메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 14-23

Management of cocaine-induced cardiac arrhythmias due to cardiac ion channel dysfunction

Author keywords

Cocaine; ECG changes; Management; Poisoning management; Toxicology

Indexed keywords

1 METHYL 3 INDOLECARBOXYLIC ACID [1 [2 (METHYLSULFONYLAMINO)ETHYL] 4 PIPERIDINYLMETHYL] ESTER; 5 FLUORO 2 METHOXY 1H INDOLE 3 CARBOXYLIC ACID 1 [2 (METHYLSULFONAMIDO)ETHYL] 4 PIPERIDINYLMETHYL ESTER; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; BENZOTHIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BICARBONATE; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CATECHOLAMINE; COCAINE; DIHYDROPYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; DILTIAZEM; ECOPIPAM; FLECAINIDE; ION CHANNEL; LIDOCAINE; MAGNESIUM; MORACIZINE; NIFEDIPINE; PHENYLALKYLAMINE; SODIUM CHANNEL; VERAPAMIL; POTASSIUM CHANNEL;

EID: 59649097134     PISSN: 15563650     EISSN: 15569519     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15563650802339373     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (47)

References (116)
  • 1
    • 34547097444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed 5 June 2008
    • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report 2007. http://www.unodc.org/pdf/research/wdr07/WDR-2007.pdf. Accessed 5 June 2008.
    • World Drug Report 2007
  • 2
    • 0024517971 scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic effects of intravenous cocaine in awake and anesthetized dogs
    • Schwartz AB, Janzen D, Jones RT, Boyle W. Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic effects of intravenous cocaine in awake and anesthetized dogs. J Electrocardiol 1989; 22:159-166.
    • (1989) J Electrocardiol , vol.22 , pp. 159-166
    • Schwartz, A.B.1    Janzen, D.2    Jones, R.T.3    Boyle, W.4
  • 3
    • 0018645219 scopus 로고
    • The effects of cocaine and metanephrine on the cardiac responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation in dogs
    • Matsuda Y, Masuda Y, Levy MN. The effects of cocaine and metanephrine on the cardiac responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation in dogs. Circ Res 1979; 45:180-187.
    • (1979) Circ Res , vol.45 , pp. 180-187
    • Matsuda, Y.1    Masuda, Y.2    Levy, M.N.3
  • 4
    • 0019460249 scopus 로고
    • Acute cocaine intoxication in the conscious dog: Studies on the mechanism of lethality
    • Catravas JD, Waters IW. Acute cocaine intoxication in the conscious dog: studies on the mechanism of lethality. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1981; 217:350-356.
    • (1981) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.217 , pp. 350-356
    • Catravas, J.D.1    Waters, I.W.2
  • 5
    • 0026501307 scopus 로고
    • The effects of acute and chronic cocaine use on the heart
    • Kloner RA, Hale S, Alker K, Rezkalla S. The effects of acute and chronic cocaine use on the heart. Circulation 1992; 85:407-419.
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.85 , pp. 407-419
    • Kloner, R.A.1    Hale, S.2    Alker, K.3    Rezkalla, S.4
  • 6
    • 0037937577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular manifestations of substance abuse part 1: Cocaine
    • Frishman WH, Del Vecchio A, Sanal S, Ismail A. Cardiovascular manifestations of substance abuse part 1: cocaine. Heart Dis 2003; 5:187-201.
    • (2003) Heart Dis , vol.5 , pp. 187-201
    • Frishman, W.H.1    Del Vecchio, A.2    Sanal, S.3    Ismail, A.4
  • 7
    • 0035797581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular complications of cocaine use
    • Lange RA, Hillis LD. Cardiovascular complications of cocaine use. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:351-358.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 351-358
    • Lange, R.A.1    Hillis, L.D.2
  • 8
    • 0026031395 scopus 로고
    • The cardiovascular effects of cocaine
    • Goldfrank LR, Hoffman RS. The cardiovascular effects of cocaine. Ann Emerg Med 1991; 20:165-175.
    • (1991) Ann Emerg Med , vol.20 , pp. 165-175
    • Goldfrank, L.R.1    Hoffman, R.S.2
  • 9
    • 0013011996 scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic changes resulting from acute cocaine intoxication
    • Young TW, Glauber JJ. Electrocardiographic changes resulting from acute cocaine intoxication. Am Heart J 1947; 34:272-279.
    • (1947) Am Heart J , vol.34 , pp. 272-279
    • Young, T.W.1    Glauber, J.J.2
  • 10
    • 0014277219 scopus 로고
    • Anaesthesia for laryngoscopy: A comparison of the cardiovascular effects of cocaine and lignocaine
    • Orr D, Jones I. Anaesthesia for laryngoscopy: a comparison of the cardiovascular effects of cocaine and lignocaine. Anaesthesia 1968; 23:194-202.
    • (1968) Anaesthesia , vol.23 , pp. 194-202
    • Orr, D.1    Jones, I.2
  • 13
    • 0017856013 scopus 로고
    • Accelerated ventricular rhythm and cocaine abuse
    • Benchimol A, Bartall H, Desser KB. Accelerated ventricular rhythm and cocaine abuse. Ann Intern Med 1978; 88:519-520.
    • (1978) Ann Intern Med , vol.88 , pp. 519-520
    • Benchimol, A.1    Bartall, H.2    Desser, K.B.3
  • 14
    • 0021342670 scopus 로고
    • Asystole and ventricular fibrillation associated with cocaine intoxication
    • Nanji AA, Filipenko JD. Asystole and ventricular fibrillation associated with cocaine intoxication. Chest 1984; 85:132-133.
