Insect pests of tea and their management

Annual Review of Entomology

Volumn 54, Issue , 2009, Pages 267-284

  Hazarika, Lakshmi K ^a   Bhuyan, Mantu ^b   Hazarika, Budhindra N ^c  

^a ASSAM AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b CSIR NORTH EAST INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (India)

^c CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Biological control; Integrated pest management; Tea ecosystem

Indexed keywords

ACARI; ARTHROPODA; CAMELLIA SINENSIS; HEXAPODA;

INSECTICIDE;

ANIMAL; BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL; ECOSYSTEM; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; IMMUNOLOGY; INSECT; INSECT CONTROL; METHODOLOGY; MITE; PARASITOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; TEA;

ANIMALS; CAMELLIA SINENSIS; ECOSYSTEM; HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS; INSECT CONTROL; INSECTICIDES; INSECTS; MITES; PEST CONTROL, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 60549089645     PISSN: 00664170     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093359     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. Agnihothrudu V. 1999. Potential of using biocontrol agents in tea. See Ref. 50, pp. 675-92
2. Ahmed M, Mumford JD, Holt J. 1992. A population model of Helopeltis in Bangladesh tea. Sri Lanka J. Tea Sci. 61:24-30
3. Akhtar Y, Rankin CH, Isman MB. 2003. Decreased response to feeding deterrents following prolonged exposure in the larvae of generalist herbivore, Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Insect Behav. 16:811-31
4. Altieri MA, Nicholls CI. 2003. Soil fertility management and insect pests: harmonizing soil and plant health in agroecosystems. Soil Tillage Res. 72:203-11
5. Altieri MA, Nicholls CI. 2005. Biodiversity and Pest Management in Agroecosystems. Lucknow: International Books. 236 pp.
6. Ananthakrishnan TN. 2001. Perspectives in entomological research for the millennium. Entomon 26:1-4
7. Andow DA. 1991. Vegetational diversity and arthropod population response. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 36: 561-86
8. Banerjee B. 1979. A factor analysis of the population fluctuations in Andraca bipunctata Walker (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). Bull. Entomol. Res. 69:195-201
9. Banerjee B. 1979. Intratree variation in the distribution of the tea red spider mite Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner). Acarologia 21:216-20
10. Banerjee B. 1981. An analysis of the effect of latitude, age and area on the number of arthropod pest species of tea. J. Appl. Ecol. 18:339-42
11. Banerjee B. 1983. Arthropod accumulation on tea in young and old habitats. Ecol. Entomol. 8:117-23
12. Banerjee B. 1987. Can leaf aspect affect herbivory? A case study with tea. Ecology 68:839-43
13. Banerjee B. 1992. Botanical classification of tea. See Ref. 115, pp. 25-51
14. Barua DN. 1994. Science and Practice in Tea Culture. Calcutta: Tea Res. Assoc. 509 pp.
15. Beckler AA, French BW, Chandler LD. 2005. Using GIS in areawide pest management: a case study in South Dakota. Trans. Geogr. Inform. Syst. 9:109-27
16. Bretschneider T, Nauen R. 2007. Mite growth inhibitors (clofentezine, hexythiazox, etoxazole). In Modern Crop Protection Compounds, ed. W Kramer, U Schirmer, pp. 824-40. Weinheim, Ger.: Wiley-VCH
17. Carr MKV, Stephens W. 1992. Climate, weather and the yield of tea. See Ref. 115, pp. 87-135
18. Chakraborty U, Chakraborty N. 2001. Impact of environmental factors on infestation of tea leaves by Helopeltis theivora, associated changes in flavonoid flavor components and enzyme activities. Phytoparasitica 33:88-96
19. Chaudhuri TC. 1999. Pesticide residues in tea. In Global Advances in Tea Science, ed. NK Jain, pp. 369-378. New Delhi: Aravali Books. 882 pp.
20. Chen HC, Ning X, Xue Fen C, Zong Mao C, Fulian Y. 1996. On the resistance mechanisms of tea clones to pink tea rust mite. Acta Phytol. Sin. 23:137-42
21. Chen Z, Chen X. 1989. An analysis of the world tea fauna. J. Tea Sci. 9:13-22
22. Cook SM, Khan ZR, Pickett JA. 2007. The use of push-pull strategies in integrated pest management. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 52:375-400
