메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 12-22

Within-species differences in primate social structure: Evolution of plasticity and phylogenetic constraints

Author keywords

Feeding competition; Mating systems; Phenotypic plasticity; Phylogeny; Social structure; Socioecology

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; PHYLOGENY; PRIMATE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; SOCIAL STRUCTURE;

EID: 59149090058     PISSN: 00328332     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10329-008-0123-0     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (116)

References (128)
  • 1
    • 53749091536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intragroup aggression, fission-fusion dynamics and feeding competition in spider monkeys
    • Absensio N, Korstjens AH, Schaffner CM, Aureli F (2008) Intragroup aggression, fission-fusion dynamics and feeding competition in spider monkeys. Behaviour 145:983-1001
    • (2008) Behaviour , vol.145 , pp. 983-1001
    • Absensio, N.1    Korstjens, A.H.2    Schaffner, C.M.3    Aureli, F.4
  • 2
    • 0000145115 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of social behavior
    • Alexander RD (1974) The evolution of social behavior. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 5:325-383
    • (1974) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.5 , pp. 325-383
    • Alexander, R.D.1
  • 5
    • 0036734140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dramatic change in local climate patterns in Amboseli basin, Kenya
    • Altmann J, Alberts SC, Roy SB (2002) Dramatic change in local climate patterns in Amboseli basin, Kenya. Afr J Ecol 40:248-251
    • (2002) Afr J Ecol , vol.40 , pp. 248-251
    • Altmann, J.1    Alberts, S.C.2    Roy, S.B.3
  • 6
    • 0002863829 scopus 로고
    • Ecological and social determinants of cercopithecine mating patterns
    • In: Rubenstein DI, Wrangham R (eds) Princeton University Press, Princeton
    • Andelman SJ (1986) Ecological and social determinants of cercopithecine mating patterns. In: Rubenstein DI, Wrangham R (eds) Ecological aspects of social evolution: Birds and mammals. Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp 201-216
    • (1986) Ecological Aspects of Social Evolution: Birds and Mammals , pp. 201-216
    • Andelman, S.J.1
  • 9
    • 0020918833 scopus 로고
    • Changes in chemical composition of food parts in the diet of colobus monkeys
    • Baranga D (1983) Changes in chemical composition of food parts in the diet of colobus monkeys. Ecology 64:668-673
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 668-673
    • Baranga, D.1
  • 10
    • 0036488134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraints on relationship formation among female primates
    • Barrett L, Henzi P (2002) Constraints on relationship formation among female primates. Behaviour 139:263-289
    • (2002) Behaviour , vol.139 , pp. 263-289
    • Barrett, L.1    Henzi, P.2
  • 11
    • 0005636336 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of female social relationships-Hanuman langurs (Presbytis-Entellus) and the Van Schaik model
    • Borries C (1993) Ecology of female social relationships-Hanuman langurs (Presbytis-Entellus) and the Van Schaik model. Folia Primatol 61:21-30
    • (1993) Folia Primatol , vol.61 , pp. 21-30
    • Borries, C.1
  • 12
    • 0030865530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infanticide in seasonally breeding multimale groups of Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) in Ramnagar (South Nepal)
    • Borries C (2000) Infanticide in seasonally breeding multimale groups of Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) in Ramnagar (South Nepal). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 41:139-150
    • (2000) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.41 , pp. 139-150
    • Borries, C.1
  • 13
    • 0002437436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infanticide in hanuman langurs: Social organization, male migration, and weaning age
    • In: van Schaik CP, Janson CH (eds) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Borries C, Koenig A (2000) Infanticide in hanuman langurs: Social organization, male migration, and weaning age. In: Van Schaik CP, Janson CH (eds) Infanticide by males and it implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 99-122
    • (2000) Infanticide By Males and It Implications , pp. 99-122
    • Borries, C.1    Koenig, A.2
  • 14
    • 56449087783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs of group size: Lower developmental and reproductive rates in larger groups of leaf monkeys
    • Borries C, Larney E, Lu A, Ossi K, Koenig A (2008) Costs of group size: lower developmental and reproductive rates in larger groups of leaf monkeys. Behav Ecol 19:1186-1194
    • (2008) Behav Ecol , vol.19 , pp. 1186-1194
    • Borries, C.1    Larney, E.2    Lu, A.3    Ossi, K.4    Koenig, A.5
  • 16
    • 4544248694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infanticide and infant defence by males-modelling the conditions in primate multi-male groups
    • Broom M, Borries C, Koenig A (2004) Infanticide and infant defence by males-modelling the conditions in primate multi-male groups. J Theor Biol 231:261-270
    • (2004) J Theor Biol , vol.231 , pp. 261-270
    • Broom, M.1    Borries, C.2    Koenig, A.3
  • 17
    • 0025671549 scopus 로고
    • Comparative ecology of blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) in high- and low-density sub-populations
    • Butynski TM (1990) Comparative ecology of blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) in high- and low-density sub-populations. Ecol Monogr 60:1-26
    • (1990) Ecol Monogr , vol.60 , pp. 1-26
    • Butynski, T.M.1
  • 18
    • 0037394990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female-directed aggression in free-ranging Ateles geoffroyi
    • Campbell CJ (2003) Female-directed aggression in free-ranging Ateles geoffroyi. Int J Primatol 24:223-237
    • (2003) Int J Primatol , vol.24 , pp. 223-237
    • Campbell, C.J.1
  • 19
    • 33845445813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lethal intragroup aggression by adult male spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
    • Campbell CJ (2006) Lethal intragroup aggression by adult male spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). Am J Primatol 68:1197-1201