    • (1984) Chest , vol.85 , pp. 132-133
    • Nanji, A.A.1    Filipenko, J.D.2
  • 15
    • 0023137511 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine and sudden "natural" death
    • Mittleman RE, Wetli CV. Cocaine and sudden "natural" death. J Forensic Sci 1987; 32:11-19.
    • (1987) J Forensic Sci , vol.32 , pp. 11-19
    • Mittleman, R.E.1    Wetli, C.V.2
  • 16
    • 0030753740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced wide complex dysrhythmia
    • Kerns W 2nd, Garvey L, Owens J. Cocaine-induced wide complex dysrhythmia. J Emerg Med 1997; 15:321-329.
    • (1997) J Emerg Med , vol.15 , pp. 321-329
    • Kerns 2nd, W.1    Garvey, L.2    Owens, J.3
  • 17
    • 0024411348 scopus 로고
    • An epidemiologic investigation of marijuana- and cocaine-related palpitations
    • Petronis KR, Anthony JC. An epidemiologic investigation of marijuana- and cocaine-related palpitations. Drug Alcohol Depend 1989; 23:219-226.
    • (1989) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.23 , pp. 219-226
    • Petronis, K.R.1    Anthony, J.C.2
  • 18
    • 0025056820 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of amounts of coronary arterial narrowing in cocaine addicts
    • Dressler FA, Malekzadeh S, Roberts WC. Quantitative analysis of amounts of coronary arterial narrowing in cocaine addicts. Am J Cardiol 1990; 65:303-308.
    • (1990) Am J Cardiol , vol.65 , pp. 303-308
    • Dressler, F.A.1    Malekzadeh, S.2    Roberts, W.C.3
  • 20
    • 0023942671 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular effects of cocaine: An autopsy study of 40 patients
    • Virmani R, Robinowitz M, Smialek JE, Smyth DF. Cardiovascular effects of cocaine: an autopsy study of 40 patients. Am Heart J 1988; 115:1068-1076.
    • (1988) Am Heart J , vol.115 , pp. 1068-1076
    • Virmani, R.1    Robinowitz, M.2    Smialek, J.E.3    Smyth, D.F.4
  • 22
    • 0021019208 scopus 로고
    • Acute cocaine poisoning. Importance of treating seizures and acidosis
    • Jonsson S, O'Meara M, Young JB. Acute cocaine poisoning. Importance of treating seizures and acidosis. Am J Med 1983; 75:1061-1064.
    • (1983) Am J Med , vol.75 , pp. 1061-1064
    • Jonsson, S.1    O'Meara, M.2    Young, J.B.3
  • 23
    • 0020065665 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine self-administration in humans
    • Fischman MW, Schuster CR. Cocaine self-administration in humans. Fed Proc 1982; 41:241-246.
    • (1982) Fed Proc , vol.41 , pp. 241-246
    • Fischman, M.W.1    Schuster, C.R.2
  • 24
    • 0020685349 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the subjective and cardiovascular effects of cocaine and lidocaine in humans
    • Fischman MW, Schuster CR, Hatano Y. A comparison of the subjective and cardiovascular effects of cocaine and lidocaine in humans. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1983; 18:123-127.
    • (1983) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.18 , pp. 123-127
    • Fischman, M.W.1    Schuster, C.R.2    Hatano, Y.3
  • 25
    • 0025864409 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological mechanisms of cocaine-induced cardiac arrest. A possible cause of sudden cardiac death
    • Sherief HT, Carpentier RG. Electrophysiological mechanisms of cocaine-induced cardiac arrest. A possible cause of sudden cardiac death. J Electrocardiol 1991; 24:247-255.
    • (1991) J Electrocardiol , vol.24 , pp. 247-255
    • Sherief, H.T.1    Carpentier, R.G.2
  • 26
    • 0021163480 scopus 로고
    • Death caused by recreational cocaine use. An update
    • Mittleman RE, Wetli CV. Death caused by recreational cocaine use. An update. JAMA 1984; 252:1889-1893.
    • (1984) JAMA , vol.252 , pp. 1889-1893
    • Mittleman, R.E.1    Wetli, C.V.2
  • 27
    • 0021210880 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of use-dependent block of sodium channels in excitable membranes by local anesthetics
    • Starmer CF, Grant AO, Strauss HC. Mechanisms of use-dependent block of sodium channels in excitable membranes by local anesthetics. Biophys J 1984; 46:15-27.
    • (1984) Biophys J , vol.46 , pp. 15-27
    • Starmer, C.F.1    Grant, A.O.2    Strauss, H.C.3
  • 28
    • 0026724259 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the sodium channel blocking properties of the major metabolites of cocaine in single cardiac myocytes
    • Crumb WJ Jr, Clarkson CW. Characterization of the sodium channel blocking properties of the major metabolites of cocaine in single cardiac myocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 261:910-917.
    • (1992) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.261 , pp. 910-917
    • Crumb Jr, W.J.1    Clarkson, C.W.2
  • 29
    • 0021207214 scopus 로고
    • A classification of antiarrhythmic actions reassessed after a decade of new drugs
    • Vaughan Williams EM. A classification of antiarrhythmic actions reassessed after a decade of new drugs. J Clin Pharmacol 1984; 24:129-147.
