-
1
-
-
38349053744
-
-
De Rose E. Doping in athletes - an update. Clin Sports Med. 2008;27:107-130.
-
De Rose E. Doping in athletes - an update. Clin Sports Med. 2008;27:107-130.
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
38149078046
-
Supplements and the endocrine system in athletes
-
Di Luigi L. Supplements and the endocrine system in athletes. Clin Sports Med. 2008;27:131-151.
-
(2008)
Clin Sports Med
, vol.27
, pp. 131-151
-
-
Di Luigi, L.1
-
3
-
-
33645999949
-
Anabolic androgenic steroids: A survey of 500 users
-
Parkinson A, Evans N. Anabolic androgenic steroids: a survey of 500 users. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006; 38:644-651.
-
(2006)
Med Sci Sports Exerc
, vol.38
, pp. 644-651
-
-
Parkinson, A.1
Evans, N.2
-
4
-
-
0003658008
-
-
National Institutes of Health, Available at:, Accessed November 22, 2008
-
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Monitoring the future. National results on adolescent drug use. Overview of key findings. National Institutes of Health. 2007. Available at: http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/ monographs/overview2007.pdf. Accessed November 22, 2008.
-
(2007)
Monitoring the future. National results on adolescent drug use. Overview of key findings
-
-
-
5
-
-
44849126211
-
-
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth risk behavior surveillance-United States, 2007. MMWR. 2008;57 (SS-4). Available at http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/pdf/yrbss07-mmwr.pdf. Accessed November 22, 2008.
-
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth risk behavior surveillance-United States, 2007. MMWR. 2008;57 (SS-4). Available at http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/pdf/yrbss07-mmwr.pdf. Accessed November 22, 2008.
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
38049093844
-
Nutritional supplementation and anabolic steroid use in adolescents
-
Hoffman J, Faigenbaum A, Ratamess NA, et al. Nutritional supplementation and anabolic steroid use in adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40:15-24.
-
(2008)
Med Sci Sports Exerc
, vol.40
, pp. 15-24
-
-
Hoffman, J.1
Faigenbaum, A.2
Ratamess, N.A.3
-
7
-
-
0032062924
-
Anabolic steroid use by male and female middle school students
-
Faigenbaum A, Zaichkowsky L, Gardner DE, et al. Anabolic steroid use by male and female middle school students. Pediatrics. 1998;101:E6.
-
(1998)
Pediatrics
, vol.101
-
-
Faigenbaum, A.1
Zaichkowsky, L.2
Gardner, D.E.3
-
8
-
-
33645017344
-
Popular ergogenic drugs and supplements in young athletes
-
Calfee R, Fadale P. Popular ergogenic drugs and supplements in young athletes. Pediatrics. 2006;117:e577-589.
-
(2006)
Pediatrics
, vol.117
-
-
Calfee, R.1
Fadale, P.2
-
9
-
-
4143141940
-
Ergogenic aids: A review of basic science, performance, side effects, and status in sports
-
Tokish J, Kocher M, Hawkins R. Ergogenic aids: a review of basic science, performance, side effects, and status in sports. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:1543-1553.
-
(2004)
Am J Sports Med
, vol.32
, pp. 1543-1553
-
-
Tokish, J.1
Kocher, M.2
Hawkins, R.3
-
10
-
-
8944233864
-
The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men
-
Bhasin S, Storer TW, Berman N, et al. The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1-7.
-
(1996)
N Engl J Med
, vol.335
, pp. 1-7
-
-
Bhasin, S.1
Storer, T.W.2
Berman, N.3
-
11
-
-
58549107057
-
-
McDevitt E. Ergogenic drugs in sports. DeLee & Drez's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Philadelphia: Elsevier Science; 2003:471-483.
-
McDevitt E. Ergogenic drugs in sports. DeLee & Drez's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Philadelphia: Elsevier Science; 2003:471-483.
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
0023226702
-
Adverse effects of anabolic steroids in athletes
-
Kibble M, Ross M. Adverse effects of anabolic steroids in athletes. Clin Pharmpoe. 1987;6:686-692.
-
(1987)
Clin Pharmpoe
, vol.6
, pp. 686-692
-
-
Kibble, M.1
Ross, M.2
-
13
-
-
0036241360
-
Anabolic steroids: A review for the clinician
-
Kutscher EC, Lund BC, Perry PJ. Anabolic steroids: a review for the clinician. Sports Med. 2002;32:285-296.
