Agriculture and the new challenges for photosynthesis research

New Phytologist

Volumn 181, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 532-552

  Murchie, E H ^a   Pinto, M ^b   Horton, P ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES AGROPECUARIAS   (Chile)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Agriculture; Carbon partitioning; Crop; Environment; Photosynthesis; Predictability; Productivity; Radiation

Indexed keywords

ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE; CHLOROPLAST; GROWING SEASON; LAND USE CHANGE; LIMITING FACTOR; PARTITIONING; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANT BREEDING; RICE; SOLAR POWER; WHEAT;

ACCLIMATIZATION; AGRICULTURE; CHLOROPLAST; ENVIRONMENT; METABOLISM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESEARCH; REVIEW;

ACCLIMATIZATION; AGRICULTURE; CHLOROPLASTS; ENVIRONMENT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESEARCH;

ORYZA SATIVA; TRITICUM AESTIVUM;

EID: 58249110509     PISSN: 0028646X     EISSN: 14698137     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02705.x     Document Type: Review

References (163)

1. Achard P, Cheng H, De Grauwe L, Decat J, Schoutteten H, Moritz T, Van der Straeten D, Peng JR, Harberd NP. 2006. Integration of plant responses to environmentally activated phytohormonal signals. Science 311 : 91 94.
2. Achard P, Renou JP, Berthome R, Harberd NP, Genschik P. 2008. Plant DELLAs restrain growth and promote survival of adversity by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species. Current Biology 18 : 656 660.
3. 2. New Phytologist 165 : 351 371.
4. 2] in the field with single gene substitutions in Glycine max. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 122 : 85 94.
5. Albert R, Jeong H, Barabasi AL. 2000. Error and attack tolerance of complex networks. Nature 406 : 378 382.
6. Amthor JS. 2000. The McCree-de Wit-Penning de Vries-Thornley respiration paradigms: 30 years later. Annals of Botany 86 : 1 20.
7. Austin RB, Bingham J, Blackwell RD, Evans LT, Ford MA, Morgan CL, Taylor M. 1980. Genetic improvements in winter wheat yields since 1900 and associated physiological changes. Journal of Agricultural Science 94 : 675 689.
8. Austin RB, Ford MA, Morgan CL. 1989. Genetic improvement in the yield of winter wheat - a further evaluation. Journal of Agricultural Science 112 : 295 301.
9. Austin RB, Morgan CL, Ford MA. 1982. Flag leaf photosynthesis of Triticum aestivum and related diploid and tetraploid species. Annals of Botany 49 : 177 189.
10. Baena-Gonzalez E, Rolland F, Thevelein JM, Sheen J. 2007. A central integrator of transcription networks in plant stress and energy signalling. Nature 448 : 938 U10.
11. 2 evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics at 77 K among vascular plants of diverse origins. Planta 170 : 489 504.
12. Black CC, Tu ZP, Counce PA, Yao PF, Angelov MN. 1995. An integration of photosynthetic traits and mechanisms that can increase crop photosynthesis and grain production. Photosynthesis Research 46 : 169 175.
13. Bohnert HJ, Gong Q, Li P, Ma S. 2006. Unraveling abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms - getting genomics going. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 9 : 180 188.
14. Bowles D. 1998. Signal transduction in the wound response of tomato plants. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences 353 : 1495 1510.
15. Calderini DF, Dreccer MF, Slafer GA. 1995. Genetic improvement in wheat yield and associated traits. A re-examination of previous results and the latest trends. Plant Breeding 114 : 108 112.
16. Cassman K. 1994. Breaking the yield barrier. Proceedings of a workshop on rice yield potential in favourable environments. Los Banos, Philippines : International Rice Research Institute.
17. Chang CCC, Ball L, Fryer MJ, Baker NR, Karpinski S, Mullineaux PM. 2004. Induction of ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE 2 expression in wounded Arabidopsis leaves does not involve known wound-signalling pathways but is associated with changes in photosynthesis. Plant Journal 38 : 499 511.
18. Cheeseman JM, Clough BF, Carter DR, Lovelock CE, Eong OJ, Sim RG. 1991. The analysis of photosynthetic performance in leaves under field conditions - a case-study using bruguiera mangroves. Photosynthesis Research 29 : 11 22.
