메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 609-621

Participants' characteristics and economic benefits of visiting friends and relatives (VFR) tourism - An international survey of the literature with implications for Ghana

Author keywords

Critical growth factors; Economic benefits; Ghana; Patricipants characteristics; Visiting friends and relatives (VFR)

Indexed keywords

CURRENCY MARKET; ECONOMIC IMPACT; EMPLOYMENT GENERATION; EXCHANGE RATE; INTERNATIONAL TOURISM; TOURISM DEVELOPMENT;

EID: 59849103854     PISSN: 10992340     EISSN: 15221970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jtr.698     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (57)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0033924009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Africans in the diaspora: The diaspora and Africa
    • Akyeampong E. 2000. Africans in the diaspora: the diaspora and Africa. African Affairs 99: 183-215.
    • (2000) African Affairs , vol.99 , pp. 183-215
    • Akyeampong, E.1
  • 2
    • 0022880331 scopus 로고
    • Yugoslavia's tourist trade: A pot of gold or pig in a poke?
    • Allock D. 1989. Yugoslavia's tourist trade: a pot of gold or pig in a poke? Annals of Tourism Research 13(4): 565-588.
    • (1989) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 565-588
    • Allock, D.1
  • 3
    • 0025045742 scopus 로고
    • Unrealized tourism potential - the case of sub-Saharan Africa
    • Ankomah PK, Crompton JL. 1990. Unrealized tourism potential - the case of sub-Saharan Africa. Tourism Management 11: 11-28.
    • (1990) Tourism Management , vol.11 , pp. 11-28
    • Ankomah, P.K.1    Crompton, J.L.2
  • 4
    • 59849127429 scopus 로고
    • Bangor Occasional Papers in Economics, University of Wales Press: Cardiff
    • Archer BH. 1973. The impact of domestic tourism. Bangor Occasional Papers in Economics, No. 2. University of Wales Press: Cardiff.
    • (1973) The impact of domestic tourism , Issue.2
    • Archer, B.H.1
  • 5
    • 13244252561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some benefi ts of migrants return visits to Ghana
    • Asiedu AB. 2005. Some benefi ts of migrants return visits to Ghana. Population, Space and Place 11: 1-11.
    • (2005) Population, Space and Place , vol.11 , pp. 1-11
    • Asiedu, A.B.1
  • 7
    • 59849128364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the VFR tourism category: Case studies in rural Scotland
    • Paper presented at the, Cardiff, UK
    • Boyne S, Hall D. 2002. Examining the VFR tourism category: case studies in rural Scotland. Paper presented at the Tourism Research 2002 Conference, Cardiff, UK.
    • (2002) Tourism Research 2002 Conference
    • Boyne, S.1    Hall, D.2
  • 8
    • 0001955238 scopus 로고
    • The importance of the VFR market to the hotel industry
    • Braunlich CG, Nadkarni N. 1995. The importance of the VFR market to the hotel industry. Journal of Tourism Studies 6(1): 38-47.
    • (1995) Journal of Tourism Studies , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-47
    • Braunlich, C.G.1    Nadkarni, N.2
  • 9
    • 0031855373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In search of an appropriate form of tourism for Africa: Lessons from the past and suggestions for the future
    • Brown OD. 1998. In search of an appropriate form of tourism for Africa: lessons from the past and suggestions for the future. Tourism Management 19(3): 237-249.
    • (1998) Tourism Management , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 237-249
    • Brown, O.D.1
  • 10
    • 59849125253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BTA, British Tourist Authority, UK
    • BTA. 2005. Key tourism facts 2003. British Tourist Authority, UK.
    • (2005) Key tourism facts 2003
  • 11
    • 0000681534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism and the environment: A geographical perspective
    • Butler R. 2000. Tourism and the environment: a geographical perspective. Tourism Geographies 2(3): 337-59.
    • (2000) Tourism Geographies , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 337-359
    • Butler, R.1
  • 13
    • 0042650698 scopus 로고
    • Tourism and structural adjustment programmes in the African economy
    • Dieke PUC. 1995. Tourism and structural adjustment programmes in the African economy. Tourism Economics 1(1): 71-93.
    • (1995) Tourism Economics , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-93
    • Dieke, P.U.C.1
  • 14
  • 15
    • 59849107217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ETC, English Tourist Board: London
    • ETC. 2002. Visits to Friends and Relatives. English Tourist Board: London.
    • (2002) Visits to Friends and Relatives
  • 16
    • 59849086284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghana Statistical Handbook
    • Ghana Tourist Board GTB, Accra, Ghana
    • Ghana Tourist Board (GTB). 2005. Ghana Statistical Handbook. Ghana Tourist Board: Accra, Ghana.
    • (2005) Ghana Tourist Board
  • 18
    • 0002164589 scopus 로고
    • Tourism: The sacred journey
    • Smith V ed, Basil Blackwell: Oxford;