23. Cranham JE. 1966. Tea pests and their control. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 11:491-514
24. Das GM. 1959. Bionomics of the tea red spider, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner). Bull. Entomol. Res. 50:265-74
25. Das GM. 1960. Occurrence of the red spider, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner), on tea in north-east India in relation to pruning and defoliation. Bull. Entomol. Res. 51:415-26
26. Das GM, Das SC. 1967. Effect of temperature and humidity on the development of tea red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner). Bull. Entomol. Res. 57:433-36
27. Deka A, Deka PC, Mondal TK. 2006. Tea. In Plantation Crops, ed. VA Parthasarathy, PK Chattopadhyay, TK Bose, 1:1-147. Kolkata: Naya Udyog
28. Dent D. 1995. Integrated Pest Management. London: Chapman & Hall. 356 pp.
29. Desneux N, Decourtye A, Delpuech JM. 2007. The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 52:81-106
30. FAO. 2005. Committee on commodity problems: intergovernmental group on tea. http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/009/j5602e.htm
31. Ghosh Hazra N. 2001. Advances in selection and breeding of tea - a review. J. Plant Crops 29:1-17
32. Gotoh T, Nagata T. 2001. Development and reproduction of Oligonychus coffeae (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on tea. Int. J. Acarol. 27:293-98
33. Gurr GM, Wratten SD, Altieri MA, eds. 2004. Ecological Engineering for Pest Management: Advances in Habitat Manipulation for Arthropods. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publ.
34. Hadfield W. 1968. Leaf temperature, leaf pose and productivity of the tea bush. Nature 219:282-84
35. Han B. 2000. Mechanism on the stability of insect community in tea garden. J. Tea Sci. 20:1-4
36. Han BY, Chen ZM. 2004. Secreting rhythm and components of tea aphid honeydew and its attracting activity to nine species of natural enemies. Proc. Int. Conf. O-cha(tea) Cult. Sci., Shiuoka, pp. 86-89
37. Han B, Zhang J, Qin H, Zhou P. 2005. Inducement of methyl salicylate from tea shoots by leaf hopper-injuring and its attracting effect on various natural enemies from tea gardens. Proc. Int. Symp. Innov. Tea Sci. Sust. Dev. Tea Indust., Hangzhou, China, pp. 789-96
38. Hance T, van Baaren J, Vernon P, Boivin G. 2007. Impact of extreme temperatures on parasitoids in a climate change perspective. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 52:107-26
39. Haukioja E. 1990. Induction of defenses in trees. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 35:25-42
40. Hazarika LK, Barua NC, Kalita S, Gogoi N. 2008. In search of green pesticides for tea pest management: Phlogocanthus thyrsiflorus experience. In Recent Trends in Insect Pest Management, ed. S Ignacimuthu, S Jayraj, pp. 79-90. New Delhi: Elite Publ. 277 pp.
41. Hazarika LK, Bhattacharyya B, Kalita S, Das P. 2005. Bt as a biocide and its role in management of tea pests. Int. J. Tea Sci. 4:7-16
42. Hazarika LK, Puzari KC. 2001. Microbials in tea pest management. In Microbials in Insect Pest Management, ed. S Ignacimuthu, A Sen, pp. 98-104. New Delhi: Oxford. 174 pp.
43. Hazarika LK, Puzari KC, Wahab S. 2001. Biological control of tea pests. In Biocontrol Potential and Its Exploitation in Sustainable Agriculture. Vol. 2: Insect Pests, ed. RK Upadhyay, KG Mukerji, BP Chamola, pp. 159-80. New York: Kluwer Academic. 421 pp.
44. Hiyori T, Kainoh Y, Ninomyia Y. 1986. Wind tunnel tests on the disruption of pheromonal orientation of the male smaller tea tortrix moth, Adoxophyes sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). I. Disruptive effect of sex pheromone components. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 21:153-58
45. Ho CC. 2000. Spider-mite problems and control in Taiwan. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 24:453-62
46. Holland JM. 2004. The environmental consequences of adopting conservation tillage in Europe: reviewing evidence. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 103:1-25
47. Hongmu A, Zhao S. 1997. The action threshold of tea caterpillar. J. Fujian Agric. Univ. 26:435-40