    • (2006) Am J Primatol , vol.68 , pp. 1197-1201
    • Campbell, C.J.1
  • 20
    • 84940127942 scopus 로고
    • Flexibility in diets of three species of Costa Rican primates
    • Chapman CA (1987) Flexibility in diets of three species of Costa Rican primates. Folia Primatol (Basel) 49:90-105
    • (1987) Folia Primatol (Basel) , vol.49 , pp. 90-105
    • Chapman, C.A.1
  • 21
    • 0008631082 scopus 로고
    • Dietary Variability In Primate Populations
    • Chapman CA, Chapman LJ (1990) Dietary Variability In Primate Populations. Primates 31:121-128
    • (1990) Primates , vol.31 , pp. 121-128
    • Chapman, C.A.1    Chapman, L.J.2
  • 22
    • 0032993711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of small scale variation in ecological conditions for the diet and density of red colobus monkeys
    • Chapman CA, Chapman LJ (1999) Implications of small scale variation in ecological conditions for the diet and density of red colobus monkeys. Primates 40:215-231
    • (1999) Primates , vol.40 , pp. 215-231
    • Chapman, C.A.1    Chapman, L.J.2
  • 23
    • 0002548966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of group size in primates: The importance of travel costs
    • In: Boinski S, Garber PA (eds) University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Chapman CA, Chapman LJ (2000) Determinants of group size in primates: the importance of travel costs. In: Boinski S, Garber PA (eds) On the move: How and why animals travel in groups. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 24-41
    • (2000) On the Move: How and Why Animals Travel In Groups , pp. 24-41
    • Chapman, C.A.1    Chapman, L.J.2
  • 24
    • 0343652108 scopus 로고
    • Dietary differences between neighboring cebus monkey groups: Local traditions or responses to food availability?
    • Chapman CA, Fedigan LM (1990) Dietary differences between neighboring cebus monkey groups: Local traditions or responses to food availability? Folia Primatol 54:177-186
    • (1990) Folia Primatol , vol.54 , pp. 177-186
    • Chapman, C.A.1    Fedigan, L.M.2
  • 25
    • 0024882832 scopus 로고
    • Sex-ratio in primates - A test of the local resource competition hypothesis
    • Chapman CA, Chapman LJ, Richardson KS (1989a) Sex-ratio in primates - a test of the local resource competition hypothesis. Oikos 56:132-134
    • (1989) Oikos , vol.56 , pp. 132-134
    • Chapman, C.A.1    Chapman, L.J.2    Richardson, K.S.3
  • 26
    • 0024568461 scopus 로고
    • Post-weaning resource competition and sex-ratios in spider monkeys
    • Chapman CA, Fedigan LM, Fedigan L, Chapman LJ (1989b) Post-weaning resource competition and sex-ratios in spider monkeys. Oikos 54:315-319
    • (1989) Oikos , vol.54 , pp. 315-319
    • Chapman, C.A.1    Fedigan, L.M.2    Fedigan, L.3    Chapman, L.J.4
  • 27
    • 0028977606 scopus 로고
    • Ecological constraints on group size: An analysis of spider monkey and chimpanzee subgroups
    • Chapman CA, Wrangham RW, Chapman LJ (1995) Ecological constraints on group size: An analysis of spider monkey and chimpanzee subgroups. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 36:59-70
    • (1995) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.36 , pp. 59-70
    • Chapman, C.A.1    Wrangham, R.W.2    Chapman, L.J.3
  • 29
    • 0036198281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale issues in the study of primate foraging: Red colobus of Kibale National Park
    • Chapman CA, Chapman LJ, Gillespie TR (2002b) Scale issues in the study of primate foraging: Red colobus of Kibale National Park. Am J Phys Anthropol 117:349-363
    • (2002) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.117 , pp. 349-363
    • Chapman, C.A.1    Chapman, L.J.2    Gillespie, T.R.3
  • 30
    • 0003025493 scopus 로고
    • Predation
    • In: Smuts BB, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM, Wrangham RW, Struhsaker TT (eds) University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Cheney DL, Wrangham RW (1987) Predation. In: Smuts BB, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM, Wrangham RW, Struhsaker TT (eds) Primate Societies. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 227-239
    • (1987) Primate Societies , pp. 227-239
    • Cheney, D.L.1    Wrangham, R.W.2
  • 31
    • 0017808468 scopus 로고
    • Sex ratio and local resource competition in a prosimian primate
    • Clark AB (1978) Sex ratio and local resource competition in a prosimian primate. Science 201:163-165
    • (1978) Science , vol.201 , pp. 163-165
    • Clark, A.B.1
  • 33
    • 0003024213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infanticide in red howlers: Female group size, male membership, and a possible link to folivory
    • In: van Schaik CP, Janson CH (eds) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Crockett CM, Janson CH (2000) Infanticide in red howlers: Female group size, male membership, and a possible link to folivory. In: Van Schaik CP, Janson CH (eds) Infanticide by Males and its Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 75-98
    • (2000) Infanticide By Males and Its Implications , pp. 75-98
    • Crockett, C.M.1    Janson, C.H.2
  • 34
    • 0014021246 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of primate societies
    • Crook JH, Gartlan JS (1966) Evolution of primate societies. Nature 210:1200-1203
    • (1966) Nature , vol.210 , pp. 1200-1203
    • Crook, J.H.1    Gartlan, J.S.2
  • 35
    • 0032764267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of frugivory in three West African colobine monkeys
    • Davies AG, Oates JF, DaSilva GL (1999) Patterns of frugivory in three West African colobine monkeys. Int J Primatol 20:327-357
    • (1999) Int J Primatol , vol.20 , pp. 327-357
    • Davies, A.G.1    Oates, J.F.2    DaSilva, G.L.3
  • 36
    • 0942269017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetic approaches to the study of primate behavior, social organization, and reproduction
    • DiFiore A (2003) Molecular genetic approaches to the study of primate behavior, social organization, and reproduction. Yearb Phys Anthropol 46:62-99
    • (2003) Yearb Phys Anthropol , vol.46 , pp. 62-99
    • DiFiore, A.1
  • 37
    • 0027940361 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of social organization: A reappraisal for primates by using phylogenetic methods
    • DiFiore A, Rendall D (1994) Evolution of social organization: A reappraisal for primates by using phylogenetic methods. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:9941-9945