19. Cook MG, Evans LT. 1983. Some physiological-aspects of the domestication and improvement of rice (Oryza spp.). Field Crops Research 6 : 219 238.
20. Cross JM, von Korff M, Altmann T, Bartzetko L, Sulpice R, Gibon Y, Palacios N, Stitt M. 2006. Variation of enzyme activities and metabolite levels in 24 Arabidopsis accessions growing in carbon-limited conditions. Plant Physiology 142 : 1574 1588.
21. 2 increase photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency? A study of three native UK grassland species in open-top chambers. Functional Ecology 13 (Suppl. 1 21 28.
22. Davison PA, Hunter CN, Horton P. 2002. Overexpression of beta-carotene hydroxylase enhances stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Nature 418 : 203 206.
23. Dingkuhn M, Singh BB, Clerget B, Chantereau J, Sultan B. 2006. Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa. Agricultural Water Management 80 : 241 261.
24. Dodd AN, Salathia N, Hall A, Kevei E, Toth R, Nagy F, Hibberd JM, Millar AJ, Webb AAR. 2005. Plant circadian clocks increase photosynthesis, growth, survival, and competitive advantage. Science 309 : 630 633.
25. 2? Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 48 : 609 639.
26. Easterling W, Aggerwal P, Batima P, Brander K, Erda L, Howden S, Kirilenko A, Morton J, Soussana J-F, Schmidhuber J et al. 2007. Food fibre and forest products. In : Parry M, Canziani O, Palutikof J, Linden PVD, Hanson C, eds. Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 273 313.
27. 4 rice. Los Banos, Philippines : International Rice Research Institute.
28. Evans LT. 1993. Crop evolution, adaptation and yield. Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press.
29. Evans LT, Dunstone RL. 1970. Some physiological aspects of evolution in wheat. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 23 : 725 &.
30. Fischer RA, Rees D, Sayre KD, Lu ZM, Condon AG, Saavedra AL. 1998. Wheat yield progress associated with higher stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, and cooler canopies. Crop Science 38 : 1467 1475.
31. 2 response of Vicia guard cells acclimates to growth environment. Journal of Experimental Botany 53 : 545 550.
32. Fryer MJ, Ball L, Oxborough K, Karpinski S, Mullineaux PM, Baker NR. 2003. Control of ascorbate peroxidase 2 expression by hydrogen peroxide and leaf water status during excess light stress reveals a functional organisation of Arabidopsis leaves. Plant Journal 33 : 691 705.
33. Galmes J, Flexas J, Keys AJ, Cifre J, Mitchell RAC, Madgwick PJ, Haslam RP, Medrano H, Parry MAJ. 2005. Rubisco specificity factor tends to be larger in plant species from drier habitats and in species with persistent leaves. Plant, Cell & Environment 28 : 571 579.
34. Gan S, Amasino RM. 1995. Inhibition of leaf senescence by autoregulated production of cytokinin. Science 270 : 1986 1988.
35. Gibon Y, Bläsing OE, Palacios-Rojas N, Pankovic D, Hendriks JHM, Fisahn J, Höhne M, Günther M, Stitt M. 2004. Adjustment of diurnal starch turnover to short days: depletion of sugar during the night leads to a temporary inhibition of carbohydrate utilization, accumulation of sugars and post-translational activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in the following light period. Plant Journal 39 : 847 862.
36. Gilmour SJ, Fowler SG, Thomashow MF. 2004. Arabidopsis transcriptional activators CBF1, CBF2, and CBF3 have matching functional activities. Plant Molecular Biology 54 : 767 781.
37. Griffiths H. 2006. Plant biology - designs on Rubisco. Nature 441 : 940 941.
38. Grime J, Hodgson G, Hunt R, Band S. 1989. Comparative plant ecology: a functional approach to common British species. London, UK : Chapman and Hall.
39. Gutierrez-Rodriguez M, Reynolds MP, Larque-Saavedra A. 2000. Photosynthesis of wheat in a warm, irrigated environment - II. Traits associated with genetic gains in yield. Field Crops Research 66 : 51 62.
