Correlations between leaf toughness and phenolics among species in contrasting environments of Australia and New Caledonia

Annals of Botany

Volumn 103, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 757-767

  Read, Jennifer ^a   Sanson, Gordon D ^a   Caldwell, Elizabeth ^a   Clissold, Fiona J ^a,e   Chatain, Alex ^a   Peeters, Paula ^a,f   Lamont, Byron B ^b   De Garine Wichatitsky, Michel ^c   Jaffré, Tanguy ^d   Kerr, Stuart ^a  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c CIRAD   (France)

^d INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT   (New Caledonia)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^f DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT   (Australia)

Author keywords

Antiherbivore defence; Chemical defence; Leaf toughness; Mechanical defence; Phenolics; Trade offs

Indexed keywords

PHENOL DERIVATIVE; TANNIN DERIVATIVE;

ANTIHERBIVORE DEFENSE; CARBOHYDRATE; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; EVERGREEN TREE; MECHANICAL PROPERTY; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; PHENOLIC COMPOUND; PHOSPHORUS; RAINFOREST; SHRUBLAND; SOIL NUTRIENT; TRADE-OFF;

ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; BIOMECHANICS; ENVIRONMENT; METABOLISM; NEW CALEDONIA; PHYSIOLOGY; PLANT LEAF; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; TREE;

AUSTRALIA; BIOMECHANICS; ENVIRONMENT; NEW CALEDONIA; PHENOLS; PLANT LEAVES; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; TANNINS; TREES;