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 9941-9945
    • DiFiore, A.1    Rendall, D.2
  • 38
    • 0027065926 scopus 로고
    • Time: A hidden constraint on the behavioural ecology of baboons
    • Dunbar RIM (1992) Time: A hidden constraint on the behavioural ecology of baboons. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 31:35-49
    • (1992) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.31 , pp. 35-49
    • Dunbar, R.I.M.1
  • 39
    • 0000076670 scopus 로고
    • The relation between ecology and social structure in primates
    • Eisenberg JF, Muckenhirn NA, Rudran R (1972) The relation between ecology and social structure in primates. Science 176:863-874
    • (1972) Science , vol.176 , pp. 863-874
    • Eisenberg, J.F.1    Muckenhirn, N.A.2    Rudran, R.3
  • 40
    • 0017407477 scopus 로고
    • Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems
    • Emlen ST, Oring LW (1977) Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems. Science 197:215-223
    • (1977) Science , vol.197 , pp. 215-223
    • Emlen, S.T.1    Oring, L.W.2
  • 41
    • 33947142045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hylobatid communities: Changing views on pair bonding and social organization in hominoids
    • Fuentes A (2000) Hylobatid communities: Changing views on pair bonding and social organization in hominoids. Yearb Phys Anthropol 43:33-60
    • (2000) Yearb Phys Anthropol , vol.43 , pp. 33-60
    • Fuentes, A.1
  • 42
    • 0002451862 scopus 로고
    • Ecology and social variability in Cercopithecus aethiops and C. mitis
    • In: Jay P (ed) Hold, Rinehard, and Winston, New York
    • Gartlan JS, Brian CK (1968) Ecology and social variability in Cercopithecus aethiops and C. mitis. In: Jay P (ed) Primates. Hold, Rinehard, and Winston, New York, pp 253-292
    • (1968) Primates , pp. 253-292
    • Gartlan, J.S.1    Brian, C.K.2
  • 43
    • 0034829629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of group size in the red colobus monkey (Procolobus badius): An evaluation of the generality of the ecological-constraints model
    • Gillespie TR, Chapman CA (2001) Determinants of group size in the red colobus monkey (Procolobus badius): An evaluation of the generality of the ecological-constraints model. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 50:329-338
    • (2001) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.50 , pp. 329-338
    • Gillespie, T.R.1    Chapman, C.A.2
  • 46
    • 34250846375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in the diet and ranging behavior of black-and-white colobus monkeys: Implications for theory and conservation
    • Harris TR, Chapman CA (2007) Variation in the diet and ranging behavior of black-and-white colobus monkeys: Implications for theory and conservation. Primates 28:208-221
    • (2007) Primates , vol.28 , pp. 208-221
    • Harris, T.R.1    Chapman, C.A.2
  • 47
    • 38849108635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primate evolution
    • In: Campbell CJ, Fuentes A, MacKinnon KC, Panger M, Bearder SK (eds) Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Hartwig W (2007) Primate evolution. In: Campbell CJ, Fuentes A, MacKinnon KC, Panger M, Bearder SK (eds) Primates in perspective. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 11-22
    • (2007) Primates in Perspective , pp. 11-22
    • Hartwig, W.1
  • 48
    • 2142655889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary ecology, sexual conflict, and behavioural differentiation among baboon populations
    • Henzi P, Barrett L (2003) Evolutionary ecology, sexual conflict, and behavioural differentiation among baboon populations. Evol Anthropol 12:217-230
    • (2003) Evol Anthropol , vol.12 , pp. 217-230
    • Henzi, P.1    Barrett, L.2
  • 49
    • 15244356300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The historical socioecology of savanna baboons (Papio hamadryas)
    • Henzi SP, Barrett L (2005) The historical socioecology of savanna baboons (Papio hamadryas). J Zool 265:215-226
    • (2005) J Zool , vol.265 , pp. 215-226
    • Henzi, S.P.1    Barrett, L.2
  • 50
    • 0032801529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male behaviour and the evolutionary ecology of chacma baboons
    • Henzi P, Weingril T, Barrett L (1999) Male behaviour and the evolutionary ecology of chacma baboons. S Afr J Sci 95:240-242
    • (1999) S Afr J Sci , vol.95 , pp. 240-242
    • Henzi, P.1    Weingril, T.2    Barrett, L.3
  • 51
    • 84990168018 scopus 로고
    • Sudden short-term increase in mortality in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) due to leopard predation in Amboseli National Park, Kenya
    • Isbell LA (1990) Sudden short-term increase in mortality in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) due to leopard predation in Amboseli National Park, Kenya. Am J Primatol 21:41-52
    • (1990) Am J Primatol , vol.21 , pp. 41-52
    • Isbell, L.A.1
  • 52
    • 0026278780 scopus 로고
    • Contest and scramble competition: Patterns of female aggression and ranging behaviour among primates
    • Isbell LA (1991) Contest and scramble competition: Patterns of female aggression and ranging behaviour among primates. Behav Ecol 2:143-155
    • (1991) Behav Ecol , vol.2 , pp. 143-155
    • Isbell, L.A.1
  • 53
    • 0001946851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes and consequences of unusual sex ratios among lemurs
    • In: Kappeler PM (ed) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Kappeler PM (2000) Causes and consequences of unusual sex ratios among lemurs. In: Kappeler PM (ed) Primate males. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 55-63
    • (2000) Primate Males , pp. 55-63
    • Kappeler, P.M.1
  • 54
    • 0033885486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive regimes in forest-dwelling Hanuman langur females (Semnopithecus entellus)
    • Koenig A (2000) Competitive regimes in forest-dwelling Hanuman langur females (Semnopithecus entellus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 48:93-109
    • (2000) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.48 , pp. 93-109
    • Koenig, A.1
  • 55
    • 0035538468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioecology of Hanuman langurs: The story of their success
    • Koenig A, Borries C (2001) Socioecology of Hanuman langurs: The story of their success. Evol Anthropol 10:122-137