40. Hardin LS. 2008. Meetings that changed the world: Bellagio 1969: the green revolution. Nature 455 : 470 471.
41. Häusler RE, Hirsch HJ, Kreuzaler F, Peterhansel C. 2002. Overexpression of C-4-cycle enzymes in transgenic C-3 plants: a biotechnological approach to improve C-3 photosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Botany 53 : 591 607.
42. Häusler RE, Rademacher T, Li J, Lipka V, Fischer KL, Schubert S, Kreuzaler F, Hirsch HJ. 2001. Single and double overexpression of C-4-cycle genes had differential effects on the pattern of endogenous enzymes, attenuation of photorespiration and on contents of UV protectants in transgenic potato and tobacco plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 52 : 1785 1803.
43. Hay R, Porter J. 2006. The physiology of crop yield. Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
44. Helliker BR, Richter SL. 2008. Subtropical to boreal convergence of tree-leaf temperatures. Nature 454 : 511 514.
45. Hetherington AM, Woodward FI. 2003. The role of stomata in sensing and driving environmental change. Nature 424 : 901 908.
46. Hibberd JM, Quick WP. 2002. Characteristics of C-4 photosynthesis in stems and petioles of C-3 flowering plants. Nature 415 : 451 454.
47. Hibberd JM, Sheehy JE, Langdale JA. 2008. Using C-4 photosynthesis to increase the yield of rice - rationale and feasibility. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 11 : 228 231.
48. Hirel B, Gallais A. 2006. Rubisco synthesis, turnover and degradation: some new thoughts on an old problem. New Phytologist 169 : 445 448.
49. Horton P. 2000. Prospects for crop improvement through the genetic manipulation of photosynthesis: morphological and biochemical aspects of light capture. Journal of Experimental Botany 51 : 475 485.
50. Horton P, Nicholson H. 1987. Generation of oscillatory behavior in the laisk model of photosynthetic carbon assimilation. Photosynthesis Research 12 : 129 143.
51. Horton P, Johnson MP, Perez-Bueno ML, Kiss AZ, Ruban AV. 2008. Photosynthetic acclimation: does the dynamic structure and macro-organisation of photosystem II in higher plant grana membranes regulate light harvesting states? FEBS Journal 275 : 1069 1079.
52. 4 photosynthesis in rice: some lessons from field studies of rice photosynthesis. In : Sheehy J, Mitchell PL, Hardy B, eds. Redesigning rice photosynthesis to increase yield. Amsterdam, the Netherlands : Elsevier, 127 144.
53. Horton P, Murchie EH, Ruban AV, Walters RG. 2001. Increasing rice photosynthesis by manipulation of the acclimation and adaptation to light. In : Goode JA, Chadwick D, eds. Rice biotechnology: improving yield, stress tolerance and grain quality. Novartis Foundation Symposium 236. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, 117 130.
54. Horton P, Ruban AV, Walters RG. 1996. Regulation of light harvesting in green plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 47 : 655 684.
55. Hubbard K, Gardner M, Hotta C, Dodd A, Smith A, Davies J, Webb A. 2006. Dissection of calcium signalling pathways in the Arabidopsis circadian clock. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Molecular & Integrative Physiology 143 : S177 S177.
56. Hubbart S, Peng S, Horton P, Chen Y, Murchie EH. 2007. Trends in leaf photosynthesis in historical rice varieties developed in the Philippines since 1966. Journal of Experimental Botany 58 : 3429 3438.
57. Huner NPA, Maxwell DP, Gray GR, Savitch LV, Krol M, Ivanov AG, Falk S. 1996. Sensing environmental temperature change through imbalances between energy supply and energy consumption: redox state of photosystem II. Physiologia Plantarum 98 : 358 364.
58. Huner NPA, Oquist G, Sarhan F. 1998. Energy balance and acclimation to light and cold. Trends in Plant Science 3 : 224 230.
59. IPCC. 2007. Summary for policymakers. In : Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL, eds. Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. A Report of Working Group I of the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK and NY, USA : Cambridge University Press, 1 18.
60. Ishimaru K. 2003. Identification of a locus increasing rice yield and physiological analysis of its function. Plant Physiology 133 : 1083 1090.