    • (1984) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.24 , pp. 129-147
    • Vaughan Williams, E.M.1
  • 31
    • 0026752875 scopus 로고
    • Effect of the antiarrhythmic agent moricizine on survival after myocardial infarction. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial II Investigators
    • Effect of the antiarrhythmic agent moricizine on survival after myocardial infarction. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial II Investigators. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:227-233.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 227-233
  • 32
    • 0028051609 scopus 로고
    • Cocaethylene, a metabolite of cocaine and ethanol, is a potent blocker of cardiac sodium channels
    • Xu YQ, Crumb WJ Jr, Clarkson CW. Cocaethylene, a metabolite of cocaine and ethanol, is a potent blocker of cardiac sodium channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 271:319-325.
    • (1994) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.271 , pp. 319-325
    • Xu, Y.Q.1    Crumb Jr, W.J.2    Clarkson, C.W.3
  • 34
    • 0041426613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the in vivo cardiac electrophysiologic effects of high-dose cocaine in closed-chest, anesthetized dogs with normal hearts
    • Fenelon G, Uchoa J, Otobone JR, Reis M, do Amaral JL, de Paola AA. Characterization of the in vivo cardiac electrophysiologic effects of high-dose cocaine in closed-chest, anesthetized dogs with normal hearts. Arq Bras Cardiol 2003; 81:29-34.
    • (2003) Arq Bras Cardiol , vol.81 , pp. 29-34
    • Fenelon, G.1    Uchoa, J.2    Otobone, J.R.3    Reis, M.4    do Amaral, J.L.5    de Paola, A.A.6
  • 35
    • 0025801776 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic and electrophysiological actions of cocaine. Effects of sodium bicarbonate as an antidote in dogs
    • Beckman KJ, Parker RB, Hariman RJ, Gallastegui JL, Javaid JI, Bauman JL. Hemodynamic and electrophysiological actions of cocaine. Effects of sodium bicarbonate as an antidote in dogs. Circulation 1991; 83:1799-1807.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.83 , pp. 1799-1807
    • Beckman, K.J.1    Parker, R.B.2    Hariman, R.J.3    Gallastegui, J.L.4    Javaid, J.I.5    Bauman, J.L.6
  • 36
    • 0035093516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine, ethanol, and cocaethylene cardiotoxity in an animal model of cocaine and ethanol abuse
    • Wilson LD, Jeromin J, Garvey L, Dorbandt A. Cocaine, ethanol, and cocaethylene cardiotoxity in an animal model of cocaine and ethanol abuse. Acad Emerg Med 2001; 8:211-222.
    • (2001) Acad Emerg Med , vol.8 , pp. 211-222
    • Wilson, L.D.1    Jeromin, J.2    Garvey, L.3    Dorbandt, A.4
  • 37
    • 0032706021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride on reversing cocaine-induced changes in the electrocardiogram
    • Parker RB, Perry GY, Horan LG, Flowers NC. Comparative effects of sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride on reversing cocaine-induced changes in the electrocardiogram. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1999; 34:864-869.
    • (1999) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.34 , pp. 864-869
    • Parker, R.B.1    Perry, G.Y.2    Horan, L.G.3    Flowers, N.C.4
  • 38
    • 0028035431 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of the electrocardiographic effects of cocaine by lidocaine. Part 2. Concentration-effect relationships
    • Grawe JJ, Hariman RJ, Winecoff AP, Fischer JH, Bauman JL. Reversal of the electrocardiographic effects of cocaine by lidocaine. Part 2. Concentration-effect relationships. Pharmacotherapy 1994; 14:704-711.
    • (1994) Pharmacotherapy , vol.14 , pp. 704-711
    • Grawe, J.J.1    Hariman, R.J.2    Winecoff, A.P.3    Fischer, J.H.4    Bauman, J.L.5
  • 39
    • 0021287507 scopus 로고
    • Antiarrhythmic agents: The modulated receptor mechanism of action of sodium and calcium channel-blocking drugs
    • Hondeghem LM, Katzung BG. Antiarrhythmic agents: the modulated receptor mechanism of action of sodium and calcium channel-blocking drugs. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1984; 24:387-423.
    • (1984) Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.24 , pp. 387-423
    • Hondeghem, L.M.1    Katzung, B.G.2
  • 41
    • 0027374143 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of cocaine and its metabolites on cardiovascular function in anesthetized rats
    • Erzouki HK, Baum I, Goldberg SR, Schindler CW. Comparison of the effects of cocaine and its metabolites on cardiovascular function in anesthetized rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993; 22:557-563.
    • (1993) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.22 , pp. 557-563
    • Erzouki, H.K.1    Baum, I.2    Goldberg, S.R.3    Schindler, C.W.4
  • 42
    • 0029165073 scopus 로고
    • The pH dependence of cocaine interaction with cardiac sodium channels
    • Crumb WJ Jr, Clarkson CW. The pH dependence of cocaine interaction with cardiac sodium channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274:1228-1237.
    • (1995) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.274 , pp. 1228-1237
    • Crumb Jr, W.J.1    Clarkson, C.W.2
  • 43
    • 0032799668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • pH-dependent cocaine-induced cardiotoxicity
    • Wang RY. pH-dependent cocaine-induced cardiotoxicity. Am J Emerg Med 1999; 17:364-369.