    • (2001) Evol Anthropol , vol.10 , pp. 122-137
    • Koenig, A.1    Borries, C.2
  • 56
    • 27644584817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding competition and infanticide constrain group size in wild hanuman langurs
    • Koenig A, Borries C (2002) Feeding competition and infanticide constrain group size in wild hanuman langurs. Am J Primatol 57:33-34
    • (2002) Am J Primatol , vol.57 , pp. 33-34
    • Koenig, A.1    Borries, C.2
  • 57
    • 34547258719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The predictive power of socioecological models: A reconsideration of resource characteristics, agonism and dominance hierarchies
    • In: Hohmann G, Robbins MM, Boesch C (eds) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Koenig A, Borries C (2006) The predictive power of socioecological models: A reconsideration of resource characteristics, agonism and dominance hierarchies. In: Hohmann G, Robbins MM, Boesch C (eds) Feeding ecology in apes and other primates. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 263-284
    • (2006) Feeding Ecology in Apes and Other Primates , pp. 263-284
    • Koenig, A.1    Borries, C.2
  • 58
    • 0031966973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When females should contest for food-testing hypotheses about resource density, distribution, size and quality with Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus)
    • Koenig A, Beise J, Chalise MK, Ganzhorn JU (1998) When females should contest for food-testing hypotheses about resource density, distribution, size and quality with Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 42:225-237
    • (1998) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.42 , pp. 225-237
    • Koenig, A.1    Beise, J.2    Chalise, M.K.3    Ganzhorn, J.U.4
  • 59
    • 0036462340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How adaptive or phylogenetically inert is primate social behaviour? A test with two sympatric colobines
    • Korstjens AH, Sterck EHM, Noe R (2002) How adaptive or phylogenetically inert is primate social behaviour? A test with two sympatric colobines. Behaviour 139:203-225
    • (2002) Behaviour , vol.139 , pp. 203-225
    • Korstjens, A.H.1    Sterck, E.H.M.2    Noe, R.3
  • 61
    • 34547728259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time constraints limit group sizes and distribution in red and black-and-white colobus
    • Korstjens AH, Dunbar RIM (2007) Time constraints limit group sizes and distribution in red and black-and-white colobus. Int J Primatol 28:551-575
    • (2007) Int J Primatol , vol.28 , pp. 551-575
    • Korstjens, A.H.1    Dunbar, R.I.M.2
  • 62
    • 0012124827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resource switching in guenons: A community analysis of dietary flexibility
    • In: Glenn M, Cords M (eds) Kluwer, New York
    • Lambert JE (2002) Resource switching in guenons: A community analysis of dietary flexibility. In: GlennDM, Cords M (eds) The guenons: diversity and adaptation in African monkeys. Kluwer, New York, pp 303-317
    • (2002) The Guenons: Diversity and Adaptation in African Monkeys , pp. 303-317
    • Lambert, J.E.1
  • 63
    • 15244349408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monkey abundance and social structure in two high-elevation forest reserves in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania
    • Marshall AR, Topp-Jorgensen JE, Brink H, Fanning E (2005) Monkey abundance and social structure in two high-elevation forest reserves in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. Int J Primatol 26:127-145
    • (2005) Int J Primatol , vol.26 , pp. 127-145
    • Marshall, A.R.1    Topp-Jorgensen, J.E.2    Brink, H.3    Fanning, E.4
  • 64
    • 0033006106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of "egalitarian" and "despotic" social systems among macaques
    • Matsumura S (1999) The evolution of "egalitarian" and "despotic" social systems among macaques. Primates 40:23-31
    • (1999) Primates , vol.40 , pp. 23-31
    • Matsumura, S.1
  • 65
    • 51249182790 scopus 로고
    • Habitat, diet and activity patterns of free-ranging woolly spider monkeys (Brachyteles arachnoides E. Geoffroy 1806)
    • Milton K (1984) Habitat, diet and activity patterns of free-ranging woolly spider monkeys (Brachyteles arachnoides E. Geoffroy 1806). Int J Primatol 5:491-514
    • (1984) Int J Primatol , vol.5 , pp. 491-514
    • Milton, K.1
  • 66
    • 0035154455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predatory behavior of crowned hawk-eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) in Kibale National Park, Uganda
    • Mitani JC, Sanders WJ, Lwanga JS, Windfelder TL (2001) Predatory behavior of crowned hawk-eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 49:187-195
    • (2001) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.49 , pp. 187-195
    • Mitani, J.C.1    Sanders, W.J.2    Lwanga, J.S.3    Windfelder, T.L.4
  • 67
    • 0001778931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Savanna chimpanzees, referential models and the last common ancestor
    • In: McGrew WC, Marchant LF, Nishida T (eds) University of Cambridge Press, Cambridge
    • Moore J (1996) Savanna chimpanzees, referential models and the last common ancestor. In: McGrew WC, Marchant LF, Nishida T (eds) Great ape societies. University of Cambridge Press, Cambridge, pp 275-292
    • (1996) Great Ape Societies , pp. 275-292
    • Moore, J.1
  • 68
    • 0031683858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological determinants of the behavior and social structure of Japanese monkeys: A synthesis
    • Nakagawa N (1998) Ecological determinants of the behavior and social structure of Japanese monkeys: A synthesis. Primates 39:375-383
    • (1998) Primates , vol.39 , pp. 375-383
    • Nakagawa, N.1
  • 69
    • 52449100372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Despotic wild patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Kala Maloue, Cameroon
    • Nakagawa N (2008) Despotic wild patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Kala Maloue, Cameroon. Am J Primatol 70:238-246
    • (2008) Am J Primatol , vol.70 , pp. 238-246
    • Nakagawa, N.1
  • 70
    • 0033016002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The number of males in primate social groups: A comparative test of the socioecological model