48. Ishii T, Takatsuka J, Nakai M, Kunimi Y. 2002. Growth characteristics and competitive ability of a nucleopolyhedrovirus and an entomopoxvirus in larvae of the smaller tea tortrix, Adoxophyes honmai (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Biol. Control 23:96-105
49. Isman MB. 2006. Botanical insecticides, deterrents and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 51:45-66
50. Jain NK, ed. 1999. Global Advances in Tea Science. New Delhi: Aravali Books. 882 pp.
51. Jonsson M, Wratten SD, Landis DA, Gurr GM. 2008. Recent advances in conservation biological control of arthropods by arthropods. Biol. Control 45:172-75
52. Kariya A. 1977. Control of tea pests with Bacillus thuringiensis. JARQ 11:173-78
53. Kawai A. 1997. Prospect for integrated pest management in tea cultivation in Japan. JARQ 31:213-17
54. Kessler A, Baldwin I. 2001. Defensive functions of herbivore-induced plant volatile emissions in nature. Science 291:2141-44
55. Khan ZR, Pickett JA. 2004. The 'push-pull' strategy for stemborer management: a case study in exploiting biodiversity and chemical ecology. In Ecological Engineering for Pest Management: Advances in Habitat Manipulation for Arthropods, ed. GM Gurr, SD Wratten, MA Altieri, pp. 155-64. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publ.
56. Kladivko E. 2001. Tillage systems and soil ecology. Soil Tillage Res. 61:61-76
57. Kochansky JP, Roelofs WL, Sivapalan P. 1978. Sex pheromone of the tea tortrix moth (Homona coffearia Nietner). J. Chem. Ecol. 4:623-31
58. Kogan M. 1998. Integrated pest management: historical perspectives and contemporary developments. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 43:243-70
59. Liu S-S, Li Y-H, Liu Y, Zalucki MP. 2005. Experience-induced preference for oviposition repellents derived from a nonhost plant by a specialist herbivore. Ecol. Lett. 8:722-29
60. Luckman WH, Metcalf RL. 1975. The pest management concept. In Introduction to Insect Pest Management, ed. RL Metcalf, WH Luckman, pp. 3-35. New York: Wiley. 587 pp.
61. McLaughlin A, Mineau P. 1995. The impact of agricultural practices on biodiversity. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 55:201-12
62. Metcalf RL. 1980. Changing role of insecticides in crop protection. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 25:219-56
63. Miller JR, Cowles RS. 1990. Stimulo-deterrent diversion: a concept and its possible application to onion maggot control. J. Chem. Ecol. 16:3197-212
64. Mochizuki M. 1994. Variation in insecticide susceptibility of the predatory mite, Amblyseius womersleyi Schicha (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in the tea fields of Japan. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 29:203-9
65. Mochizuki M. 2003. Effectiveness and pesticide susceptibility of the pyrethroid resistant predatory mite Amblyseius womersleyi in the integrated pest management of tea pests. Biocontrol 48:207-21
66. Mohan B, Bachi R. 1999. Organic tea. See Ref. 50, pp. 813-16
67. Mondal TK. 2005. Transgenic tea: present status and future prospect. Proc. Int. Symp. Innov. Tea Sci. Sust. Dev. Tea Indust., Hangzhou, China, pp. 75-82
68. Muraleedharan N. 1992. Pest control in Asia. See Ref. 115, pp. 375-412
69. Muraleedharan N. 2006. Sustainable cultivation of tea. In Handbook of Tea Culture. Valparai, India: UPASI Tea Res. Found.
70. Muraleedharan N, Chen ZM. 1997. Pests and diseases of tea and their management. J. Plant Crops 25:15-43
71. Muraleedharan N, Selvasundaran R, Radhakrishnan B. 1988. Natural enemies of certain tea pests occurring in southern India. Insect Sci. Appl. 5:647-54
72. Nabeta FH, Nakai M, Kunimi Y. 2005. Effects of temperature and photoperiod on the development and reproduction of Adoxophyes honmai (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 40:231-38
73. Nakai M, Kunimi Y. 1997. Granulosis virus infection of the smaller tea tortrix (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): effects on the development of the endoparasitoid, Ascogaster reticulates (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biol. Control 8:74-80
74. Nakai M, Kunimi Y. 1998. Effect of the timing of entomopoxvirus administration to the smaller tea tor-trix, Adoxophyes sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), on the survival of the endoparasitoid, Ascogaster reticulates (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biol. Control 18:63-69