61. Johnson MP, Davison PA, Ruban AV, Horton P. 2008. The xanthophyll cycle pool size controls the kinetics of nonphotochemical quenching in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Letters 582 : 259 263.
62. Johnson MP, Havaux M, Triantaphylides C, Ksas B, Pascal AA, Robert B, Davison PA, Ruban AV, Horton P. 2007. Elevated zeaxanthin bound to oligomeric LHCII enhances the resistance of Arabidopsis to photooxidative stress by a lipid-protective, antioxidant mechanism. Journal of Biological Chemistry 282 : 22605 22618.
63. Karpinski S, Escobar C, Karpinska B, Creissen G, Mullineaux PM. 1997. Photosynthetic electron transport regulates the expression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase genes in Arabidopsis during excess light stress. Plant Cell 9 : 627 640.
64. Karpinski S, Reynolds H, Karpinska B, Wingsle G, Creissen G, Mullineaux P. 1999. Systemic signaling and acclimation in response to excess excitation energy in Arabidopsis. Science 284 : 654 657.
65. Kebeish R, Niessen M, Thiruveedhi K, Bari R, Hirsch HJ, Rosenkranz R, Stabler N, Schonfeld B, Kreuzaler F, Peterhansel C. 2007. Chloroplastic photorespiratory bypass increases photosynthesis and biomass production in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature Biotechnology 25 : 593 599.
66. Kimball BA. 1983. Carbon dioxide and agricultural yield: an assemblage and analysis of 430 prior observations. Agronomy Journal 75 : 779 788.
67. Kiss AZ, Ruban AV, Horton P. 2008. The PsbS protein controls the organization of the photosystem II antenna in higher plant thylakoid membranes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 283 : 3972 3978.
68. Ku MSB, Cho DH, Li X, Jiao DM, Pinto M, Miyao M, Matsuoka M. 2001. Introduction of genes encoding C4 photosynthesis enzymes into rice plants: physiological consequences. In : Goode JA, Chadwick D, eds. Rice biotechnology: improving yield, stress tolerance and grain quality. Novartis Foundation Symposium 236. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, 100 116.
69. Labate MTV, Ko K, Ko ZW, Pinto L, Real M, Romano MR, Barja PR, Granell A, Friso G, van Wijk KJ et al. 2004. Constitutive expression of pea Lhcb1-2 in tobacco affects plant development, morphology and photosynthetic capacity. Plant Molecular Biology 55 : 701 714.
70. Laisk A, Walker DA. 1986. Control of phosphate turnover as a rate limiting factor and possible cause of oscillations in photosynthesis: a mathematical model. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences 227 : 281 302.
71. Lake JA, Woodward FI, Quick WP. 2002. Long-distance CO2 signalling in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 53 : 183 193.
72. Lauerer M, Saftic D, Quick WP, Labate C, Fichtner K, Schulze ED, Rodermel SR, Bogorad L, Stitt M. 1993. Decreased ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase in transgenic tobacco transformed with antisense Rbcs. 6. Effect on photosynthesis in plants grown at different irradiance. Planta 190 : 332 345.
73. Lefebvre S, Lawson T, Zakhleniuk OV, Lloyd JC, Raines CA. 2005. Increased sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase activity in transgenic tobacco plants stimulates photosynthesis and growth from an early stage in development. Plant Physiology 138 : 451 460.
74. 2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 25 : 785 791.
75. Lizana C, Wentworth M, Martinez JP, Villegas D, Meneses R, Murchie EH, Pastenes C, Lercari B, Vernieri P, Horton P et al. 2006. Differential adaptation of two varieties of common bean to abiotic stress - I. Effects of drought on yield and photosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Botany 57 : 685 697.
76. Long SP, Humphries S, Falkowski PG. 1994. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in nature. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 45 : 633 662.
77. Long SP, Zhu XG, Naidu SL, Ort DR. 2006. Can improvement in photosynthesis increase crop yields? Plant, Cell & Environment 29 : 315 330.
78. Mae T, Makino A, Ohira K. 1983. Changes in the amounts of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase synthesized and degraded during the life-span of rice leaf (Oryza sativa L.). Plant and Cell Physiology 24 : 1079 1086.
79. 2 partial pressures. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 27 : 1 12.