    • Nunn CL (1999) The number of males in primate social groups: A comparative test of the socioecological model. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 46:1-13
    • (1999) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.46 , pp. 1-13
    • Nunn, C.L.1
  • 71
    • 0042475741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in adult group compositions of a prosimian primate
    • Pochron ST, Wright PC (2003) Variability in adult group compositions of a prosimian primate. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 54:285-293
    • (2003) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.54 , pp. 285-293
    • Pochron, S.T.1    Wright, P.C.2
  • 72
    • 0001394740 scopus 로고
    • Effects of demographic change on group kin structure and gene dynamics of populations of red howling monkeys
    • Pope TR (1991) Effects of demographic change on group kin structure and gene dynamics of populations of red howling monkeys. J Mammal 79:692-712
    • (1991) J Mammal , vol.79 , pp. 692-712
    • Pope, T.R.1
  • 73
    • 34247565943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homoplasy, homology, and the perceived special status of behavior in evolution
    • Rendall D, DiFiore A (2007) Homoplasy, homology, and the perceived special status of behavior in evolution. J Hum Evol 52:504-521
    • (2007) J Hum Evol , vol.52 , pp. 504-521
    • Rendall, D.1    DiFiore, A.2
  • 74
    • 0016295622 scopus 로고
    • Intra-specific variation in the social organization and ecology of Propithecus verreauxi
    • Richards AF (1974) Intra-specific variation in the social organization and ecology of Propithecus verreauxi. Folia Primatol (Basel) 22:172-207
    • (1974) Folia Primatol (Basel) , vol.22 , pp. 172-207
    • Richards, A.F.1
  • 75
    • 59149098960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A demographic analysis of male life history and social structure of mountain gorillas
    • Robbins MM (2001) A demographic analysis of male life history and social structure of mountain gorillas. Behaviour 131:21-47
    • (2001) Behaviour , vol.131 , pp. 21-47
    • Robbins, M.M.1
  • 76
    • 0006560394 scopus 로고
    • Group-size and stability - Why do gibbons and spider monkeys differ
    • Robbins D, Chapman CA, Wrangham RW (1991) Group-size and stability - why do gibbons and spider monkeys differ. Primates 32:301-305
    • (1991) Primates , vol.32 , pp. 301-305
    • Robbins, D.1    Chapman, C.A.2    Wrangham, R.W.3
  • 78
    • 26444565673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-forest comparison of dietary preferences and seed dispersal by Ateles spp
    • Russo SE, Campbell CL, Dew JL, Stevenson PR, Suarez SA (2005) A multi-forest comparison of dietary preferences and seed dispersal by Ateles spp. Int J Primatol 26:1017-1037
    • (2005) Int J Primatol , vol.26 , pp. 1017-1037
    • Russo, S.E.1    Campbell, C.L.2    Dew, J.L.3    Stevenson, P.R.4    Suarez, S.A.5
  • 79
    • 40549123986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chimpanzee has no clothes - A critical examination of pan troglodytes in models of human evolution
    • Sayer K, Lovejoy CO (2008) The chimpanzee has no clothes - a critical examination of pan troglodytes in models of human evolution. Curr Anthropol 49:87-114
    • (2008) Curr Anthropol , vol.49 , pp. 87-114
    • Sayer, K.1    Lovejoy, C.O.2
  • 80
    • 4344672082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth sex ratio and social rank: Consistency and variability within and between primate groups
    • Shino G (2004) Birth sex ratio and social rank: Consistency and variability within and between primate groups. Behav Ecol 15:850-856
    • (2004) Behav Ecol , vol.15 , pp. 850-856
    • Shino, G.1
  • 81
    • 1842451427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A community-level evaluation of the impact of prey behavioural and ecological characteristics on predator diet composition
    • Shultz S, Noe R, McGraw WS, Dunbar RIM (2004) A community-level evaluation of the impact of prey behavioural and ecological characteristics on predator diet composition. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 271:725-732
    • (2004) Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.271 , pp. 725-732
    • Shultz, S.1    Noe, R.2    McGraw, W.S.3    Dunbar, R.I.M.4
  • 82
    • 45249116974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local resource competition and local resource enhancement shape primate birth sex ratios
    • Silk JB, Brown GR (2008) Local resource competition and local resource enhancement shape primate birth sex ratios. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 275:1761-1765
    • (2008) Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.275 , pp. 1761-1765
    • Silk, J.B.1    Brown, G.R.2
  • 83
    • 17644375467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not in their genes: Phenotypic flexibility, behavioural traits, and cultural evolution
    • Sinha A (2005) Not in their genes: Phenotypic flexibility, behavioural traits, and cultural evolution. J Biosci 30:51-64
    • (2005) J Biosci , vol.30 , pp. 51-64
    • Sinha, A.1
  • 84
    • 17644409170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological proposes, behaviour disposes: Ecological variability in social organization and male behavioural strategies among wild bonnet macaques
    • Sinha A, Mukhopadhyay K, Data-Roy A, Ram S (2005) Ecological proposes, behaviour disposes: Ecological variability in social organization and male behavioural strategies among wild bonnet macaques. Curr Sci 89:1166-1179
    • (2005) Curr Sci , vol.89 , pp. 1166-1179
    • Sinha, A.1    Mukhopadhyay, K.2    Data-Roy, A.3    Ram, S.4
  • 85
    • 27644495910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards an ecological solution to the folivore paradox: Patch depletion as an indicator of within-group scramble competition in red colobus
    • Snaith TV, Chapman CA (2005) Towards an ecological solution to the folivore paradox: Patch depletion as an indicator of within-group scramble competition in red colobus. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 25:185-190
    • (2005) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.25 , pp. 185-190
    • Snaith, T.V.1    Chapman, C.A.2
  • 86
    • 34547248644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primate group size and socioecological models: Do folivores really play by different rules?
