Effect of clonidine on tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the adrenal medulla and brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

Volumn 104, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 113-121

  Moura, Eduardo ^a,b   Afonso, Joana ^a   Serrão, Maria Paula ^a   Vieira Coelho, Maria Augusta ^a,b  

^a University of Porto   (Portugal)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PORTO   (Portugal)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; CLONIDINE; DOPAMINE; NORADRENALIN; PLACEBO; TYROSINE 3 MONOOXYGENASE;

ADRENAL MEDULLA; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BRAIN; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG MECHANISM; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RAT; SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RAT; WISTAR KYOTO RAT;

ADRENAL MEDULLA; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-AGONISTS; ANIMALS; BLOOD PRESSURE; BLOTTING, WESTERN; BRAIN; CATECHOLAMINES; CLONIDINE; HEART RATE; HYPERTENSION; MALE; RATS; RATS, INBRED SHR; RATS, INBRED WKY; SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE;

ANIMALIA; RATTUS;

EID: 58449111954     PISSN: 17427835     EISSN: 17427843     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00339.x     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Guyenet PG. The sympathetic control of blood pressure. Nat Rev Neurosci 2006 7 : 335 46.
2. Kumer SC, Vrana KE. Intricate regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and gene expression. J Neurochem 1996 67 : 443 62.
3. Rao F, Zhang L, Wessel J, Zhang K, Wen G, Kennedy BP et al. Tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis: discovery of common human genetic variants governing transcription, autonomic activity, and blood pressure in vivo. Circulation 2007 116 : 993 1006.
4. Reja V, Goodchild AK, Phillips JK, Pilowsky PM. Tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in ventrolateral medulla oblongata of WKY and SHR: a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction study. Auton Neurosci 2002 98 : 79 84.
5. Trippodo NC, Frohlich ED. Similarities of genetic (spontaneous) hypertension. Man and rat. Circ Res 1981 48 : 309 19.
6. Lee RM, Triggle CR, Cheung DW, Coughlin MD. Structural and functional consequence of neonatal sympathectomy on the blood vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1987 10 : 328 38.
7. Lee RM, Borkowski KR, Leenen FH, Tsoporis J, Coughlin M. Combined effect of neonatal sympathectomy and adrenal demedullation on blood pressure and vascular changes in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Circ Res 1991 69 : 714 21.
8. Korner P, Bobik A, Oddie C, Friberg P. Sympathoadrenal system is critical for structural changes in genetic hypertension. Hypertension 1993 22 : 243 52.
9. Borkowski KR, Quinn P. Adrenaline and the development of spontaneous hypertension in rats. J Auton Pharmacol 1985 5 : 89 100.
10. Lee RM, Borkowski KR, Leenen FH, Tsoporis J, Coughlin M. Interaction between sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla in the control of cardiovascular changes in hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1991 17 (Suppl 2 S114 6.
11. Szemeredi K, Bagdy G, Stull R, Keiser HR, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS. Sympathoadrenomedullary hyper-responsiveness to yohimbine in juvenile spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 1988 43 : 1063 8.
12. Moura E, Pinho Costa PM, Moura D, Guimaraes S, Vieira-Coelho MA. Decreased tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the adrenals of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2005 76 : 2953 4.
13. Starke K. Presynaptic autoreceptors in the third decade: focus on alpha2-adrenoceptors. J Neurochem 2001 78 : 685 93
14. MacMillan LB, Hein L, Smith MS, Piascik MT, Limbird LE. Central hypotensive effects of the α2a-adrenergic receptor subtype. Science 1996 273 : 801 3.
15. Link RE, Desai K, Hein L, Stevens ME, Chruscinski A, Bernstein D et al. Cardiovascular regulation in mice lacking alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtypes b and c. Science 1996 273 : 803 5.
16. Moura E, Afonso J, Hein L, Vieira-Coelho MA. Alpha2-adrenoceptor subtypes involved in the regulation of catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla of mice. Br J Pharmacol 2006 149 : 1049 58.
17. Young JB, Landsberg L. Catecholamines and the adrenal medulla. In : Wilson JD, Foster DW, Kronenberg HM, Larsen PR (eds). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1998 665 728.
18. Lymperopoulos A, Rengo G, Funakoshi H, Eckhart AD, Koch WJ. Adrenal GRK2 upregulation mediates sympathetic overdrive in heart failure. Nat Med 2007 13 : 315 23.
19. Tan CM, Wilson MH, MacMillan LB, Kobilka BK, Limbird LE. Heterozygous alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor mice unveil unique therapeutic benefits of partial agonists. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002 99 : 12471 6.
20. Tank J, Jordan J, Diedrich A, Obst M, Plehm R, Luft FC et al. Clonidine improves spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity in conscious mice through parasympathetic activation. Hypertension 2004 43 : 1042 7.
