Investigation on the possible relationship existing between the HLA-DR gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and/or mental retardation

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 985-991

  Aureli, A ^a   Sebastiani, P ^a   Del Beato, T ^a   Marimpietri, A ^b   Melillo, V ^b   Sechi, E ^b   Di Loreto, Silvia ^a  

^a CNR ITOI Institute for Organ Transplantation and Immunocytology   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF L'AQUILA   (Italy)

Author keywords

ADHD; Association study; HLA; Mental retardation; SBT

Indexed keywords

HLA DR ANTIGEN; HLA DR4 ANTIGEN;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; CHILD; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; FEMALE; GENE FREQUENCY; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC CORRELATION; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DEFICIENCY; NEUROPATHOLOGY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOPATHY;

EID: 59849101172     PISSN: 03946320     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/039463200802100423     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Larson SA, Lakin KC, Anderson L, Kwak Lee N, Anderson D. Prevalence of mental retardation and developmental disabilities: estimates from the 1994/1995 national health interview survey disability supplements. Am J Ment Retard 2001; 106:231-52.
2. Ullmann R, Turner G, Kirchhoff M, et al. Array CGH identifies reciprocal l6p13.1 duplications and deletions that predispose to autism and/or mental retardation. Hum Mutat 2007; 28(7):674-82.
3. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
4. Rohde LA, Biederman J, Busnello EA, Zimmermann H, Schmitz M, Martins S, Tramontina S. ADHD in a school sample of Brazilian adolescents: A study of prevalence, comorbid conditions, and impairments. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999; 38:716-22.
5. Tannock R, Brown TE. Attention deficit disorders with learning disorders in children and adolescents. In: Attention deficit disorders and comorbidities in children, adolescents, and adults. T.E. Brown (Ed.), Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 2000.
6. Biederman J, Newcorn J, Sprich S. Comorbidity of attention deficity hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety and other disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148:564-77.
7. Jensen PS, Martin D, Cantwell DP. Comorbidity in ADHD: implications for research, practice and DSM-V J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psych 1997; 36: 1065-79.
8. Stevenson J, Pennington BF, Gilger JW, DeFries JC, Gillis JJ. Hyperactivity and spelling disability: testing for shared genetic aetiology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1993; 34(7):1137-52.
9. McLaren J, Bryson SE. Review of recent epidemiological studies of mental retardation: prevalence, associated disorders, and etiology. Am J Merit Retard 1987; 92:243-54.
10. Smalley SL. Genetic influences in childhood-onset psychiatric disorders: autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 60(6):1276-82.
11. Odell JD, Warren RP, Warren WL, Burger RA, Maciulis A. Association of genes within the major histocompatibility complex with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychobiology 1997; 35(4):181-6.
12. Edelson MG. Are the majority of children with autism mentally retarded?: A systematic evaluation of the data. Focus Autism Other Dev Disabl 2006; 21:66-83.
13. Torres AR, Sweeten TL, Cutler A, Bedke BJ, Fillmore M, Stubbs EG, Odell D. The association and linkage of the HLA-A2 class I allele with autism. Hum Immunol 2006; 67:346-51.
14. Lee LC, Zachary AA, Leffell MS, Newschaffer CJ, Matteson KJ, Tyler JD, Zimmerman AW. HLA-DR4 in families with autism. Pediatr Neurol 2006; 35(5): 303-7.
15. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
16. Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, Rao U, Flynn C, Moreci P, et al. Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36:980-8.
17. Conners CK, Sitarenios G, Parker JD, Epstein JN. Revision and restandardization of the Conners Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1998; 26(4):279-91.
18. Conners CK, Sitarenios G, Parker JD, Epstein JN. The revised Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1998; 26(4):257-68.
19. Wechsler D. WISC-IV integrated technical and interpretive manual. San Antonio, Texas: Harcourt Assessment 2004.
20. Roid GH, Miller LJ. The Leiter International Performance Scale - Revised Edition. Lutz, Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources 1997.
21. Milner B. Interhemispheric differences in the localization of psychological processes in man. Br Med Bull 1971; 27:272-7.
22. Scarpa P, Piazzini A, Resenti G, et al. Italian neuropsychological instruments to assess memory, attention and frontal functions for developmental age. Neurolog Sci 2006; 27(6):381-96.
23. Culbertson WC, Zillmer EA. The Tower of London DX: A standardized approach to assessing executive functioning in children. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1998; 13:285-301.
24. Bland JM, Altman DG. Multiple significance tests: the Bonferroni method. BMJ 1995; 310:170.
25. Adorno D. Caucasian Italian normal. In: HLA 1998; Gjertson DW, Terasaki PI editors; p. 164.
26. Biederman J, Faraone SV, Keenan K, et al. Further evidence for family-genetic risk factors in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Patterns of comorbidity in probands and relatives psychiatrically and pediatrically referred samples. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49(9):728-38.
27. Hectman L. Genetic and neurobiological aspects of attention deficit hyperactive disorder: a review J Psychiatry Neurosci 1994; 19(3):193-201.
28. Warren RP, Odell JD, Warren WL, Burger RA, Maciulis A, Daniels WW, Torres AR. Strong association of the third hypervariable region of HLA-DR beta 1 with autism. J Neuroimmunol 1996; 67(2):97-102.
29. Warren RP, Odell JD, Warren WL, Burger RA, Maciulis A, Daniels WW, Torres AR. Reading disability, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and the immune system. Science 1995; 268:786-8.