    • Snaith TV, Chapman CA (2007) Primate group size and socioecological models: Do folivores really play by different rules? Evol Anthropol 16:94-106
    • (2007) Evol Anthropol , vol.16 , pp. 94-106
    • Snaith, T.V.1    Chapman, C.A.2
  • 87
    • 56449119330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Red colobus monkeys display alternative behavioural responses to the costs of scramble competition
    • Snaith TV, Chapman CA (2008) Red colobus monkeys display alternative behavioural responses to the costs of scramble competition. Behav Ecol 19:1289-1296
    • (2008) Behav Ecol , vol.19 , pp. 1289-1296
    • Snaith, T.V.1    Chapman, C.A.2
  • 88
    • 0035154362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition and group size in Thomas's langurs (Presbytis thomasi): The folivore paradox revisited
    • Steenbeek R, van Schaik CP (2001) Competition and group size in Thomas's langurs (Presbytis thomasi): The folivore paradox revisited. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 49:100-110
    • (2001) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.49 , pp. 100-110
    • Steenbeek, R.1    van Schaik, C.P.2
  • 89
    • 0030828531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates
    • Sterck EHM, Watts DP, van Schaik CP (1997) The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 41:291-309
    • (1997) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.41 , pp. 291-309
    • Sterck, E.H.M.1    Watts, D.P.2    van Schaik, C.P.3
  • 90
    • 0034504462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding rates and daily path range of the Colombian wooly monkeys as evidence for between- and within-group competition
    • Stevenson PR, Castellanos MC (2000) Feeding rates and daily path range of the Colombian wooly monkeys as evidence for between- and within-group competition. Folia Primatol 71:399-408
    • (2000) Folia Primatol , vol.71 , pp. 399-408
    • Stevenson, P.R.1    Castellanos, M.C.2
  • 91
    • 0037352664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primate behavioral ecology: From ethnography to ethology and back
    • Strier KB (2003) Primate behavioral ecology: From ethnography to ethology and back. Am Anthropol 105:16-27
    • (2003) Am Anthropol , vol.105 , pp. 16-27
    • Strier, K.B.1
  • 92
    • 59149091283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeing the forest through the seeds: Mechanisms of primate behavioral diversity from individuals to populations and beyond
    • (in press)
    • Strier KB (2008) Seeing the forest through the seeds: Mechanisms of primate behavioral diversity from individuals to populations and beyond. Curr Anthropol (in press)
    • (2008) Curr Anthropol
    • Strier, K.B.1
  • 93
    • 0014451082 scopus 로고
    • Correlates of ecology and social organization among African cercopithecines
    • Struhsaker TT (1969) Correlates of ecology and social organization among African cercopithecines. Folia Primatol (Basel) 11:80-118
    • (1969) Folia Primatol (Basel) , vol.11 , pp. 80-118
    • Struhsaker, T.T.1
  • 96
    • 0001082703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in adult sex ratios of red colobus monkey social groups: Implications for interspecific comparisons
    • In: Kappeler PM (ed) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Struhsaker TT (2000) Variation in adult sex ratios of red colobus monkey social groups: Implications for interspecific comparisons. In: Kappeler PM (ed) Primate males: Causes and consequences of variation in group composition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 108-119
    • (2000) Primate Males: Causes and Consequences of Variation in Group Composition , pp. 108-119
    • Struhsaker, T.T.1
  • 97
    • 40549097500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic variability in monkeys: Implication for theory and conservation
    • Struhsaker TT (2008) Demographic variability in monkeys: Implication for theory and conservation. Int J Primatol 28:19-34
    • (2008) Int J Primatol , vol.28 , pp. 19-34
    • Struhsaker, T.T.1
  • 98
    • 0001309749 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the behavior and ecology of red colobus and black-and-white colobus monkeys in Uganda: A summary
    • In: Tuttle RH (ed) Mouton, The Hague
    • Struhsaker TT, Oates JF (1975) Comparison of the behavior and ecology of red colobus and black-and-white colobus monkeys in Uganda: A summary. In: Tuttle RH (ed) Socio-ecology and psychology of primates. Mouton, The Hague, pp 103-123
    • (1975) Socio-ecology and Psychology Of Primates , pp. 103-123
    • Struhsaker, T.T.1    Oates, J.F.2
  • 99
    • 77956727163 scopus 로고
    • Socioecology of five sympatric monkey species in the Kibale Forest, Uganda
    • Struhsaker TT, Leland L (1979) Socioecology of five sympatric monkey species in the Kibale Forest, Uganda. Adv Study Behav 9:159-228
    • (1979) Adv Study Behav , vol.9 , pp. 159-228