    • (1999) Am J Emerg Med , vol.17 , pp. 364-369
    • Wang, R.Y.1
  • 44
    • 0017031594 scopus 로고
    • Transient inward current underlying arrhythmogenic effects of cardiotonic steroids in Purkinje fibres
    • Lederer WJ, Tsien RW. Transient inward current underlying arrhythmogenic effects of cardiotonic steroids in Purkinje fibres. J Physiol 1976; 263:73-100.
    • (1976) J Physiol , vol.263 , pp. 73-100
    • Lederer, W.J.1    Tsien, R.W.2
  • 45
    • 0019932482 scopus 로고
    • The effects of intracellular protons on the electrical activity of single ventricular cells
    • Kurachi Y. The effects of intracellular protons on the electrical activity of single ventricular cells. Pflugers Arch 1982; 394:264-270.
    • (1982) Pflugers Arch , vol.394 , pp. 264-270
    • Kurachi, Y.1
  • 46
    • 0020001031 scopus 로고
    • Ungulate cardiac purkinje fibres: The influence of intracellular pH on the electrical cell-to-cell coupling
    • Reber WR, Weingart R. Ungulate cardiac purkinje fibres: the influence of intracellular pH on the electrical cell-to-cell coupling. J Physiol 1982; 328:87-104.
    • (1982) J Physiol , vol.328 , pp. 87-104
    • Reber, W.R.1    Weingart, R.2
  • 47
    • 0030087746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine concentration-effect relationship in the presence and absence of lidocaine: Evidence of competitive binding between cocaine and lidocaine
    • Liu D, Hariman RJ, Bauman JL. Cocaine concentration-effect relationship in the presence and absence of lidocaine: evidence of competitive binding between cocaine and lidocaine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996; 276:568-577.
    • (1996) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.276 , pp. 568-577
    • Liu, D.1    Hariman, R.J.2    Bauman, J.L.3
  • 48
    • 0024350130 scopus 로고
    • Potentiation of cocaine toxicity with calcium channel blockers
    • Derlet RW, Albertson TE. Potentiation of cocaine toxicity with calcium channel blockers. Am J Emerg Med 1989; 7:464-468.
    • (1989) Am J Emerg Med , vol.7 , pp. 464-468
    • Derlet, R.W.1    Albertson, T.E.2
  • 49
    • 0028506032 scopus 로고
    • The effects of lidocaine pretreatment on cocaine neurotoxicity and lethality in mice
    • Heit J, Hoffman RS, Goldfrank LR. The effects of lidocaine pretreatment on cocaine neurotoxicity and lethality in mice. Acad Emerg Med 1994; 1:438-442.
    • (1994) Acad Emerg Med , vol.1 , pp. 438-442
    • Heit, J.1    Hoffman, R.S.2    Goldfrank, L.R.3
  • 51
    • 0021705398 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of reversal of toxic effects of amitriptyline on cardiac Purkinje fibers by sodium bicarbonate
    • Sasyniuk BI, Jhamandas V. Mechanism of reversal of toxic effects of amitriptyline on cardiac Purkinje fibers by sodium bicarbonate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1984; 231:387-394.
    • (1984) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.231 , pp. 387-394
    • Sasyniuk, B.I.1    Jhamandas, V.2
  • 52
    • 0024432126 scopus 로고
    • Acute electrophysiologic effects of sodium administration in dogs treated with O-desmethyl encainide
    • Bajaj AK, Woosley RL, Roden DM. Acute electrophysiologic effects of sodium administration in dogs treated with O-desmethyl encainide. Circulation 1989; 80:994-1002.
    • (1989) Circulation , vol.80 , pp. 994-1002
    • Bajaj, A.K.1    Woosley, R.L.2    Roden, D.M.3
  • 53
    • 17444367370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute poisoning: Understanding 90% of cases in a nutshell
    • Greene SL, Dargan PI, Jones AL. Acute poisoning: understanding 90% of cases in a nutshell. Postgrad Med J 2005; 81:204-216.
    • (2005) Postgrad Med J , vol.81 , pp. 204-216
    • Greene, S.L.1    Dargan, P.I.2    Jones, A.L.3
  • 54
    • 0021345989 scopus 로고
    • Flecainide: Its proarrhythmic effect and expected changes on the surface electrocardiogram
    • Morganroth J, Horowitz LN. Flecainide: its proarrhythmic effect and expected changes on the surface electrocardiogram. Am J Cardiol 1984; 53:89B-94B.
    • (1984) Am J Cardiol , vol.53
    • Morganroth, J.1    Horowitz, L.N.2
  • 55
    • 0024386071 scopus 로고
    • Hypertonic sodium bicarbonate partially reverses QRS prolongation due to flecainide in rats
    • Keyler DE, Pentel PR. Hypertonic sodium bicarbonate partially reverses QRS prolongation due to flecainide in rats. Life Sci 1989; 45:1575-1580.
    • (1989) Life Sci , vol.45 , pp. 1575-1580
    • Keyler, D.E.1    Pentel, P.R.2
  • 56
    • 0025153127 scopus 로고
    • Lack of effect of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate on QRS duration in patients taking therapeutic doses of class IC antiarrhythmic drugs
    • Pentel PR, Fifield J, Salerno DM. Lack of effect of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate on QRS duration in patients taking therapeutic doses of class IC antiarrhythmic drugs. J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30:789-794.
    • (1990) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.30 , pp. 789-794
    • Pentel, P.R.1    Fifield, J.2    Salerno, D.M.3
  • 57
    • 0028001720 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of the electrocardiographic effects of cocaine by lidocaine. Part 1. Comparison with sodium bicarbonate and quinidine
    • Winecoff AP, Hariman RJ, Grawe JJ, Wang Y, Bauman JL. Reversal of the electrocardiographic effects of cocaine by lidocaine. Part 1. Comparison with sodium bicarbonate and quinidine. Pharmacotherapy 1994; 14:698-703.