80. Makino A, Mae T, Ohira K. 1985. Photosynthesis and ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase in rice leaves from emergence through senescence - quantitative analysis by carboxylation oxygenation and regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. Planta 166 : 414 420.
81. Masle J, Gilmore SR, Farquhar GD. 2005. The ERECTA gene regulates plant transpiration efficiency in Arabidopsis. Nature 436 : 866 870.
82. Matsuoka M, Furbank RT, Fukayama H, Miyao M. 2001. Molecular engineering of C4 photosynthesis. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 52 : 297 314.
83. 2. Functional Plant Biology 23 : 593 603.
84. 2 concentrations. Journal of Experimental Botany 46 : 1389 1396.
85. Meyer RC, Steinfath M, Lisec J, Becher M, Witucka-Wall H, Toerjek O, Fiehn O, Eckardt ÃN, Willmitzer L, Selbig J et al. 2007. The metabolic signature related to high plant growth rate in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 104 : 4759 4764.
86. Miralles DJ, Slafer GA. 1997. Radiation interception and radiation use efficiency of near-isogenic wheat lines with different height. Euphytica 97 : 201 208.
87. Mitchell PL, Sheehy JE. 2006. Supercharging rice photosynthesis to increase yield. New Phytologist 171 : 688 693.
88. Mitchell PL, Sheehy JE, Woodward FI. 1998. Potential yields and the efficiency of radiation use in rice. IRRI Discussion Paper Series No. 32. Manila, the Philippines : International Rice Research Institute.
89. Monteith JL. 1977. Climate and efficiency of crop production in Britain. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences 281 : 277 294.
90. Moore B, Zhou L, Rolland F, Hall Q, Cheng W-H, Liu Y-X, Hwang I, Jones T, Sheen J. 2003. Role of the Arabidopsis glucose sensor HXK1 in nutrient, light, and hormonal signaling. Science 300 : 332 336.
91. Mullet JE. 1988. Chloroplast development and gene expression. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 39 : 475 502.
92. Mullineaux PM, Karpinski S, Baker NR. 2006. Spatial dependence for hydrogen peroxide-directed signaling in light-stressed plants. Plant Physiology 141 : 346 350.
93. Murayama N. 1995. Development and senescence: development and senescence of an individual plant. In : Matsuo M, Hoshikawa K, eds. Science of the rice plant volume 1. Morphology. Tokyo, Japan : Food and Agriculture Policy Research Institute, 119 157.
94. Murchie EH, Chen YZ, Hubbart S, Peng SB, Horton P. 1999. Interactions between senescence and leaf orientation determine in situ patterns of photosynthesis and photoinhibition in field-grown rice. Plant Physiology 119 : 553 563.
95. Murchie EH, Horton P. 1997. Acclimation of photosynthesis to irradiance and spectral quality in British plant species: chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity and habitat preference. Plant, Cell & Environment 20 : 438 448.
96. Murchie EH, Horton P. 1998. Contrasting patterns of photosynthetic acclimation to the light environment are dependent on the differential expression of the responses to altered irradiance and spectral quality. Plant, Cell & Environment 21 : 139 148.
97. Murchie E, Horton P. 2007. Toward C4 rice: learning from acclimation of photosynthesis in the C3 leaf. In : Sheehy JE, Mitchell PL, Hardy B, eds. Charting pathways to C4 rice. Los Banos, the Philippines : International Rice Research Institute, 333 350.
98. Murchie EH, Hubbart S, Chen YZ, Peng SB, Horton P. 2002. Acclimation of rice photosynthesis to irradiance under field conditions. Plant Physiology 130 : 1999 2010.
99. Murchie EH, Hubbart S, Peng S, Horton P. 2005. Acclimation of photosynthesis to high irradiance in rice: gene expression and interactions with leaf development. Journal of Experimental Botany 56 : 449 460.
100. Nakano H, Makino A, Mae T. 1995. Effects of panicle removal on the photosynthetic characteristics of the flag leaf of rice plants during the ripening stage. Plant & Cell Physiology 36 : 653 659.
101. Ndong C, Danyluk J, Huner NPA, Sarhan F. 2001. Survey of gene expression in winter rye during changes in growth temperature, irradiance or excitation pressure. Plant Molecular Biology 45 : 691 703.