    • Struhsaker, T.T.1    Leland, L.2
  • 100
    • 0003024253 scopus 로고
    • Colobines: Infanticide by adult males
    • In: Smuts BB, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM, Wrangham RW, Struhsaker TT (eds) University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Struhsaker TT, Leland L (1987) Colobines: Infanticide by adult males. In: Smuts BB, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM, Wrangham RW, Struhsaker TT (eds) Primate Societies. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 83-97
    • (1987) Primate Societies , pp. 83-97
    • Struhsaker, T.T.1    Leland, L.2
  • 101
    • 0025680638 scopus 로고
    • Prey selectivity by crowned hawk-eagles on monkeys in the Kibale Forest, Uganda
    • Struhsaker TT, Leakey M (1990) Prey selectivity by crowned hawk-eagles on monkeys in the Kibale Forest, Uganda. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 26:435-443
    • (1990) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.26 , pp. 435-443
    • Struhsaker, T.T.1    Leakey, M.2
  • 102
    • 0002427599 scopus 로고
    • Fission-fusion social organization in Ateles and Pan
    • Symington M (1990) Fission-fusion social organization in Ateles and Pan. Int J Primatol 11:47-61
    • (1990) Int J Primatol , vol.11 , pp. 47-61
    • Symington, M.1
  • 103
    • 37549021861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of chimpanzee predation on the red colobus population at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda
    • Teelen S (2008) Influence of chimpanzee predation on the red colobus population at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Primates 49:41-49
    • (2008) Primates , vol.49 , pp. 41-49
    • Teelen, S.1
  • 105
  • 106
    • 0033852173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of phylogeny on the social behaviour of macaques: (Primates: Cercopithecidae, genus Macaca)
    • Thierry B, Iwaniuk AN, Pellis SM (2000) The influence of phylogeny on the social behaviour of macaques: (Primates: Cercopithecidae, genus Macaca). Ethology 106:713-728
    • (2000) Ethology , vol.106 , pp. 713-728
    • Thierry, B.1    Iwaniuk, A.N.2    Pellis, S.M.3
  • 107
    • 0029660517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conspecific threat, predation avoidance, and resource defense: Implications for grouping in langurs
    • Treves A, Chapman CA (1996) Conspecific threat, predation avoidance, and resource defense: Implications for grouping in langurs. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 39:43-53
    • (1996) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.39 , pp. 43-53
    • Treves, A.1    Chapman, C.A.2
  • 108
    • 85068409711 scopus 로고
    • Parental investment and sexual selection
    • In: Campbell B (ed) Aldine, New York
    • Trivers RL (1972) Parental investment and sexual selection. In: Campbell B (ed) Sexual selection and the descent of man 1871-1971. Aldine, New York, pp 136-175
    • (1972) Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man 1871-1971 , pp. 136-175
    • Trivers, R.L.1
  • 109
    • 0002901195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ranging and social structure of lowland gorillas in the Lope Reserve, Gabon
    • In: McGrew WC, Marchant LF, Nishida T (eds) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Tutin CG (1996) Ranging and social structure of lowland gorillas in the Lope Reserve, Gabon. In: McGrew WC, Marchant LF, Nishida T (eds) Great ape societies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 58-70
    • (1996) Great Ape Societies , pp. 58-70
    • Tutin, C.G.1
  • 110
    • 35648988753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does the golden monkey of the Virungas cope in a fruit scarce environment
    • In: Newton-Fisher N, Notman H, Reynolds V, Patterson JD (eds) Springer, New York
    • Twinomugisha D, Chapman CA, Lawes MJ, Worman C, Danish L (2006) How does the golden monkey of the Virungas cope in a fruit scarce environment. In: Newton-Fisher N, Notman H, Reynolds V, Patterson JD (eds) Primates of Western Uganda. Springer, New York, pp 45-60
    • (2006) Primates of Western Uganda , pp. 45-60
    • Twinomugisha, D.1    Chapman, C.A.2    Lawes, M.J.3    Worman, C.4    Danish, L.5
  • 112
    • 34548616737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic features of Alouatta pigra populations in extensive and fragmented forests
    • In: Estrada A, Garber PA, Pavelka MSM, Luecke L (eds) Springer, New York
    • van Belle S, Estrada A (2006) Demographic features of Alouatta pigra populations in extensive and fragmented forests. In: Estrada A, Garber PA, Pavelka MSM, Luecke L (eds) New perspectives in the study of Mesoamerican primates. Springer, New York, pp 121-142
    • (2006) New Perspectives in the Study of Mesoamerican Primates , pp. 121-142
    • van Belle, S.1    Estrada, A.2
  • 113
    • 0020860209 scopus 로고
    • Why are diurnal primates living in groups?