    • (1994) Pharmacotherapy , vol.14 , pp. 698-703
    • Winecoff, A.P.1    Hariman, R.J.2    Grawe, J.J.3    Wang, Y.4    Bauman, J.L.5
  • 58
    • 0032988377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two genetically selected strains of rats exhibit hypersensitivity or resistance to cocaine-induced fatal arrhythmias
    • Shi B, Heavner JE, Liu J, Wang MJ, Lutherer LO, McIntyre DC, Reigel CE. Two genetically selected strains of rats exhibit hypersensitivity or resistance to cocaine-induced fatal arrhythmias. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999; 288:685-692.
    • (1999) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.288 , pp. 685-692
    • Shi, B.1    Heavner, J.E.2    Liu, J.3    Wang, M.J.4    Lutherer, L.O.5    McIntyre, D.C.6    Reigel, C.E.7
  • 59
    • 0028209018 scopus 로고
    • The effect of adrenergic receptor antagonists on cocaine-induced ventricular fibrillation: Alpha but not beta adrenergic receptor antagonists prevent malignant arrhythmias independent of heart rate
    • Billman GE. The effect of adrenergic receptor antagonists on cocaine-induced ventricular fibrillation: alpha but not beta adrenergic receptor antagonists prevent malignant arrhythmias independent of heart rate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 269:409-416.
    • (1994) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.269 , pp. 409-416
    • Billman, G.E.1
  • 60
    • 0026466921 scopus 로고
    • Right bundle branch block, persistent ST segment elevation and sudden cardiac death: A distinct clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome. A multicenter report
    • Brugada P, Brugada J. Right bundle branch block, persistent ST segment elevation and sudden cardiac death: a distinct clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome. A multicenter report. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20:1391-1396.
    • (1992) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.20 , pp. 1391-1396
    • Brugada, P.1    Brugada, J.2
  • 61
    • 13444300924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antzelevitch C, Brugada P, Borggrefe M, Brugada J, Brugada R, Corrado D, Gussak I, LeMarec H, Nademanee K, Perez Riera AR, Shimizu W, Schulze-Bahr E, Tan H, Wilde A. Brugada syndrome: report of the second consensus conference: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the European Heart Rhythm Association. Circulation 2005; 111:659-670.
    • Antzelevitch C, Brugada P, Borggrefe M, Brugada J, Brugada R, Corrado D, Gussak I, LeMarec H, Nademanee K, Perez Riera AR, Shimizu W, Schulze-Bahr E, Tan H, Wilde A. Brugada syndrome: report of the second consensus conference: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the European Heart Rhythm Association. Circulation 2005; 111:659-670.
  • 63
    • 34248575837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brugada electrocardiographic pattern induced by cocaine toxicity
    • Bebarta VS, Summers S. Brugada electrocardiographic pattern induced by cocaine toxicity. Ann Emerg Med 2007; 49:827-829.
    • (2007) Ann Emerg Med , vol.49 , pp. 827-829
    • Bebarta, V.S.1    Summers, S.2
  • 64
    • 0034775746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aborted sudden death, transient Brugada pattern, and wide QRS dysrrhythmias after massive cocaine ingestion
    • Ortega-Carnicer J, Bertos-Polo J, Gutierrez-Tirado C. Aborted sudden death, transient Brugada pattern, and wide QRS dysrrhythmias after massive cocaine ingestion. J Electrocardiol 200; 34:345-349.
    • J Electrocardiol , vol.200 , Issue.34 , pp. 345-349
    • Ortega-Carnicer, J.1    Bertos-Polo, J.2    Gutierrez-Tirado, C.3
  • 65
    • 0033890788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brugada-type electrocardiographic pattern induced by cocaine
    • Littmann L, Monroe MH, Svenson RH. Brugada-type electrocardiographic pattern induced by cocaine. Mayo Clin Proc 2000; 75:845-849.
    • (2000) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.75 , pp. 845-849
    • Littmann, L.1    Monroe, M.H.2    Svenson, R.H.3
  • 66
    • 0033545591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator for patients with normal hearts
    • Brugada P, Brugada R, Brugada J, Geelen P. Use of the prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator for patients with normal hearts. Am J Cardiol 1999; 83:98D-100D.
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol , vol.83
    • Brugada, P.1    Brugada, R.2    Brugada, J.3    Geelen, P.4
  • 67
    • 0034471499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological and device approach to therapy of inherited cardiac diseases associated with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death
    • Brugada J, Brugada R, Brugada P. Pharmacological and device approach to therapy of inherited cardiac diseases associated with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. J Electrocardiol 2000; 33(Suppl):41-47.
    • (2000) J Electrocardiol , vol.33 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 41-47
    • Brugada, J.1    Brugada, R.2    Brugada, P.3
  • 69
    • 0029847602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple mechanisms in the long-QT syndrome. Current knowledge, gaps, and future directions. The SADS Foundation Task Force on LQTS
    • Roden DM, Lazzara R, Rosen M, Schwartz PJ, Towbin J, Vincent GM. Multiple mechanisms in the long-QT syndrome. Current knowledge, gaps, and future directions. The SADS Foundation Task Force on LQTS. Circulation 1996; 94:1996-2012.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , pp. 1996-2012
    • Roden, D.M.1    Lazzara, R.2    Rosen, M.3    Schwartz, P.J.4    Towbin, J.5    Vincent, G.M.6
  • 70
    • 0025368411 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying early and delayed after-depolarizations induced by catecholamines
    • Priori SG, Corr PB. Mechanisms underlying early and delayed after-depolarizations induced by catecholamines. Am J Physiol 1990; 258:H1796-H1805.