-
(2002)
Sports Med
, vol.32
, pp. 285-296
-
-
Kutscher, E.C.1
Lund, B.C.2
Perry, P.J.3
-
14
-
-
0032985748
-
Steroids and steroid-like compounds
-
Blue JG, Lombardo JA. Steroids and steroid-like compounds. Clin Sports Med. 1999;18:667-689.
-
(1999)
Clin Sports Med
, vol.18
, pp. 667-689
-
-
Blue, J.G.1
Lombardo, J.A.2
-
15
-
-
0027399447
-
Cardiovascular toxicity of anabolic steroids
-
Rockhold R. Cardiovascular toxicity of anabolic steroids. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1993;33:497-520.
-
(1993)
Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol
, vol.33
, pp. 497-520
-
-
Rockhold, R.1
-
16
-
-
0034101625
-
Increased premature mortality of competitive power lifters suspected to have used anabolic agents
-
Parssinen M, Kujale U, Vartainen E, et al. Increased premature mortality of competitive power lifters suspected to have used anabolic agents. Int J Sports Med. 2000;21:225-227.
-
(2000)
Int J Sports Med
, vol.21
, pp. 225-227
-
-
Parssinen, M.1
Kujale, U.2
Vartainen, E.3
-
17
-
-
0029969703
-
Serious cardiovascular side effects of large doses of anabolic steroids in weight lifters
-
Nieminen MS, Ramo MP, Viitasalo M, et al. Serious cardiovascular side effects of large doses of anabolic steroids in weight lifters. Eur Heart J. 1996;17:1576-1583.
-
(1996)
Eur Heart J
, vol.17
, pp. 1576-1583
-
-
Nieminen, M.S.1
Ramo, M.P.2
Viitasalo, M.3
-
18
-
-
0036176027
-
Steroid use and long-term health risks in former athletes
-
Parssinen M, Seppala T. Steroid use and long-term health risks in former athletes. Sports Med. 2002;32:83-94.
-
(2002)
Sports Med
, vol.32
, pp. 83-94
-
-
Parssinen, M.1
Seppala, T.2
-
19
-
-
25844494163
-
Cardiovascular toxicities of performance-enhancing substances in sports
-
Dhar R, Stout W, Link MS, et al. Cardiovascular toxicities of performance-enhancing substances in sports. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005;80:1307-1315.
-
(2005)
Mayo Clin Proc
, vol.80
, pp. 1307-1315
-
-
Dhar, R.1
Stout, W.2
Link, M.S.3
-
20
-
-
0029156686
-
Cardiovascular effects of androgenic anabolic steroids
-
Melchert RB, Welder AA. Cardiovascular effects of androgenic anabolic steroids. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27:1252-1262.
-
(1995)
Med Sci Sports Exerc
, vol.27
, pp. 1252-1262
-
-
Melchert, R.B.1
Welder, A.A.2
-
22
-
-
33646009789
-
Tetrahydrogestrinone: The discovery of a designer steroid
-
Malvey T, Armsey T. Tetrahydrogestrinone: the discovery of a designer steroid. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2005;4:227-230.
-
(2005)
Curr Sports Med Rep
, vol.4
, pp. 227-230
-
-
Malvey, T.1
Armsey, T.2
-
23
-
-
4143062393
-
Tainted glory - doping and athletic performance
-
Noakes TD. Tainted glory - doping and athletic performance. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:847-849.
-
(2004)
N Engl J Med
, vol.351
, pp. 847-849
-
-
Noakes, T.D.1
-
24
-
-
33646690512
-
Designer steroids: Past, present and future
-
Fourcroy J. Designer steroids: past, present and future. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2006;13:306-309.
-
(2006)
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes
, vol.13
, pp. 306-309
-
-
Fourcroy, J.1
-
26
-
-
58549088032
-
-
Questions and Answers. Androstenedione. March 11, Available at:, Accessed November 22, 2008
-
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Food and Drug Administration. Questions and Answers. Androstenedione. March 11, 2004. Available at: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/androqa.html. Accessed November 22, 2008.
-
(2004)
-
-
-
27
-
-
0033055713
-
Effect of oral andrastenedione on serum testosterone & adaptations to resistance training in young men. A randomized control trial
-
King DS, Sharp RL, Vukovich MD, et al. Effect of oral andrastenedione on serum testosterone & adaptations to resistance training in young men. A randomized control trial. JAMA. 1999;281:2020-2028.