    • van Schaik CP (1983) Why are diurnal primates living in groups? Behaviour 87:120-144
    • (1983) Behaviour , vol.87 , pp. 120-144
    • van Schaik, C.P.1
  • 114
    • 0002323847 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of social relationships amongst female primates
    • In: Standen V, Foley RA (eds) Blackwell Scientific, Boston
    • van Schaik CP (1989) The ecology of social relationships amongst female primates. In: Standen V, Foley RA (eds) ComparTtive socioecology: the behavioural ecology of humans and other mammals. Blackwell Scientific, Boston, pp 195-218
    • (1989) Comparative Socioecology: The Behavioural Ecology of Humans and Other Mammals , pp. 195-218
    • van Schaik, C.P.1
  • 115
    • 0020864299 scopus 로고
    • On the ultimate causes of primate social systems
    • van Schaik CP, van Hooff JARAM (1983) On the ultimate causes of primate social systems. Behaviour 85:91-117
    • (1983) Behaviour , vol.85 , pp. 91-117
    • van Schaik, C.P.1    van Hooff, J.A.R.A.M.2
  • 116
    • 0024903273 scopus 로고
    • The special role of male Cebus monkeys in predation avoidance and its effect of group composition
    • van Schaik CP, van Noordwijk MA (1989) The special role of male Cebus monkeys in predation avoidance and its effect of group composition. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 24:265-276
    • (1989) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.24 , pp. 265-276
    • van Schaik, C.P.1    van Noordwijk, M.A.2
  • 117
    • 0001250610 scopus 로고
    • Mating systems and ecology
    • In: Krebs JR, Davies NB (eds) 2nd edn. Sinauer and Associates, London
    • Vehrencamp SL, Bradbury JW (1978) Mating systems and ecology. In: Krebs JR, Davies NB (eds) Behavioural ecology: An evolutionary approach, 2nd edn. Sinauer and Associates, London, pp 251-278
    • (1978) Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach , pp. 251-278
    • Vehrencamp, S.L.1    Bradbury, J.W.2
  • 118
    • 3442891270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracommunity Coalitionary Killing of An Adult Male Chimpanzee at Ngogo Kibale National Park, Uganda
    • Watts DP (2004) Intracommunity coalitionary killing of an adult male chimpanzee at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Int J Primatol 25:507-521
    • (2004) Int J Primatol , vol.25 , pp. 507-521
    • Watts, D.P.1
  • 119
    • 0036148036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hunting behavior of chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda
    • Watts DP, Mitani JC (2002) Hunting behavior of chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Int J Primatol 23:1-28
    • (2002) Int J Primatol , vol.23 , pp. 1-28
    • Watts, D.P.1    Mitani, J.C.2
  • 120
    • 3442886892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New cases on intergroup violence among chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania
    • Wilson ML, Wallauer WR, Pusey AE (2004) New cases on intergroup violence among chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Int J Primatol 25:523-549
    • (2004) Int J Primatol , vol.25 , pp. 523-549
    • Wilson, M.L.1    Wallauer, W.R.2    Pusey, A.E.3
  • 121
    • 0019232461 scopus 로고
    • An ecological model of female-bonded primate groups
    • Wrangham RW (1980) An ecological model of female-bonded primate groups. Behaviour 75:262-300
    • (1980) Behaviour , vol.75 , pp. 262-300
    • Wrangham, R.W.1
  • 122
    • 0027808246 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on group size in primates and carnivores: Population density estimates and day-range as assays of exploitation competition
    • Wrangham RW, Gittleman JL, Chapman CA (1993) Constraints on group size in primates and carnivores: Population density estimates and day-range as assays of exploitation competition. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 32:199-209
    • (1993) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.32 , pp. 199-209
    • Wrangham, R.W.1    Gittleman, J.L.2    Chapman, C.A.3
  • 123
    • 31144464829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative rates of violence in chimpanzees and humans
    • Wrangham RW, Wilson ML, Muller MN (2006) Comparative rates of violence in chimpanzees and humans. Primates 47:17-26
    • (2006) Primates , vol.47 , pp. 17-26
    • Wrangham, R.W.1    Wilson, M.L.2    Muller, M.N.3
  • 124
    • 0033299082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lemur traits and Madagascar ecology: Coping with an island environment
    • Wright PC (1999) Lemur traits and Madagascar ecology: Coping with an island environment. Yearb Phys Anthropol 43:31-72
    • (1999) Yearb Phys Anthropol , vol.43 , pp. 31-72
    • Wright, P.C.1
  • 125
    • 0001187367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific variation in the social organization of Japanese macaques: Past and present scope of field studies in natural habitats
    • Yamagiwa J, Hill DA (1998) Intraspecific variation in the social organization of Japanese macaques: Past and present scope of field studies in natural habitats. Primates 39:257-273
    • (1998) Primates , vol.39 , pp. 257-273
    • Yamagiwa, J.1    Hill, D.A.2
  • 126
    • 0031849953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asian colobine social structure: Ecological and evolutionary constraints
    • Yeager CP, Kirkpatrick CR (1998) Asian colobine social structure: ecological and evolutionary constraints. Primates 39:147-155
    • (1998) Primates , vol.39 , pp. 147-155
    • Yeager, C.P.1    Kirkpatrick, C.R.2
  • 127
    • 23244462466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpopulation differences in exudate feeding of pygmy marmosets in Ecuadorian Amazonia/
    • Yepez P, Torres S, Snowdon CT (2005) Interpopulation differences in exudate feeding of pygmy marmosets in Ecuadorian Amazonia. Am J Primatol 66:145-158
    • (2005) Am J Primatol , vol.66 , pp. 145-158
    • Yepez, P.1    Torres, S.2    Snowdon, C.T.3
  • 128
    • 34948823246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extra-large clusters formation by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) on Shodoshima Island, central Japan and related factors
    • Zhang P, Watanabe K (2007) Extra-large clusters formation by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) on Shodoshima Island, central Japan and related factors. Am J Primatol 69:1119-1130
    • (2007) Am J Primatol , vol.69 , pp. 1119-1130
    • Zhang, P.1    Watanabe, K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.