102. Nunes-Nesi A, Carrari F, Lytovchenko A, Smith AMO, Ehlers Loureiro M, Ratcliffe RG, Sweetlove LJ, Fernie AR. 2005. Enhanced photosynthetic performance and growth as a consequence of decreasing mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase activity in transgenic tomato plants. Plant Physiology 137 : 611 622.
103. 2 partial-pressure and leaf inversion. Planta 189 : 182 190.
104. Oguchi R, Hikosaka K, Hirose T. 2003. Does the photosynthetic light-acclimation need change in leaf anatomy? Plant, Cell & Environment 26 : 505 512.
105. Parry M, Rosenzweig C, Livermore M. 2005. Climate change, global food supply and risk of hunger. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences 360 : 2125 2138.
106. Parry MAJ, Andralojc PJ, Mitchell RAC, Madgwick PJ, Keys AJ. 2003. Manipulation of Rubisco: the amount, activity, function and regulation. Journal of Experimental Botany 54 : 1321 1333.
107. Parry MAJ, Keys AJ, Madgwick PJ, Carmo-Silva AE, Andralojc PJ. 2008. Rubisco regulation: a role for inhibitors. Journal of Experimental Botany 59 : 1569 1580.
108. Paul MJ, Foyer CH. 2001. Sink regulation of photosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Botany 52 : 1383 1400.
109. Peng S, Laza RC, Visperas RM, Sanico AL, Cassman KG, Khush GS. 2000. Grain yield of rice cultivars and lines developed in the Philippines since 1966. Crop Science 40 : 307 314.
110. Poorter H, Evans JR. 1998. Photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency of species that differ inherently in specific leaf area. Oecologia 116 : 26 37.
111. Priault P, Fresneau C, Noctor G, De Paepe R, Cornic G, Streb P. 2006. The mitochondrial CMSII mutation of Nicotiana sylvestris impairs adjustment of photosynthetic carbon assimilation to higher growth irradiance. Journal of Experimental Botany 57 : 2075 2085.
112. Pyke KA, Leech RM. 1987. The control of chloroplast number in wheat mesophyll cells. Planta 170 : 416 420.
113. Quick WP, Fichtner K, Schulze ED, Wendler R, Leegood RC, Mooney H, Rodermel SR, Bogorad L, Stitt M. 1992. Decreased ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase in transgenic tobacco transformed with antisense rbcS. 4. Impact on photosynthesis in conditions of altered nitrogen supply. Planta 188 : 522 531.
114. Rademacher T, Hausler RE, Hirsch HJ, Zhang L, Lipka V, Weier D, Kreuzaler F, Peterhansel C. 2002. An engineered phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase redirects carbon and nitrogen flow in transgenic potato plants. Plant Journal 32 : 25 39.
115. Raghavendra AS, Padmasree K. 2003. Beneficial interactions of mitochondrial metabolism with photosynthetic carbon assimilation. Trends in Plant Science 8 : 546 553.
116. Raines CA. 2006. Transgenic approaches to manipulate the environmental responses of the C-3 carbon fixation cycle. Plant, Cell & Environment 29 : 331 339.
117. Raun WR, Johnson GV. 1999. Improving nitrogen use efficiency for cereal production. Agronomy Journal 91 : 357 363.
118. Raven J. 1994. The cost of photoinhibition to plant communities. In : Baker N, Bowyer J, eds. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis - molecular mechanisms to the field. Oxford, UK : Bios Scientific, 449 464.
119. Reddy GV, Heisler MG, Ehrhardt DW, Meyerowitz EM. 2004. Real-time lineage analysis reveals oriented cell divisions associated with morphogenesis at the shoot apex of Arabidopsis thaliana. Development 131 : 4225 4237.
120. Reynolds MP, van Ginkel M, Ribaut JM. 2000. Avenues for genetic modification of radiation use efficiency in wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany 51 : 459 473.
121. Rolland F, Baena-Gonzalez E, Sheen J. 2006. Sugar sensing and signalling in plants: conserved and novel mechanisms. Annual Review of Plant Biology 57 : 675 709.