    • (1990) Am J Physiol , vol.258
    • Priori, S.G.1    Corr, P.B.2
  • 71
    • 0035133687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of human ether-a-go-go potassium channels by cocaine
    • O'Leary ME. Inhibition of human ether-a-go-go potassium channels by cocaine. Mol Pharmacol 2001; 59:269-277.
    • (2001) Mol Pharmacol , vol.59 , pp. 269-277
    • O'Leary, M.E.1
  • 72
    • 0034802281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cocaine and its major metabolites on the HERG-encoded potassium channel
    • Ferreira S, Crumb WJ, Carlton CG, Clarkson CW. Effects of cocaine and its major metabolites on the HERG-encoded potassium channel. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001; 299:220-226.
    • (2001) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.299 , pp. 220-226
    • Ferreira, S.1    Crumb, W.J.2    Carlton, C.G.3    Clarkson, C.W.4
  • 73
    • 0033490795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric detection of anhydroecgonine methyl ester (methylecgonidine) in human serum as evidence of recent smoking of crack
    • Toennes SW, Fandino AS, Kauert G. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric detection of anhydroecgonine methyl ester (methylecgonidine) in human serum as evidence of recent smoking of crack. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1999; 735:127-132.
    • (1999) J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl , vol.735 , pp. 127-132
    • Toennes, S.W.1    Fandino, A.S.2    Kauert, G.3
  • 74
    • 0027461339 scopus 로고
    • Serial plasma concentrations of cocaethylene, cocaine, and ethanol in trauma victims
    • Bailey DN. Serial plasma concentrations of cocaethylene, cocaine, and ethanol in trauma victims. J Anal Toxicol 1993; 17:79-83.
    • (1993) J Anal Toxicol , vol.17 , pp. 79-83
    • Bailey, D.N.1
  • 75
    • 0025232852 scopus 로고
    • Concurrent and simultaneous use of alcohol with cocaine: Results of national survey
    • Grant BF, Harford TC. Concurrent and simultaneous use of alcohol with cocaine: results of national survey. Drug Alcohol Depend 1990; 25:97-104.
    • (1990) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.25 , pp. 97-104
    • Grant, B.F.1    Harford, T.C.2
  • 76
    • 0026645533 scopus 로고
    • Early afterdepolarizations and triggered activity induced by cocaine: A possible mechanism of cocaine arrhythmogenesis
    • Kimura S, Bassett AL, Xi H, Myerburg RJ. Early afterdepolarizations and triggered activity induced by cocaine: a possible mechanism of cocaine arrhythmogenesis. Circulation 1992; 85:2227-2235.
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.85 , pp. 2227-2235
    • Kimura, S.1    Bassett, A.L.2    Xi, H.3    Myerburg, R.J.4
  • 77
    • 0029876684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the ionic basis for cocaine's biphasic effect on action potential duration in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes
    • Clarkson CW, Xu YQ, Chang C, Follmer CH. Analysis of the ionic basis for cocaine's biphasic effect on action potential duration in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1996; 28:667-678.
    • (1996) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.28 , pp. 667-678
    • Clarkson, C.W.1    Xu, Y.Q.2    Chang, C.3    Follmer, C.H.4
  • 80
    • 0025145027 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced torsades de pointes in a patient with the idiopathic long QT syndrome
    • Schrem SS, Belsky P, Schwartzman D, Slater W. Cocaine-induced torsades de pointes in a patient with the idiopathic long QT syndrome. Am Heart J 1990; 120:980-984.
    • (1990) Am Heart J , vol.120 , pp. 980-984
    • Schrem, S.S.1    Belsky, P.2    Schwartzman, D.3    Slater, W.4
  • 81
    • 0035403773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced torsades de pointes in idiopathic long Q-T syndrome
    • Singh N, Singh HK, Singh PP, Khan IA. Cocaine-induced torsades de pointes in idiopathic long Q-T syndrome. Am J Ther 2001; 8:299-302.
    • (2001) Am J Ther , vol.8 , pp. 299-302
    • Singh, N.1    Singh, H.K.2    Singh, P.P.3    Khan, I.A.4
  • 85
    • 0025200738 scopus 로고
    • Whole bowel irrigation and the cocaine body-packer: A new approach to a common problem
    • Hoffman RS, Smilkstein MJ, Goldfrank LR. Whole bowel irrigation and the cocaine body-packer: a new approach to a common problem. Am J Emerg Med 1990; 8:523-527.
    • (1990) Am J Emerg Med , vol.8 , pp. 523-527
    • Hoffman, R.S.1    Smilkstein, M.J.2    Goldfrank, L.R.3
  • 87
    • 0030818905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiarrhythmic and arrhythmogenic actions of varying levels of extracellular magnesium: Possible cellular basis for the differences in the efficacy of magnesium and lidocaine in torsade de pointes
    • Takanaka C, Ogunyankin KO, Sarma JS, Singh BN. Antiarrhythmic and arrhythmogenic actions of varying levels of extracellular magnesium: possible cellular basis for the differences in the efficacy of magnesium and lidocaine in torsade de pointes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 1997; 2:125-134.