-
(1999)
JAMA
, vol.281
, pp. 2020-2028
-
-
King, D.S.1
Sharp, R.L.2
Vukovich, M.D.3
-
28
-
-
0034645448
-
The Andre project. Physiological & hormonal influences of andrastenedione supplement in men 35 to 65 years old participating in a high-intensity resistance training program
-
Breeder C, Quindry J, Brittingham K, et al. The Andre project. Physiological & hormonal influences of andrastenedione supplement in men 35 to 65 years old participating in a high-intensity resistance training program. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:3093-3104.
-
(2000)
Arch Intern Med
, vol.160
, pp. 3093-3104
-
-
Breeder, C.1
Quindry, J.2
Brittingham, K.3
-
29
-
-
0033960461
-
Oral andrastenedione administration and serum testosterone concentrations in young men
-
Leder B, Longcope C, Catlin DH, et al. Oral andrastenedione administration and serum testosterone concentrations in young men. JAMA. 2000;283:779-782.
-
(2000)
JAMA
, vol.283
, pp. 779-782
-
-
Leder, B.1
Longcope, C.2
Catlin, D.H.3
-
30
-
-
0043268872
-
Anabolic-androgenic steroids and related substances
-
Yesalis C, Bahrke M. Anabolic-androgenic steroids and related substances. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2002;1:246-252.
-
(2002)
Curr Sports Med Rep
, vol.1
, pp. 246-252
-
-
Yesalis, C.1
Bahrke, M.2
-
31
-
-
0031732821
-
Oral dehydroepiandrosterone for adrenal androgen replacement: Pharmacokinetics and peripheral conversion to androgens and estrogens in young healthy females after dexamethasone suppression
-
Arlt W, Justl HG, Callies F, et al. Oral dehydroepiandrosterone for adrenal androgen replacement: pharmacokinetics and peripheral conversion to androgens and estrogens in young healthy females after dexamethasone suppression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83:1928-1934.
-
(1998)
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
, vol.83
, pp. 1928-1934
-
-
Arlt, W.1
Justl, H.G.2
Callies, F.3
-
32
-
-
0037310103
-
Use and effectiveness of performance-enhancing substances
-
Boyce EG. Use and effectiveness of performance-enhancing substances. J Pharm Pract. 2003;16:22-36.
-
(2003)
J Pharm Pract
, vol.16
, pp. 22-36
-
-
Boyce, E.G.1
-
33
-
-
0344861812
-
Controversies regarding the effects of growth hormone on the heart
-
Meyers DE, Cuneo RC. Controversies regarding the effects of growth hormone on the heart. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003;78:1521-1526.
-
(2003)
Mayo Clin Proc
, vol.78
, pp. 1521-1526
-
-
Meyers, D.E.1
Cuneo, R.C.2
-
34
-
-
0036304965
-
Does exogenous growth hormone improve performance?
-
Dean H. Does exogenous growth hormone improve performance? Clin J Sports Med. 2002;12:250-253.
-
(2002)
Clin J Sports Med
, vol.12
, pp. 250-253
-
-
Dean, H.1
-
35
-
-
24944560480
-
Substance use in athletics: A sports psychiatry perspective
-
McDuff DR, Baron D. Substance use in athletics: a sports psychiatry perspective. Clin Sports Med. 2005;24:885-897.
-
(2005)
Clin Sports Med
, vol.24
, pp. 885-897
-
-
McDuff, D.R.1
Baron, D.2
-
39
-
-
33644837274
-
Effect of caffeine on leg muscle pain during cycling exercise among females
-
Motl R, O'Connor P, Tubandi L, et al. Effect of caffeine on leg muscle pain during cycling exercise among females. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38:598-604.
-
(2006)
Med Sci Sports Exerc
, vol.38
, pp. 598-604
-
-
Motl, R.1
O'Connor, P.2
Tubandi, L.3
-
40
-
-
40949145716
-
Caffeine effects on short-term performance during prolonged exercise in the heat
-
Del Coso J, Estevez E, Mora-Rodriguez R. Caffeine effects on short-term performance during prolonged exercise in the heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40:744-751.
-
(2008)
Med Sci Sports Exerc
, vol.40
, pp. 744-751
-
-
Del Coso, J.1
Estevez, E.2
Mora-Rodriguez, R.3
-
41
-
-
33644837349
-
Effects of caffeine on prolonged intermittent-sprint ability in team sport athletes
-
Schneiker KN, Bishop D, Dawson B, et al. Effects of caffeine on prolonged intermittent-sprint ability in team sport athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38:578-585.