122. Rosengrant M, Agcaoili-Sombilla M, Perez N. 1995. Global food projections to 2020: implications for investment. Washington, DC, USA : IFPRI.
123. Sage R, Sage T. 2007. Learning from nature to develop strategies for the directed evolution of C4 rice. In : Sheehy JE, Mitchell PL, Hardy B, eds. Charting new pathways to C4 rice. Los Banos, the Philippines : International Rice Research Institute, 195 215.
124. Sasaki H, Ishii R. 1992. Cultivar differences in leaf photosynthesis of rice bred in Japan. Photosynthesis Research 32 : 139 146.
125. Shearman VJ, Sylvester-Bradley R, Scott RK, Foulkes MJ. 2005. Physiological processes associated with wheat yield progress in the UK. Crop Science 45 : 175 185.
126. Sheehy JE. 2000. Limits to yield for C3 and C4 rice: an agronomist's view. In : Sheehy JE, Mitchell PL, Hardy B, eds. Redesigning rice photosynthesis to increase yield. Los Banos, the Philippines : International Rice Research Institute, 39 52.
127. Sheehy JE, Mitchell PL, Hardy B. 2007. Charting pathways to C4 rice. Los Banos, the Philippines : International Rice Research Institute.
128. Slafer GA, Satorre E, Andrade F. 1994. Increases in grain yield in bread wheat from breeding and associated physiological changes. In : Slafer GA, ed. Genetic improvement of field crops. New York, NY, USA : Marcel Dekker Inc., 1 68.
129. Smeekens S. 2000. Sugar induced signal transduction in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 51 : 49 81.
130. Smith AM, Stitt M. 2007. Coordination of carbon supply and plant growth. Plant, Cell & Environment 30 : 1126 1149.
131. Somerville CR, Ogren WL. 1982. Genetic modification of photo-respiration. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 7 : 171 174.
132. Spielmeyer W, Ellis MH, Chandler PM. 2002. Semidwarf (sd-1), 'green revolution' rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20-oxidase gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 99 : 9043 9048.
133. Suzuki Y, Ohkubo M, Hatakeyama H, Ohashi K, Yoshizawa R, Kojima S, Hayakawa T, Yamaya T, Mae T, Makino A. 2007. Increased Rubisco content in transgenic rice transformed with the 'sense' rbcS gene. Plant and Cell Physiology 48 : 626 637.
134. Takai T, Fukuta Y, Shiraiwa T, Horie T. 2005. Time-related mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling grain-filling in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Experimental Botany 56 : 2107 2118.
135. Takai T, Matsuura S, Nishio T, Ohsumi A, Shiraiwa T, Horie T. 2006. Rice yield potential is closely related to crop growth rate during late reproductive period. Field Crops Research 96 : 328 335.
136. Tcherkez GGB, Farquhar GD, Andrews TJ. 2006. Despite slow catalysis and confused substrate specificity, all ribulose bisphosphate carboxylases may be nearly perfectly optimized. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 103 : 7246 7251.
137. Thomas PW, Woodward FI, Quick WP. 2004. Systemic irradiance signalling in tobacco. New Phytologist 161 : 193 198.
138. Thomashow MF, Gilmour SJ, Stockinger EJ, Jaglo-Ottosen KR, Zarka DG. 2001. Role of the Arabidopsis CBF transcriptional activators in cold acclimation. Physiologia Plantarum 112 : 171 175.
139. Valliyodan B, Nguyen HT. 2006. Understanding regulatory networks and engineering for enhanced drought tolerance in plants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 9 : 189 195.
140. Vogel JT, Zarka DG, Van Buskirk HA, Fowler SG, Thomashow MF. 2005. Roles of the CBF2 and ZAT12 transcription factors in configuring the low temperature transcriptome of Arabidopsis. Plant Journal 41 : 195 211.
141. Von Caemmerer S, Farquhar GD. 1981. Some relationships between the biochemistry of photosynthesis and the gas exchange of leaves. Planta 153 : 376 387.
142. Voznesenskaya EV, Franceschi VR, Kiirats O, Artyusheva EG, Freitag H, Edwards GE. 2002. Proof of C4 photosynthesis without Kranz anatomy in Bienertia cycloptera (Chenopodiaceae). Plant Journal 31 : 649 662.