    • (1997) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther , vol.2 , pp. 125-134
    • Takanaka, C.1    Ogunyankin, K.O.2    Sarma, J.S.3    Singh, B.N.4
  • 88
    • 0036664794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced channelopathies: Emerging evidence on the multiple mechanisms of sudden death
    • Bauman JL, DiDomenico RJ. Cocaine-induced channelopathies: emerging evidence on the multiple mechanisms of sudden death. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2002; 7:195-202.
    • (2002) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther , vol.7 , pp. 195-202
    • Bauman, J.L.1    DiDomenico, R.J.2
  • 90
    • 0025312806 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms responsible for the cardiotoxic effects of cocaine
    • Billman GE. Mechanisms responsible for the cardiotoxic effects of cocaine. FASEB J 1990; 4:2469-2475.
    • (1990) FASEB J , vol.4 , pp. 2469-2475
    • Billman, G.E.1
  • 91
    • 0032704940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective potentiation of L-type calcium channel currents by cocaine in cardiac myocytes
    • Premkumar LS. Selective potentiation of L-type calcium channel currents by cocaine in cardiac myocytes. Mol Pharmacol 1999; 56:1138-1142.
    • (1999) Mol Pharmacol , vol.56 , pp. 1138-1142
    • Premkumar, L.S.1
  • 92
    • 0024999817 scopus 로고
    • The effects of cocaine on intracellular Ca2+ handling and myofilament Ca2+ responsiveness of ferret ventricular myocardium
    • Perreault CL, Hague NL, Ransil BJ, Morgan JP. The effects of cocaine on intracellular Ca2+ handling and myofilament Ca2+ responsiveness of ferret ventricular myocardium. Br J Pharmacol 1990; 101:679-685.
    • (1990) Br J Pharmacol , vol.101 , pp. 679-685
    • Perreault, C.L.1    Hague, N.L.2    Ransil, B.J.3    Morgan, J.P.4
  • 93
    • 0024815322 scopus 로고
    • Role of calcium in arrhythmogenesis
    • Levy MN. Role of calcium in arrhythmogenesis. Circulation 1989; 80:IV23-IV30.
    • (1989) Circulation , vol.80
    • Levy, M.N.1
  • 94
    • 0024562899 scopus 로고
    • Effect of calcium channel antagonists on susceptibility to sudden cardiac death: Protection from ventricular fibrillation
    • Billman GE. Effect of calcium channel antagonists on susceptibility to sudden cardiac death: protection from ventricular fibrillation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1989; 248:1334-1342.
    • (1989) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.248 , pp. 1334-1342
    • Billman, G.E.1
  • 95
    • 0022862551 scopus 로고
    • Nitrendipine: An antidote to cardiac and lethal toxicity of cocaine
    • Trouve R, Nahas G. Nitrendipine: an antidote to cardiac and lethal toxicity of cocaine. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1986; 183:392-397.
    • (1986) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.183 , pp. 392-397
    • Trouve, R.1    Nahas, G.2
  • 96
    • 0027436485 scopus 로고
    • Effect of calcium channel antagonists on cocaine-induced malignant arrhythmias: Protection against ventricular fibrillation
    • Billman GE. Effect of calcium channel antagonists on cocaine-induced malignant arrhythmias: protection against ventricular fibrillation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 266:407-416.
    • (1993) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.266 , pp. 407-416
    • Billman, G.E.1
  • 97
    • 0023734716 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced ventricular fibrillation: Protection afforded by the calcium antagonist verapamil
    • Billman GE, Hoskins RS. Cocaine-induced ventricular fibrillation: protection afforded by the calcium antagonist verapamil. FASEB J 1988; 2:2990-2995.
    • (1988) FASEB J , vol.2 , pp. 2990-2995
    • Billman, G.E.1    Hoskins, R.S.2
  • 98
    • 0031776761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute deleterious effects of cocaine on cardiac conduction, hemodynamics, and ventricular fibrillation threshold: Effects of interaction with a selective dopamine D1 antagonist SCH 39166
    • Kanani PM, Guse PA, Smith WM, Barnett A, Ellinwood EH. Acute deleterious effects of cocaine on cardiac conduction, hemodynamics, and ventricular fibrillation threshold: effects of interaction with a selective dopamine D1 antagonist SCH 39166. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998; 32:42-48.
    • (1998) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 42-48
    • Kanani, P.M.1    Guse, P.A.2    Smith, W.M.3    Barnett, A.4    Ellinwood, E.H.5
  • 99
    • 0032476084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin-4 receptor antagonists reverse cocaine-induced cardiac arrhythmia
    • Ohuoha DC, Schindler CW, Rothman RB. Serotonin-4 receptor antagonists reverse cocaine-induced cardiac arrhythmia. Life Sci 1998; 63:1673-1678.
    • (1998) Life Sci , vol.63 , pp. 1673-1678
    • Ohuoha, D.C.1    Schindler, C.W.2    Rothman, R.B.3
  • 100
    • 0020264388 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial ischemia and infarction related to recreational cocaine use
    • Coleman DL, Ross TF, Naughton JL. Myocardial ischemia and infarction related to recreational cocaine use. West J Med 1982;136:444-446.
    • (1982) West J Med , vol.136 , pp. 444-446
    • Coleman, D.L.1    Ross, T.F.2    Naughton, J.L.3
  • 103
    • 0031838964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of nitric oxide in cocaine-induced acute hypertension
    • Mo W, Singh AK, Arruda JA, Dunea G. Role of nitric oxide in cocaine-induced acute hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1998; 11:708-714.