AUSTRALASIA; AUSTRALIA; MELANESIA; NEW CALEDONIA [MELANESIA]; PACIFIC ISLANDS; PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 60749102688     PISSN: 03057364     EISSN: 10958290     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn246     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Abe T, Higashi M. 1991. Cellulose centered perspective on terrestrial community structure. Oikos 60: 127-133
2. Agrawal AA, Fishbein M. 2006. Plant defense syndromes. Ecology 87: S132-S149
3. Asquith TN, Butler LG. 1985. Use of dye-labeled protein as spectrophotometric assay for protein precipitants such as tannin. Journal of Chemical Ecology 11: 1535-1544
4. Australian Plant Census. 2008. IBIS database, Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria, http://www.chah.gov.au/apc/index.html accessed 28 August 2008
5. Ayres MP, Clausen TP, MacLean SF, Redman AM, Reichardt PB. 1997. Diversity of structure and antiherbivore activity in condensed tannins. Ecology 78: 1696-1712
6. Balouet JC. 1991. The fossil vertebrate record of New Caledonia. In: Vickers-Rich P, Monaghan JM, Baird RF, Rich TH, eds. Vertebrate palaeontology of Australasia. Melbourne: Pioneer Design Studio in cooperation with the Monash University Publications Committee, 1383-1409
7. Behmer ST, Simpson SJ, Raubenheimer D. 2002. Herbivore foraging in chemically heterogeneous environments: nutrients and secondary metabolites. Ecology 83: 2489-2501
8. Berenbaum M. 1985. Brementown revisited: interactions among allelochemicals in plants. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry 19: 139-169
9. Boege K. 2005. Herbivore attack in Casearia nitida influenced by plant ontogenetic variation in foliage quality and plant architecture. Oecologia 143: 117-125.
10. Brunt C, Read J, Sanson GD. 2006. Changes in resource concentration and defence during leaf development in a tough-leaved (Nothofagus moorei) and soft-leaved (Toona ciliata) species. Oecologia 148: 583-592
11. Chatain A, Read J, Jaffré T. 2009. Does leaf-level nutrient-use-efficiency explain Nothofagus-dominance of some tropical rain forests in New Caledonia? Plant Ecology doi: 10.1007/s11258-008- 9477-z
12. Choong MF. 1996. What makes a leaf tough and how this affects the pattern of Castanopsis fissa leaf consumption by caterpillars. Functional Ecology 10: 668-674
13. Choong MF, Lucas PW, Ong JSY, Pereira B, Tan HTW, Turner IM. 1992. Leaf fracture toughness and sclerophylly: their correlations and ecological implications. New Phytologist 121: 597-610
14. Clissold FJ. 2007. The biomechanics of chewing and plant fracture: mechanisms and implications. Advances in Insect Physiology 34: 317-372
15. Close DC, McArthur C. 2002. Rethinking the role of many plant phenolics - protection from photodamage not herbivores? Oikos 99: 166-172
16. Coley PD. 1983. Herbivory and defensive characteristics of tree species in a lowland tropical forest. Ecological Monographs 53: 209-233.
17. Coley PD, Bryant JP, Chapin FS. 1985. Resource availability and plant anti-herbivore defense. Science 230: 895-899
18. Cork SJ, Krockenberger AK. 1991. Methods and pitfalls of extracting condensed tannins and other phenolics from plants: insights from investigations on Eucalyptus leaves. Journal of Chemical Ecology 17: 123-134.
19. van Dam NM, de Jong TJ, Iwasa Y, Kubo T. 1996. Optimal distribution of defences: are plants smart investors? Functional Ecology 10: 128-136
20. Davies TJ, Barraclough TG, Chase MW, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Savolainen V. 2004. Darwin's abominable mystery: insights from a supertree of the angiosperms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 101: 1904-1909
21. Day TA. 1993. Relating UV-B radiation screening effectiveness of foliage to absorbing-compound concentration and anatomical characteristics in a diverse group of plants. Oecologia 95: 542-550
22. Dominy NJ, Lucas PW, Wright SJ. 2003. Mechanics and chemistry of rain forest leaves: canopy and understorey compared. Journal of Experimental Botany 54: 2007-2014.
23. Downum K, Lee D, Hallé F, Quirke M, Towers N. 2001. Plant secondary compounds in the canopy and understorey of a tropical rain forest in Gabon. Journal of Tropical Ecology 17: 477-481
24. Edwards PJ. 1988. Insect herbivory and plant defence theory. In: Grubb PJ, Whittaker JB, eds. Toward a more exact ecology. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 275-297
25. Givnish T. 1979. On the adaptive significance of leaf form. In: Solbrig OT, Raven PH, Jain S, Johnson GB, eds. Topics in plant population biology. New York: Columbia University Press, 375-407.
26. Gleadow RM, Woodrow IE. 2000. Temporal and spatial variation in cyanogenic glycosides in Eucalyptus cladocalyx. Tree Physiology 20: 591-598.
27. Gleason SM, Williams LJ, Read J, Metcalfe DJ, Baker PJ. 2008. Cyclone effects on the structure and production of a tropical upland rainforest: implications for life-history tradeoffs. Ecosystems 11: 1277-1290
28. Graham HD. 1992. Stabilization of the Prussian blue color in the determination of polyphenols. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 40: 801-805.
29. Grubb PJ. 1986. Sclerophylls, pachyphylls and pycnophylls: the nature and significance of hard leaf surfaces. In: Juniper B, Southwood R, eds. Insects and the plant surface. London: Edward Arnold, 137-150.