-
(2006)
Med Sci Sports Exerc
, vol.38
, pp. 578-585
-
-
Schneiker, K.N.1
Bishop, D.2
Dawson, B.3
-
43
-
-
18044397198
-
Caffeine: Implications for alertness in athletes
-
Rogers N, Dinges D. Caffeine: implications for alertness in athletes. Clin Sport Med. 2005;24:e1-e13.
-
(2005)
Clin Sport Med
, vol.24
-
-
Rogers, N.1
Dinges, D.2
-
44
-
-
0032985604
-
Creatine supplementation, its role in human performance
-
Kraemer W, Volek J. Creatine supplementation, its role in human performance. Clin Sports Med. 1999;18:651-666.
-
(1999)
Clin Sports Med
, vol.18
, pp. 651-666
-
-
Kraemer, W.1
Volek, J.2
-
45
-
-
0026722343
-
Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation
-
Harris RC, Soderlund K, Hultman E. Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation. Clin Sci. 1992;83:367-374.
-
(1992)
Clin Sci
, vol.83
, pp. 367-374
-
-
Harris, R.C.1
Soderlund, K.2
Hultman, E.3
-
46
-
-
0032777861
-
Effects of creatine supplementation on exercise performance
-
Demant TW, Rhodes EC. Effects of creatine supplementation on exercise performance. Sports Med. 1999;28:49-60.
-
(1999)
Sports Med
, vol.28
, pp. 49-60
-
-
Demant, T.W.1
Rhodes, E.C.2
-
47
-
-
0027757121
-
Creatine supplementation per se does not enhance endurance exercise performance
-
Balsom PD, Harridge S, Soderlund K, et al. Creatine supplementation per se does not enhance endurance exercise performance. Acta Physiol Scand. 1993;149:521-523.
-
(1993)
Acta Physiol Scand
, vol.149
, pp. 521-523
-
-
Balsom, P.D.1
Harridge, S.2
Soderlund, K.3
-
48
-
-
0034889555
-
Creatine use among young athletes
-
Metzl J, Small E, Levine SR, et al. Creatine use among young athletes. Pediatrics. 2001;108:421-425.
-
(2001)
Pediatrics
, vol.108
, pp. 421-425
-
-
Metzl, J.1
Small, E.2
Levine, S.R.3
-
49
-
-
58549088596
-
New suspect in sports doping is, no joke, Viagra
-
November 23, 2008. Available at:, Accessed November 23, 2008
-
Longman J. New suspect in sports doping is, no joke, Viagra. The New York Times. November 23, 2008. Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/ 23/sports/23viagra.html?scp=2&sq=Viagra&st=cse. Accessed November 23, 2008
-
The New York Times
-
-
Longman, J.1
-
50
-
-
3543120077
-
Sildenafil increased exercise capacity during hypoxia at low altitudes and at Mt. Everest base camp: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
-
Ghofrani HA, Reichenberger F, Kohstall MG, et al. Sildenafil increased exercise capacity during hypoxia at low altitudes and at Mt. Everest base camp: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:169-177.
-
(2004)
Ann Intern Med
, vol.141
, pp. 169-177
-
-
Ghofrani, H.A.1
Reichenberger, F.2
Kohstall, M.G.3
-
51
-
-
33744916246
-
Sildenafil improves cardiac output and exercise performance during acute hypoxia, but not normoxia
-
Hsu AR, Barnholt KE, Grundman NK, et al. Sildenafil improves cardiac output and exercise performance during acute hypoxia, but not normoxia. J Appl Physiol. 2006;100:2031.
-
(2006)
J Appl Physiol
, vol.100
, pp. 2031
-
-
Hsu, A.R.1
Barnholt, K.E.2
Grundman, N.K.3
-
52
-
-
0032159864
-
An FDA guide to dietary supplements
-
Sept-Oct, 1998. Available at:, Accessed November 23, 2008
-
Kurtzweil P. An FDA guide to dietary supplements. FDA Consumer. Sept-Oct, 1998. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/1998/598-guid. html. Accessed November 23, 2008.
-
FDA Consumer
-
-
Kurtzweil, P.1
-
53
-
-
1542512081
-
Analysis of non-hormonal nutritional supplements for anabolic-androgenic steroids - results of an international study
-
Geyer H, Parr M, Mareck U, et al. Analysis of non-hormonal nutritional supplements for anabolic-androgenic steroids - results of an international study. Int J Sports Med. 2004;25:124-129.
-
(2004)
Int J Sports Med
, vol.25
, pp. 124-129
-
-
Geyer, H.1
Parr, M.2
Mareck, U.3
|