    • Graburn N. 1978. Tourism: the sacred journey. In Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism, Smith V (ed.). Basil Blackwell: Oxford; 17-31.
    • (1978) Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism , pp. 17-31
    • Graburn, N.1
  • 19
    • 59849119797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and, VisitBritain. Available at, accessed October, 2005, 2005
    • Gurry S. 2005. First Time and Repeat Visitors to the UK, 2001 and 2004. VisitBritain. Available at http://www.tourismtrade.org.uk/images/ Repeaters04_tem12-12495.pdf (accessed October, 2005).
    • (2001) First Time and Repeat Visitors to the UK
    • Gurry, S.1
  • 20
    • 0002062532 scopus 로고
    • VFR tourism: Is it underestimated?
    • Jackson RT. 1990. VFR tourism: is it underestimated? Journal of Tourism Studies 1(2): 10-7.
    • (1990) Journal of Tourism Studies , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 10-17
    • Jackson, R.T.1
  • 21
    • 0001313221 scopus 로고
    • What is ethnic tourism? An Australian perspective
    • King B. 1994. What is ethnic tourism? An Australian perspective. Tourism Management 15(3): 173-176.
    • (1994) Tourism Management , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 173-176
    • King, B.1
  • 22
    • 0002575085 scopus 로고
    • Measuring the value of the ethnic connection: Expatriate travelers from Australia to Sri Lanka
    • King BGM, Gamage AM. 1994. Measuring the value of the ethnic connection: expatriate travelers from Australia to Sri Lanka. Journal of Travel Research 32(2): 46-49.
    • (1994) Journal of Travel Research , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 46-49
    • King, B.G.M.1    Gamage, A.M.2
  • 24
    • 59849102369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VFR: Is it really marginal? A financial consideration of French overseas travellers
    • Lee G, Morrison A, Lheto X, Webb J, Reid J. 2005. VFR: is it really marginal? A financial consideration of French overseas travellers. Journal of Vacation Marketing 11(4): 340-356.
    • (2005) Journal of Vacation Marketing , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 340-356
    • Lee, G.1    Morrison, A.2    Lheto, X.3    Webb, J.4    Reid, J.5
  • 25
    • 0035710651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the visiting friends and relatives typology make a difference? A study of the International VFR market to the United States
    • Letho XY, Morrison AM, O'Leary JT. 2001. Does the visiting friends and relatives typology make a difference? A study of the International VFR market to the United States. Journal of Travel Research 40: 201-112.
    • (2001) Journal of Travel Research , vol.40 , pp. 201-112
    • Letho, X.Y.1    Morrison, A.M.2    O'Leary, J.T.3
  • 26
    • 59849106750 scopus 로고
    • Tourism income multiplier for Turkey
    • Liu J, Timur A, Var T. 1984. Tourism income multiplier for Turkey. Tourism Management 5(4): 27-37.
    • (1984) Tourism Management , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 27-37
    • Liu, J.1    Timur, A.2    Var, T.3
  • 27
    • 59849107841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manu T, Asante R. 2005. Reaping the gains of Ghanaians overseas: an evaluation of the Home Coming Summit of 2001. In At Home in the World? International Migration and Development in Contemporary Ghana and West Africa, Manu T (ed.). Sub-Saharan Publishers: Accra, Ghana; 292-310.
    • Manu T, Asante R. 2005. Reaping the gains of Ghanaians overseas: an evaluation of the Home Coming Summit of 2001. In At Home in the World? International Migration and Development in Contemporary Ghana and West Africa, Manu T (ed.). Sub-Saharan Publishers: Accra, Ghana; 292-310.
  • 29
    • 33750854916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transnational migration and the economy of funerals: Changing practices in Ghana
    • Mazzucato V, Kabki M, Smith L. 2006. Transnational migration and the economy of funerals: changing practices in Ghana. Development and Change 37(5): 1047-1072.
    • (2006) Development and Change , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 1047-1072
    • Mazzucato, V.1    Kabki, M.2    Smith, L.3
  • 31
    • 0003111093 scopus 로고
    • Segmenting the visiting friends and relatives market by holiday activity participation
    • Morrison AM, Hsieh S, O'Leary JT. 1995. Segmenting the visiting friends and relatives market by holiday activity participation. Journal of Tourism Studies 6(1): 48-63.
    • (1995) Journal of Tourism Studies , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 48-63
    • Morrison, A.M.1    Hsieh, S.2    O'Leary, J.T.3
  • 34
    • 84898997904 scopus 로고
    • Tourists' use and evaluation of travel information sources: Summary and conclusions
    • Nolan SD. 1976. Tourists' use and evaluation of travel information sources: summary and conclusions. Journal of Travel Research 14(3): 6-8.
    • (1976) Journal of Travel Research , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 6-8
    • Nolan, S.D.1
  • 35
    • 0027759063 scopus 로고
    • Tourism space in the developing world