21. Zhu QM, Lesnick JD, Jasper JR, MacLennan SJ, Dillon MP, Eglen RM et al. Cardiovascular effects of rilmenidine, moxonidine and clonidine in conscious wild-type and D79N alpha2A-adrenoceptor transgenic mice. Br J Pharmacol 1999 126 : 1522 30.
22. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976 72 : 248 54.
23. Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 1970 227 : 680 5.
24. Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979 76 : 4350 4.
25. Soares-da-Silva P, Pestana M, Vieira-Coelho MA, Fernandes MH, Albino-Teixeira A. Assessment of renal dopaminergic system activity in the nitric oxide-deprived hypertensive rat model. Br J Pharmacol 1995 114 : 1403 13.
26. Atkinson J, Lambas-Senas L, Parker M, Boillat N, Luthi P, Sonnay M et al. Chronic clonidine treatment and its withdrawal: effects on blood pressure and catecholamine synthesizing enzymes in brain-stem nuclei. Eur J Pharmacol 1986 121 : 97 106.
27. Lambas-Senas L, Atkinson J, Fluckiger JP, Sonnay M, Chamba G, Renaud B. Biochemical evidence that brainstem adrenaline-containing neurons are activated during clonidine withdrawal in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1988 338 : 543 7.
28. Nakamura K, Okada T, Ishii H, Nakamura K. Differential effects of α-methyldopa, clonidine and hydralazine on norepinephrine and epinephrine synthesizing enzymes in the brainstem nuclei of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1980 30 : 1 10.
29. Patel KP, Kline RL, Mercer PF. Noradrenergic mechanisms in the brain and peripheral organs of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats at various ages. Hypertension 1981 3 : 682 90.
30. Atkinson J, Sonnay M, Boillat N. Changes in central monoaminergic function during chronic treatment with clonidine in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Eur J Pharmacol 1984 106 : 613 7.
31. Luque JM, Guillamon A, Hwang BH. Quantitative autoradiographic study on tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA with in situ hybridization and α 2 adrenergic receptor binding in the locus coeruleus of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Neurosci Lett 1991 131 : 163 6.
32. Amenta F, Ricci A, Rossodivita I, Avola R, Tayebati SK. The dopaminergic system in hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2001 23 : 15 24.
33. Yu K, Lu D, Rowland NE, Raizada MK. Angiotensin II regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in the neuronal cultures of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Endocrinology 1996 137 : 3566 76.
34. Jezova M, Armando I, Bregonzio C, Yu ZX, Qian S, Ferrans VJ et al. Angiotensin II AT(1) and AT(2) receptors contribute to maintain basal adrenomedullary norepinephrine synthesis and tyrosine hydroxylase transcription. Endocrinology 2003 144 : 2092 101.
35. Reja V, Goodchild AK, Phillips JK, Pilowsky PM. Upregulation of angiotensin AT1 receptor and intracellular kinase gene expression in hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006 33 : 690 5.
36. Seltzer A, Bregonzio C, Armando I, Baiardi G, Saavedra JM. Oral administration of an AT1 receptor antagonist prevents the central effects of angiotensin II in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brain Res 2004 1028 : 9 18.
37. Zicha J, Kunes J. Ontogenetic aspects of hypertension development: analysis in the rat. Physiol Rev 1999 79 : 1227 82.
38. Lemmer B, Schiffer S, Witte K, Gorbey S. Inverse blood pressure rhythm of transgenic hypertensive TGR(mREN2)27 rats: role of norepinephrine and expression of tyrosine-hydroxylase and reuptake1-transporter. Chronobiol Int 2005 22 : 473 88.
39. Sica DA. Centrally acting antihypertensive agents: an update. J Clin Hypertens 2007 9 : 399 405.
40. Szabo B. Imidazoline antihypertensive drugs: a critical review on their mechanism of action. Pharmacol Ther 2002 93 : 1 35.
41. Togashi H. [Central and peripheral actions of clonidine causing changes of the adrenal medullary functions in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. [Hokkaido igaku zasshi] The Hokkaido Journal of Medical Science 1983 58 : 119 31.
42. Reja V, Goodchild AK, Pilowsky PM. Catecholamine-related gene expression correlates with blood pressures in SHR. Hypertension 2002 40 : 342 7.
43. Kvetnansky R, McCarty R, Thoa NB, Lake CR, Kopin IJ. Sympatho-adrenal responses of spontaneously hypertensive rats to immobilization stress. Am J Physiol 1979 236 : H457 62.
44. McCarty R, Kvetnansky R, Lake CR, Thoa NB, Kopin IJ. Sympatho-adrenal activity of SHR and WKY rats during recovery from forced immobilization. Physiol Behav 1978 21 : 951 5.
45. Brede M, Wiesmann F, Jahns R, Hadamek K, Arnolt C, Neubauer S et al. Feedback inhibition of catecholamine release by two different alpha2-adrenoceptor subtypes prevents progression of heart failure. Circulation 2002 106 : 2491 6.
46. Boesen EI, Lambert GW, Anderson WP, Kett MM. Pre-weaning carvedilol treatment in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2004 486 : 183 8.