30. Gulmon SL, Mooney HA. 1986. Costs of defense and their effects on plant productivity. In: Givnish TJ, ed. On the economy of plant form and function. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 681-698
31. Güsewell S. 2004. N:P ratios in terrestrial plants: variation and functional significance. New Phytologist 164: 243-266
32. Hagerman AE, Butler LG. 1991. Tannins and lignins. In: Rosenthal GA, Berenbaum MR, eds. Herbivores: their interactions with secondary plant metabolites, 2nd edn, Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press, 355-388.
33. Hagerman AE, Robbins CT. 1993. Specificity of tannin-binding salivary proteins relative to diet selection by mammals. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71: 628-633
34. Hagerman AE, Riedl KM, Jones GA, et al. 1998. High molecular weight plant polyphenolics (tannins) as biological antioxidants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46: 1887-1892
35. Hanley ME, Lamont BB. 2001. Herbivory, serotiny and seedling defence in Western Australian Proteaceae. Oecologia 126: 409-417
36. Hanley ME, Lamont BB. 2002. Relationships between physical and chemical attributes of congeneric seedlings: how important is seedling defence? Functional Ecology 16: 216-222
37. Hanley ME, Lamont BB, Fairbanks MM, Rafferty CM. 2007. Plant structural traits and their role in anti-herbivore defence. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 8: 157-178
38. Harborne JB. 1991. The chemical basis of plant defense. In: Palo RT, Robbins CT, eds. Plant defenses against mammalian herbivory. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 45-59
39. Heide-Jørgensen HS. 1990. Xeromorphic leaves of Hakea suaveolens R. Br. IV. Ontogeny, structure and function of the sclereids. Australian Journal of Botany 38: 25-43
40. Herms DA, Mattson WJ. 1992. The dilemma of plants: to grow or defend. Quarterly Review of Biology 6: 283-335
41. Iwasa Y. 2000. Dynamic optimization of plant growth. Evolutionary Ecology Research 2: 437-455
42. Jaffré T. 1980. Étude écologique du peuplement végétal des sols dérivés de roches ultrabasiques en Nouvelle Calédonie. Travaux et Documents de l'Orstom no. 124.
43. Jaffré T. 1993. The relationship between ecological diversity and floristic diversity in New Caledonia. Biodiversity Letters 1: 82-87
44. Jaffré T, Morat P, Veillon J.-M, Rigault F, Dagostini G. 2004. Composition et caractérisation de la flore indigène de Nouvelle-Calédonie. IRD Documents Scientifiques et Techniques II 4, Noumea
45. Jaffré T, Rigault F, Munzinger J. 2008. Identification and characterization of floristic groups in dry forests relicts of a West Coast region of New Caledonia. Pacific Conservation Biology 14: 128-145
46. Jordan GJ, Dillon RA, Weston PH. 2005. Solar radiation as a factor in the evolution of scleromorphic leaf anatomy in Proteaceae. American Journal of Botany 92: 789-796
47. Kalisz S, Kramer EM. 2008. Variation and constraint in plant evolution and development. Heredity 100: 171-177
48. Karowe DN. 1985. Differential effect of tannic acid on two tree-feeding Lepidoptera: implications for theories of plant anti-herbivore chemistry. Oecologia 80: 507-512
49. Koricheva J, Nykänen H, Gianoli E. 2004. Meta-analysis of trade-offs among plant antiherbivore defenses: are plants jacks-of-all-trades, masters of all? American Naturalist 163: E64-E75
50. Kraus TEC, Dahlgren RA, Zasoski RJ. 2003. Tannins in nutrient dynamics of forest ecosystems - a review. Plant and Soil 256: 41-66
51. Kursar TA, Coley PD. 2003. Convergence in defense syndromes of young leaves in tropical rainforests. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 31: 929-949
52. Langenheim JH, Macedo CA, Ross MK, Stubblebine WH. 1986. Leaf development in the tropical leguminous tree Copaifera in relation to microlepidopteran herbivory. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 14: 51-59.
53. Larcher W. 2005. Climatic constraints drive the evolution of low temperature resistance in woody plants. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 61: 189-202.
54. Lee KP, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ. 2004. The effects of nutritional imbalance on compensatory feeding for cellulose-mediated dietary dilution in a generalist caterpillar. Physiological Entomology 29: 108-117.
55. Lucas PW, Turner IM, Dominy NJ, Yamashita N. 2000. Mechanical defences to herbivory. Annals of Botany 86: 913-920
56. Mali S, Borges RM. 2003. Phenolics, fibre, alkaloids, saponins, and cyanogenic glycosides in a seasonal cloud forest in India. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 31: 1221-1246.
57. Mazza CA, Boccalandro HE, Giordano CV, Battista D, Scopel AL, Ballaré CL. 2000. Functional significance and induction by solar radiation of ultraviolet-absorbing sunscreens in field-grown soybean crops. Plant Physiology 122: 117-125
58. McCoy S, Jaffré T, Rigault F, Ash JE. 1999. Fire and succession in the ultramafic maquis of New Caledonia. Journal of Biogeography 26: 579-594
59. McKey DD. 1979. The distribution of secondary compounds within plants. In: Rosenthal GA, Janzen DH, eds. Herbivores: their interaction with secondary plant metabolites. New York: Academic Press, 55-133.