    • Opperman M. 1992. Tourism space in the developing world. Annals of Tourism Research 20: 535-556.
    • (1992) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.20 , pp. 535-556
    • Opperman, M.1
  • 37
    • 0026272426 scopus 로고
    • Ethnic tourism-focus on Poland
    • June
    • Ostrowski S. 1991. Ethnic tourism-focus on Poland. Tourism Management June: 125-131.
    • (1991) Tourism Management , pp. 125-131
    • Ostrowski, S.1
  • 38
    • 0002523145 scopus 로고
    • Market segments: The major international VFR markets
    • Paci E. 1994. Market segments: the major international VFR markets. EIU Travel and Tourism Analyst 6: 36-50.
    • (1994) EIU Travel and Tourism Analyst , vol.6 , pp. 36-50
    • Paci, E.1
  • 40
    • 59849088126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustaining tomorrow and endless summer: On Linking Tourism and Envirenment in the Caribbean; Paper presented at the Environmentally-Sound Tourism Development in the Carribean Workship, Barbados. The Banff Centre School of Management
    • April
    • Sadler B. 1997. Sustaining tomorrow and endless summer: On Linking Tourism and Envirenment in the Caribbean; Paper presented at the Environmentally-Sound Tourism Development in the Carribean Workship, Barbados. The Banff Centre School of Management. CIDA, April.
    • (1997) CIDA
    • Sadler, B.1
  • 42
    • 0042226429 scopus 로고
    • Are relatives friends? Reassessing the VFR category in segmenting tourism markets
    • State of the Art, Seaton AV, Wood R, Dieke P, Jenkins C eds, Wiley: Chichester;
    • Seaton AV. 1994. Are relatives friends? Reassessing the VFR category in segmenting tourism markets. In Tourism: The State of the Art, Seaton AV, Wood R, Dieke P, Jenkins C (eds). Wiley: Chichester; 316-321.
    • (1994) Tourism: The , pp. 316-321
    • Seaton, A.V.1
  • 43
    • 0031410440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding VFR tourism behaviour: The first five years of the United Kingdom Tourism Survey
    • Seaton AV, Palmer C. 1997. Understanding VFR tourism behaviour: the first five years of the United Kingdom Tourism Survey. Tourism Management 18(6): 345-355.
    • (1997) Tourism Management , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 345-355
    • Seaton, A.V.1    Palmer, C.2
  • 44
    • 0003006654 scopus 로고
    • Disaggregating friends and relatives in VFR tourism research: The Northern Ireland evidence, 1991-1993
    • Seaton AV, Tagg S. 1995. Disaggregating friends and relatives in VFR tourism research: the Northern Ireland evidence, 1991-1993. Journal of Tourism Studies 6(1): 6-18.
    • (1995) Journal of Tourism Studies , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 6-18
    • Seaton, A.V.1    Tagg, S.2
  • 45
    • 0031656513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism and economic development: A survey
    • Sinclair MT. 1998. Tourism and economic development: a survey. The Journal of Development Studies 34(5): 1-51.
    • (1998) The Journal of Development Studies , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 1-51
    • Sinclair, M.T.1
  • 49
    • 59849112933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Travel Industry Association of America (TIA). 2002. Tourism Works for America Coalition Activities. The Tourism Network. Availaable at http://www.tourismknowledge.com (accessed May 2003).
    • Travel Industry Association of America (TIA). 2002. Tourism Works for America Coalition Activities. The Tourism Network. Availaable at http://www.tourismknowledge.com (accessed May 2003).
  • 52
    • 59849085468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of international students to tourism beyond the core educational experience: Evidence from Australia
    • Weaver DB. 2004. The contribution of international students to tourism beyond the core educational experience: evidence from Australia. Tourism Review International 7: 95-105.
    • (2004) Tourism Review International , vol.7 , pp. 95-105
    • Weaver, D.B.1
  • 53
    • 0002711834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism and migration: New relationship between production and consumption
    • Williams AM, Hall CM. 2000. Tourism and migration: new relationship between production and consumption. Tourism Geographies 2(1): 5-27.
    • (2000) Tourism Geographies , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-27
    • Williams, A.M.1    Hall, C.M.2
  • 54
    • 59849113417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO). 2007. Looking forward to fourth year of sustained growth. UNWTO News, Issue 1.
    • World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO). 2007. Looking forward to fourth year of sustained growth. UNWTO News, Issue 1.
  • 55
    • 59849102597 scopus 로고
    • Ghana's Tourism - Prospects and Possibilities
    • Willie RW. 1990. Ghana's Tourism - Prospects and Possibilities, Administration and Development. 21(4): 277-288.
    • (1990) Administration and Development , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 277-288
    • Willie, R.W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.