75. Noguchi H, Tamaki Y, Arai S, Shimoda M, Ishikawa I. 1981. Field evaluation of synthetic sex pheromone of the oriental tea tortrix moth, Homona magnanima Diakonoff (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Jpn. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 25:170-75
76. Norris RF, Caswell-Chen EP, Kogan M. 2003. Concepts in Integrated Pest Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 586 pp.
77. Norris RF, Kogan M. 2005. Ecology of interaction between weeds and arthropods. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 50:479-503
78. Ohtani K, Witjaksono T, Fukumoto T, Mochizuki F, Yamamoto M, Ando T. 2001. Mating disruption of the Japanese giant looper in tea gardens permeated with synthetic pheromones and related compounds. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 100:203-9
79. Pathak SK. 2004. Population dynamics and feeding impact of some sucking pests on Darjeeling tea. PhD thesis. Univ. North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal. 165 pp.
80. Pedigo LP. 2002. Entomology and Pest Management. Singapore: Pearson Education. 742 pp. 4th ed.
81. Price PW, Bonton CE, Gross P, McPhenon BA, Thomson JN, Weis AE. 1980. Interactions among three trophic levels: influence of plants on interactions between insect herbivores and natural enemies. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11:41-65
82. Qi SC, Jun LJ, Zhong XH. 2005. Using the Jiaduo insect killer lamp to monitor and control the tea pests. Chin. Bull. Entomol. 42:324-25
83. Rattan PS. 1992. Pest and disease control in Africa. See Ref. 115, pp. 331-52
84. Root RB. 1973. Organization of a plant-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: the fauna of collards (Brassicae oleracea). Ecol. Monogr. 43:95-124
85. Saito Y. 1985. Life type of spider mites. In Spider Mites: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, ed. W Hell, MW Sabelis, pp. 253-64. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 404 pp.
86. Satake A, Ohgushi T, Urano S, Uchimura K. 2006. Modeling population dynamics of a tea pest with temperature-dependent development: predicting emergence timing and potential damage. Ecol. Res. 21:107-16
87. Schoonhoven LM. 2005. Insect-plant relationship: The whole is more than the sum of its parts. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 115:5-6
88. Shelton AM, Badenes-Perez FR. 2006. Concepts and applications of trap cropping in pest management. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 51:285-308
89. Sivapalan P. 1985. An integrated management strategy to minimize the economic damage to mature tea, caused by the shot-hole borer beetle (Xyleborus fornicatus Eichh). J. Tea Sci. 54:4-10
90. Sivapalan P. 1999. Pest management in tea. See Ref. 50, pp. 625-46
91. Sivapalan P, Seneratne KADW. 1977. Some aspects of the biology of the tea termite, Glyptotermes dilatatus. PANS 23:9-12
92. Sivapalan P, Seneratne KADW, Karunaratne AACK. 1977. Observation on the occurrence and behaviour of live-wood termites (Glyptotermes dilatatus) in low country tea fields. PANS 23:5-8
93. Stiling P, Cornelissen T. 2005. What makes a successful biocontrol agent? A meta-analysis of biological control agent performance. Biol. Control 34:236-46
94. Strengbom J, Olofsson J, Witzell J, Dahlgren J. 2003. Effects of repeated damage and fertilization on palatability of Vaccinium myrtillus to grey sided voles, Clethrionomys rufocanus. Oikos 103:133-41
95. Sudhakaran R, Muraleedharan N. 2006. Biology of Helopeltis theivora (Hemiptera: Miridae) infesting tea. Entomon 31:165-80
96. Sudoi V. 1997. Tea pests with special reference to mites: research achievements and future thrusts. Tea 18:156-65
97. Sudoi V, Khaemba BM, Wanjala FME. 2001. Nitrogen fertilization and yield losses of tea to red crevice mite (Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijskes) in the Eastern Highlands of Kenya. Int.J. Pest Manag. 47:207-10
98. Sundararaju D, Sundara Babu PC. 1996. Neem pest not a mystery. Nature 381:108
99. Sundararaju D, Sundara Babu PC. 1999. Helopeltis spp. (Heteroptera: Miridae) and their management in plantation and horticultural crops of India. J. Plant. Crops 27:155-74