143. Voznesenskaya EV, Franceschi VR, Kiirats O, Freitag H, Edwards GE. 2001. Kranz anatomy is not essential for terrestrial C4 plant photosynthesis. Nature 414 : 543 546.
144. Walters RG. 2005. Towards an understanding of photosynthetic acclimation. Journal of Experimental Botany 56 : 435 447.
145. Watanabe N, Evans JR, Chow WS. 1994. Changes in the photosynthetic properties of Australian wheat cultivars over the last century. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 21 : 169 183.
146. Watanabe Y, Nakamura Y, Ishii R. 1997. Relationship between starch accumulation and activities of the related enzymes in the leaf sheath as a temporary sink organ in rice (Oryza sativa). Functional Plant Biology 24 : 563 569.
147. 2+ signalling. New Phytologist 179 : 568 570.
148. 2+-regulated stomatal responses. New Phytologist 179 : 675 686.
149. Wentworth M, Murchie EH, Gray JE, Villegas D, Pastenes C, Pinto M, Horton P. 2006. Differential adaptation of two varieties of common bean to abiotic stress. II. Acclimation of photosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Botany 57 : 699 709.
150. Weston E, Thorogood K, Vinti G, Lopez-Juez E. 2000. Light quantity controls leaf-cell and chloroplast development in Arabidopsis thaliana wild type and blue-light-perception mutants. Planta 211 : 807 815.
151. Wilson KE, Ivanov AG, Oquist G, Grodzinski B, Sarhan F, Huner NPA. 2006. Energy balance, organellar redox status, and acclimation to environmental stress. Canadian Journal of Botany-Revue Canadienne De Botanique 84 : 1355 1370.
152. Winder TL, Sun J, Okita TW, Edwards GE. 1998. Evidence for the occurrence of feedback inhibition of photosynthesis in rice. Plant & Cell Physiology 39 : 813 820.
153. Wingler A, Purdy S, MacLean JA, Pourtau N. 2006. The role of sugars in integrating environmental signals during the regulation of leaf senescence. Journal of Experimental Botany 57 : 391 399.
154. Woodrow IE, Mott KA. 1993. Modelling C3 photosynthesis: a sensitivity analysis of the photosynthetic carbon-reduction cycle. Planta 191 : 421 432.
155. Yang J, Zhang J, Liu L, Wang Z, Zhu Q. 2002. Carbon remobilization and grain filling in Japonica/Indica hybrid rice subjected to postanthesis water deficits. Agronomy Journal 94 : 102 109.
156. Yang JC, Zhang JH. 2006. Grain filling of cereals under soil drying. New Phytologist 169 : 223 236.
157. Yano S, Terashima I. 2001. Separate localization of light signal perception for sun or shade type chloroplast and palisade tissue differentiation in Chenopodium album. Plant and Cell Physiology 42 : 1303 1310.
158. Yeo ME, Yeo AR, Flowers TJ. 1994. Photosynthesis and photorespiration in the genus Oryza. Journal of Experimental Botany 45 : 553 560.
159. Zhang WH, Kokubun M. 2004. Historical changes in grain yield and photosynthetic rate of rice cultivars released in the 20th century in Tohoku region. Plant Production Science 7 : 36 44.
160. Zhu G, Spreitzer RJ. 1996. Directed mutagenesis of chloroplast ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Loop 6 substitutions complement for structural stability but decrease catalytic efficiency. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 : 18494 18498.
161. Zhu X-G, Long SP, Ort DR. 2008. What is the maximum efficiency with which photosynthesis can convert solar energy into biomass? Current Opinion in Biotechnology 19 : 153 159.
162. Zhu XG, Ort DR, Whitmarsh J, Long SP. 2004. The slow reversibility of photosystem II thermal energy dissipation on transfer from high to low light may cause large losses in carbon gain by crop canopies: a theoretical analysis. Journal of Experimental Botany 55 : 1167 1175.
163. Zhu X-G, de Sturler E, Long SP. 2007. Optimizing the distribution of resources between enzymes of carbon metabolism can dramatically increase photosynthetic rate: a numerical simulation using an evolutionary algorithm. Plant Physiology 145 : 513 526.