudes and behaviors among middle school girls. Journal of Early Adolescence, 14, 471-490.
70. Lewin, T. (1997, October 1). Sexual abuse tied to 1 in 4 girls in teens. New York Times, p. A24. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
71. Linfield, S. (1997, September 7). Desperately seeking perfection. Los Angeles Times, p. 8. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
72. Males, M. A. (1999). Framing youth: 10 myths about the next generation. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press.
73. Mann, J. (1997, October 10). A perilous age for girls. The Washington Post, p. E03. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
74. Manning, A. (1997, October 6). Teen girls no longer enjoy an age of innocence. USA Today, p. 4D. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
75. Marks, C. A. (1994, April 27). The next feminist revolution. Los Angeles Times, p. 7. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
76. Martin, M. C., & Gentry, J. W. (1997). Stuck in the model trap: The effects of beautiful models in ads on female pre-adolescents and adolescents. Journal of Advertising, 26, 19-33.
77. Martin, M. C., & Kennedy, P. F. (1993). Advertising and social comparison: Consequences for female preadolescents and adolescents. Psychology and Marketing, 10, 513-530.
78. Mazzarella, S. R. (1999). "The Superbowl of all dates": Teenage girl magazines and the commodification of the perfect prom. In S. R. Mazzarella & N. Pecora (Eds.), Growing up girls: Popular culture and the construction of identity (pp. 97-112). New York: Peter Lang.
79. Mazzarella, S. R. (Ed.). (2005). Girl wide web: Girls, the Internet, and the negotiation of identity. New York: Peter Lang.
80. Mazzarella, S. R. (in press). How are girls' studies scholars (and girls themselves) shaking up the way we think about girls and media? In S. R. Mazzarella (Ed.), 20 questions about youth and media. New York: Peter Lang.
81. Mazzarella, S. R., & Pecora, N. (Eds.). (1999). Growing up girls: Popular culture and the construction of identity. New York: Peter Lang.
82. Mazzarella, S. R., & Pecora, N. (in press). Revisiting girls' studies: Girls creating sites for connection and action. Journal of Children and Media.
83. McRobbie, A. (1982). Feminism for girls. London: Routledge.
84. McRobbie, A. (1991). Feminism and youth culture: From Jackie to just seventeen. Boston: Unwin Hyman.
85. McRobbie, A. (1999). In the culture society: Art, fashion, and popular music. London: Routledge.
86. McRobbie, A. (2000). Feminism and youth culture: From Jackie to just seventeen (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
87. McRobbie, A. (2004). Post-feminism and popular culture. Feminist Media Studies, 4(3), 255-264.
88. McRobbie, A., & Nava, M. (1984). Gender and generation. London: MacMillan.
89. Media take aim at youth. (1994, March/April). Extra!, 7(2).
90. Mincer, J. (1998, April 27). Woman at work column. The Kansas City Star, p. B6. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
91. Orenstein, P. (1994). Schoolgirls: Young women, self-esteem, and the confidence gap. New York: Doubleday.
92. Paperback best sellers. (1995a, April 2). New York Times, Sec. 7, p. 24.
93. Paperback best sellers. (1998, August 16). New York Times, Sec. 7, p. 24.
94. Parents, doctors must counter teens' pressure to smoke. (1997, November 22). Arizona Republic, p. B4. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
95. Pecora, N. (1999). Identity by design: The corporate construction of teen romance novels. In S. R. Mazzarella & N. Pecora (Eds.), Growing up girls: Popular culture and the construction of identity (pp. 49-86). New York: Peter Lang.
96. Peirce, K. (1990). A feminist theoretical perspective on the socialization of teenage girls through Seventeen magazine. Sex Roles, 23, 491-500.
97. Peirce, K. (1993). Socialization of teenage girls through teen-magazine fiction: The making of a new woman or an old lady? Sex Roles, 29, 59-68.
98. Piaget, J. (1965). The moral judgment of the child. New York: The Free Press.
99. Pipher, M. (1994). Reviving Ophelia: Saving the selves of adolescent girls. New York: Ballantine Books.
100. Pomerantz, S., Currie, D. H., & Kelly, D. M. (2004). Sk8er girls: Skateboarders, girlhood and feminism in motion [electronic version]. Women's Studies International Forum, 27, 547-557.
101. Rosenfeld, M. (1996, May 16). A girl's best friend? Mary Pipher tells how to keep teens from pop culture's clutches. Parents are all ears. The Washington Post, p. C01. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
102. Sadker, M., & Sadker, D. (1994). Failing at fairness: How America's schools cheat girls. New York: Scribner's.
103. Semetko, H. A., & Valkenburg, P. (2000). Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 93-109.
104. Solomon, W. S. (1992). News frames and media packages: Covering El Salvador. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 9, 56-74.
105. Stepp, L. S. (1996, May 28). Education; how girls learn best. The Washington Post, p. B05. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
106. Stern, S. R. (1999). Adolescent girls' expression on Web home pages: Spirited, sombre and self-conscious sites. Convergence: The Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 5(4), 22-41.
107. Stern, S. R. (2002a). Sexual selves on the World Wide Web: Adolescent girls' home pages as sites for sexual self-expression. In J. D. Brown, J. R. Steele, & K. Walsh-Childers (Eds.), Sexual teens, sexual media: Investigating media's influence on adolescent sexuality (pp. 265-285). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
108. Stern, S. R. (2002b). Virtually speaking: Girls' self-disclosure on the WWW [electronic version]. Women's Studies in Communication, 25(2), 223-252.
109. Suffering in silence. (1998, March 31). The Washington Post, p. Z05. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
110. Taylor, J. M., Gilligan, C., & Sullivan, A. M. (1995). Between voice and silence: Women and girls, race and relationship. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
111. Tucker, L. (1998). The framing of Calvin Klein: A frame analysis of media discourse about the August 1995 Calvin Klein jeans advertising campaign. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 15(2), 141-157.
112. Turner, S. L., Hamilton, H., Jacobs, M., Angood, L. M., & Dwyer, D. H. (1997). The influence of fashion magazines on the body image satisfaction of college women: An exploratory analysis. Adolescence, 32, 603-614.
113. Wald, G. (1998). Just a girl? Rock music, feminism, and the cultural construction of female youth [electronic version]. Signs, 23(3), 585-610.
114. Willey, S. (2000). The pitfalls of cyberspace and electronic database research. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator, 55(2), 78-85.
115. Williams, J. (1994, January 8). Starving for self esteem. San Diego Union-Tribune, p. E1. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.
116. Willis, P. (1977). Learning to labour. Aldershot, UK: Saxon House.
117. Zernike, K. (1997, January 6). Focusing on boys; schools not meeting needs, studies say. Boston Globe, p. A1. Retrieved December 14, 1999, from Lexis-Nexis database.