100. Symondson WOC, Hemingway J. 1997. Biochemical and molecular techniques. In Methods in Ecological and Agricultural Entomology, ed. DR Dent, MP Walton, 12:293-340. Wallingford, UK: CAB Int. 387 pp.
101. Takafuji A, Ozawa A, Nemoto H, Gotoh T. 2000. Spider mites of Japan: their biology and control. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 24:319-35
102. Takagi K. 1978. Trap for monitoring adult parasites of tea pests. JARQ 12:99-103
103. Tamaki Y, Noguchi H, Sugie H, Sato R. 1979. Minor components of the female sex attractant pheromone of the smaller tea tortrix moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) isolation and identification. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 14:101-13
104. Thomas SR, Goulson D, Hollard JM. 2001. Resource provision for farmland gamebirds: the value of beetle banks. Ann. Appl. Ecol. 41:524-31
105. Tooker JF, Hanks LM. 2006. Tritrophic interactions and reproductive fitness of the prairie perennial Silphium laciniatum Gillette (Asteraceae). Environ. Entomol. 35:537-45
106. TRA. 1994. Pests of Tea in North-East India and Their Control. Memo. No. 27. Jorhat, India: Tocklai Exp. Stn. 231 pp.
107. Vega FE, Posada F, Aime MC, Pava-Ripoll M, Infante F, Rehner SA. 2008. Entomopathogenic fungal endophytes. Biol. Control 46:72-82
108. Wackers FL, Romeis J, van Rijn P. 2007. Nectar and pollen-feeding by insect herbivores and implications for multitrophic interactions. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 52:301-23
109. Wade MR, Zalucki MP, Wratten SD, Robinson KA. 2008. Conservation biological control of arthropods using artificial food sprays: current status and future challenges. Biol. Control 45:185-99
110. Walgama RS, Pallemulla RMDT. 2005. The distribution of shot hole borer, Xyleborus fornicatus Eichh. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), across tea growing areas in Sri Lanka: a reassessment. Sri Lanka J. Tea Sci. 70:105-20
111. Walgama RS, Zalucki MP. 2006. Evaluation of different models to describe egg and pupal development of Xyleborus fornicatus Eichh. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), the shot-hole borer of tea in Sri Lanka. Insect Sci. 13:109-18
112. Wardle DA, Bardgett RD, Klironomos JN, Setälä H, Van Der Putten WH, Wall DH. 2004. Ecological linkage between aboveground and belowground biota. Science 304:162-64
113. Watt G, Mann HN. 1903. The Pests and Blights of the Tea Plant. Calcutta: Gov. Printing Press. 429pp.
114. Wickremasinghe RL, Thirugnanasuntheram K. 1980. Biochemical approach to the control of Xyleborus fornicatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Plant Soil 55:9-15
115. Wilson KC, Clifford MN, eds. 1992. Tea: Cultivation to Consumption. London: Chapman & Hall. 769 pp.
116. Wirsig A. 1999. Food web and community structure of arthropods in organic and conventional tea gardens of Darjeeling, North East India. Diplomarb. Master's thesis. Univ. Hohenh., Ger. 72 pp.
117. Xu N, Chen ZM, You XQ. 1998. Biochemical mechanisms on the indirect defence of tea plant against tea geometrid in the tritrophic system of tea plant-teageometrid-Apanteles sp. J. Tea. Sci. 18:1-5
118. Xu N, Fen CX, Cai CH, Mao CZ. 1996. Morphological and biochemical parameters of tea varieties resistence to pink mite (Acaphylla theae Watt). J. Tea Sci. 16:125-30
119. Yajun Y, Zongmao C, Jianyun R, Liang C, Yongwen J. 2005. Tea science progress in new century. Proc. Int. Symp. Innov. Tea Sci. Sust. Dev. Tea Indust., Hangzhou, China, pp. 1-20
120. Yongmo W, Feng G, Xianghui L, Feng F, Lijun W. 2005. Evaluation of mass trapping for control of tea tussock moth Euproctis pseudoconspersa (Strand) (Lepidoptera: Lymantridae) with synthetic sex pheromone in south China. Int. J. Pest Manag. 51:289-95
121. Yu F, Xu N. 1999. Tea germplasm resources of China. See Ref. 50, pp. 393-412
122. Zehnder G, Gurr GM, Kuhne S, Wade MR, Wratten SD, Wyss E. 2007. Arthropod pest management in organic crops. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 52:57-80
123. Zhang JW, Wang YZ, Ren JS. 1992. Ecocontrol of the tea green leaf hopper (Homoptera: Empoasca vitis) and rational use of pesticides. J. Tea Sci. 12:139-44