    • (1998) Am J Hypertens , vol.11 , pp. 708-714
    • Mo, W.1    Singh, A.K.2    Arruda, J.A.3    Dunea, G.4
  • 104
    • 23944441505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cocaine on nitric oxide production in bovine coronary artery endothelial cells
    • He J, Yang S, Zhang L. Effects of cocaine on nitric oxide production in bovine coronary artery endothelial cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 314:980-986.
    • (2005) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.314 , pp. 980-986
    • He, J.1    Yang, S.2    Zhang, L.3
  • 105
    • 0032483089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine increases the endothelial release of immunoreactive endothelin and its concentrations in human plasma and urine: Reversal by coincubation with sigma-receptor antagonists
    • Wilbert-Lampen U, Seliger C, Zilker T, Arendt RM. Cocaine increases the endothelial release of immunoreactive endothelin and its concentrations in human plasma and urine: reversal by coincubation with sigma-receptor antagonists. Circulation 1998; 98:385-390.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 385-390
    • Wilbert-Lampen, U.1    Seliger, C.2    Zilker, T.3    Arendt, R.M.4
  • 108
    • 0030841005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced myocardial ischemia and infarction: Pathophysiology, recognition, and management
    • Pitts WR, Lange RA, Cigarroa JE, Hillis LD. Cocaine-induced myocardial ischemia and infarction: pathophysiology, recognition, and management. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1997; 40:65-76.
    • (1997) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.40 , pp. 65-76
    • Pitts, W.R.1    Lange, R.A.2    Cigarroa, J.E.3    Hillis, L.D.4
  • 109
    • 0028307410 scopus 로고
    • Ischemia enhances use-dependent sodium channel blockade by pilsicainide, a class IC antiarrhythmic agent
    • Sadanaga T, Ogawa S. Ischemia enhances use-dependent sodium channel blockade by pilsicainide, a class IC antiarrhythmic agent. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 23:1378-1381.
    • (1994) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.23 , pp. 1378-1381
    • Sadanaga, T.1    Ogawa, S.2
  • 110
    • 0034988665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of heart disease in asymptomatic chronic cocaine users
    • Roldan CA, Aliabadi D, Crawford MH. Prevalence of heart disease in asymptomatic chronic cocaine users. Cardiology 2001; 95:25-30.
    • (2001) Cardiology , vol.95 , pp. 25-30
    • Roldan, C.A.1    Aliabadi, D.2    Crawford, M.H.3
  • 111
    • 33646269257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of cocaine-related coronary atherosclerosis in young patients with myocardial infarction
    • Patrizi R, Pasceri V, Sciahbasi A, Summaria F, Rosano GM, Lioy E. Evidence of cocaine-related coronary atherosclerosis in young patients with myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47:2120-2122.
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.47 , pp. 2120-2122
    • Patrizi, R.1    Pasceri, V.2    Sciahbasi, A.3    Summaria, F.4    Rosano, G.M.5    Lioy, E.6
  • 112
    • 1642377632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivessel coronary thrombosis secondary to cocaine use successfully treated with multivessel primary angioplasty
    • Meltser H, Bhakta D, Kalaria V. Multivessel coronary thrombosis secondary to cocaine use successfully treated with multivessel primary angioplasty. Int J Cardiovasc Intervent 2004; 6:39-42.
    • (2004) Int J Cardiovasc Intervent , vol.6 , pp. 39-42
    • Meltser, H.1    Bhakta, D.2    Kalaria, V.3
  • 113
    • 0027730254 scopus 로고
    • Increased prevalence of aortic fatty streaks in cholesterol-fed rabbits administered intravenous cocaine: The role of vascular endothelium
    • Kolodgie FD, Wilson PS, Cornhill JF, Herderick EE, Mergner WJ, Virmani R. Increased prevalence of aortic fatty streaks in cholesterol-fed rabbits administered intravenous cocaine: the role of vascular endothelium. Toxicol Pathol 1993; 21:425-435.
    • (1993) Toxicol Pathol , vol.21 , pp. 425-435
    • Kolodgie, F.D.1    Wilson, P.S.2    Cornhill, J.F.3    Herderick, E.E.4    Mergner, W.J.5    Virmani, R.6
  • 115
    • 27744519534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine and coronary calcification in young adults: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
    • Pletcher MJ, Kiefe CI, Sidney S, Carr JJ, Lewis CE, Hulley SB. Cocaine and coronary calcification in young adults: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Am Heart J 2005; 150:921-926.
    • (2005) Am Heart J , vol.150 , pp. 921-926
    • Pletcher, M.J.1    Kiefe, C.I.2    Sidney, S.3    Carr, J.J.4    Lewis, C.E.5    Hulley, S.B.6
  • 116
    • 0025312906 scopus 로고
    • Effect of cocaine on coronary artery dimensions in atherosclerotic coronary artery disease: Enhanced vasoconstriction at sites of significant stenoses
    • Flores ED, Lange RA, Cigarroa RG, Hillis LD. Effect of cocaine on coronary artery dimensions in atherosclerotic coronary artery disease: enhanced vasoconstriction at sites of significant stenoses. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 16:74-79.
    • (1990) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.16 , pp. 74-79
    • Flores, E.D.1    Lange, R.A.2    Cigarroa, R.G.3    Hillis, L.D.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.