60. Mole S, Ross JAM, Waterman PG. 1988. Light-induced variation in phenolic levels in foliage of rain-forest plants. I. Chemical changes. Journal of Chemical Ecology 14: 1-21
61. e sér. 8 section B, Adansonia 2: 133-182
62. Mueller-Harvey I. 2001. Analysis of hydrolysable tannins. Animal Feed Science and Technology 91: 3-20
63. Oertli JJ, Lips SH, Agami M. 1990. The strength of sclerophyllous cells to resist collapse due to negative turgor pressure. Acta OEcologica 11: 281-289.
64. Ossipov V, Haukioja E, Ossipova S, Hanhimäki S, Pihlaja K. 2001. Phenolic and phenolic-related factors as determinants of suitability of mountain birch leaves to an herbivorous insect. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 29: 223-240
65. Ossipova S, Ossipov V, Haukioja E, Loponen J, Pihlaja K. 2001. Proanthocyanidins of Mountain Birch leaves: quantification and properties. Phytochemical Analysis 12: 128-133
66. Peeters PJ, Read J, Sanson GD. 2001. Variation in the guild composition of herbivorous insect assemblages among co-occurring plant species. Austral Ecology 26: 385-399
67. Peeters PJ, Sanson G, Read J. 2007. Leaf biomechanical properties and the densities of herbivorous insect guilds. Functional Ecology 21: 246-255
68. Price ML, Butler LG. 1977. Rapid visual estimation and spectrophotometric determination of tannin content of sorghum grain. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 25: 1268-73
69. Rafferty C, Lamont BB, Hanley ME. 2005. Selective feeding by kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) on seedlings of Hakea species: effects of chemical and physical defences. Plant Ecology 177: 201-208
70. Read J, Sanson GD. 2003. Characterising sclerophylly: the mechanical properties of a diverse range of leaf types. New Phytologist 160: 81-99
71. Read J, Stokes A. 2006. Plant biomechanics in an ecological context. American Journal of Botany 93: 1546-1565
72. Read J, Jaffré T, Godrie E, Hope GS, Veillon J-M. 2000. Structural and floristic characteristics of some monodominant and adjacent mixed rainforests in New Caledonia. Journal of Biogeography 27: 233-250
73. Read J, Sanson GD, Lamont BB. 2005. Leaf mechanical properties in sclerophyll woodland and shrubland on contrasting soils. Plant and Soil 276: 95-113.
74. Read J, Sanson GD, de Garine-Wichatitsky M, Jaffré T. 2006a. Sclerophylly in two contrasting tropical environments: low nutrients vs. low rainfall. American Journal of Botany 93: 1601-1614
75. Read J, Jaffré T, Ferris JM, McCoy S, Hope GS. 2006b. Does soil determine the boundaries of monodominant rain forest with adjacent mixed rain forest and maquis on ultramafic soils in New Caledonia? Journal of Biogeography 33: 1055-106
76. Reich PB, Uhl C, Walters MB, Ellsworth DS. 1991. Leaf lifespan as a determinant of leaf structure and function among 23 amazonian tree species. Oecologia 86: 16-24
77. Rhoades DF. 1979. Evolution of plant chemical defense against herbivores. In: Rosenthal GA, Janzen DH, eds. Herbivores: their interaction with secondary plant metabolites. New York: Academic Press 3-54
78. Riipi M, Ossipov V, Lempa K, et al. 2002. Seasonal changes in birch leaf chemistry: are there trade-offs between leaf growth and accumulation of phenolics? Oecologia 130: 380-390
79. Roderick ML, Berry SL, Noble IR, Farquhar GD. 1999. A theoretical approach to linking the composition and morphology with the function of leaves. Functional Ecology 13: 683-695
80. Sanson G. 2006. The biomechanics of browsing and grazing. American Journal of Botany 93: 1531-1545
81. Sanson G, Read J, Aranwela N, Clissold F, Peeters P. 2001. Measurement of leaf biomechanical properties in studies of herbivory: opportunities, problems and procedures. Austral Ecology 26: 535-546
82. Scalbert A. 1991. Antimicrobial properties of tannins. Phytochemistry 30: 3875-3883.
83. Stamp N. 2003. Out of the quagmire of plant defense hypotheses. Quarterly Review of Biology 78: 23-55
84. 2 diffusion in the leaf. Journal of Plant Research 114: 93-105.
85. 2 diffusion. Journal of Experimental Botany 57: 343-354
86. Twigg LE, Socha LV. 1996. Physical versus chemical defence mechanisms in toxic Gastrolobium. Oecologia 108: 21-28
87. Villar R, Merino J. 2001. Comparisons of leaf construction costs in woody species with differing leaf life-spans in contrasting ecosystems. New Phytologist 151: 213-226
88. Webb CO, Ackerly DD, Kembel SW. 2008. Phylocom: software for the analysis of phylogenetic community structure and character evolution. Version 4.0 URL: http://phylodiversity.net/phylocom/
89. Western Australian Herbarium. 1998-. FloraBase - the Western Australian Flora. Department of Environment and Conservation. http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/ accessed 18 August 2008
90. Witkowski ETF, Lamont BB, Walton CS, Radford S. 1992. Leaf demography, sclerophylly and ecophysiology of two Banksia species with contrasting leaf life spans. Australian Journal of Botany 40: 849-862.
91. Wright IJ, Westoby M. 2002. Leaves at low versus high rainfall: coordination of structure, lifespan and physiology. New Phytologist 155: 403-416
92. Yang Y, Joern A. 1994. Influence of diet quality, developmental stage, and temperature on food residence time in the grasshopper Melanoplus differentialis. Physiological Zoology 67: 598-616.