Pathways to assisted living: The influence of race and class

Journal of Applied Gerontology

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 81-108

  Ball, Mary M ^a,d   Perkins, Molly M ^b   Hollingsworth, Carole ^a   Whittington, Frank J ^c   King, Sharon V ^a  

^a GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Assisted living; Control of moving decisions; Residents' race and socioeconomic status

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGED; ARTICLE; ASSISTED LIVING FACILITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECISION MAKING; DISABILITY; EUROPEAN AMERICAN; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; POPULATION RESEARCH; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; RACE DIFFERENCE; RESIDENTIAL HOME; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIAL STATUS;

EID: 58149461156     PISSN: 07334648     EISSN: 15524523     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0733464808323451     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Administration on Aging. (2006). A profile of older Americans: 2006. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
2. Assisted Living Federation of America (2005). Assisted living: What is it? Facts and definitions. Retrieved September 20, 2005, from http://www.alfa.org/public/articles/details.cfm
3. Ball, M.M., Perkins, M.M., Whittington, F.J., Connell, B.R., Hollingsworth, C., King, S.V., et al. (2004). Managing decline in assisted living: The key to aging in place. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 59B: p. S202 - S212.
4. Ball, M.M., Perkins, M.M., Whittington, F.J., Hollingsworth, C., King, S.V., & Combs, B.L. (2004). Independence in assisted living. Journal of Aging Studies, 18, 467-483.
5. Ball, M.M., Perkins, M.M., Whittington, F.J., Hollingsworth, C., King, S.V., & Combs, B.L. (2005). Communities of care: Assisted living for African American elders. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
6. Ball, M.M., Whittington, F.J., Perkins, M.M., Patterson, V., Hollingsworth, C., King, S.V., et al. (2000). Quality of life in assisted living facilities: Viewpoints of residents. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 19, 304-325.
7. Belgrave, L., & Bradsher, J. (1994). Health as a factor in institutionalization: Disparities between African Americans and Whites. Research on Aging, 16, 115-141.
8. Belgrave, L., Wykle, M., & Choi, J. (1993). Health, double jeopardy, and culture: The use of institutionalization by African Americans. The Gerontologist, 33, 379-385.
9. Bernard, S., Zimmerman, S., & Eckert, K. (2001). In S. Zimmerman, P. Sloane, & K. Eckert (Eds.), Assisted living: Needs, practices, and policies in residential care for the elderly (pp. 224-241). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
10. Binstock, R. (1999). Public policies and minority elders. In M. Wykle & A. Ford (Eds.), Serving minority elders in the 21st century (pp. 5-24). New York: Springer.
11. Brooks, S. (1996). Separate and unequal. Contemporary Long-Term Care, 9, 40-46.
12. Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
13. Cutchin, M.P. (2003). The process of mediated aging-in-place: A theoretically and empirically based model. Social Science & Medicine, 57, 1077-1090.
14. Davidson, H., & O' Connor, B. (1990). Perceived control and acceptance of the decision to enter a nursing home as predictors of adjustment. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 31, 307-318.
15. Elder, G.H., Jr., & Kirkpatrick Johnson, M. (2003). The life course and aging: Challenges, lessons, and new directions. In R. A. Settersten Jr. (Ed.), Invitation to the life course: Toward new understandings of later life (pp. 48-81). Amityville, NY: Baywood.
16. Forbes, S., & Hoffart, N. (1998). Elders' decision making regarding the use of long-term care services: A precarious balance. Qualitative Health Research, 8, 736-750.
17. Gaugler, J., Kane, R.L., Kane, R.A., Clay, T., & Newcomer, R. (2003). Caregiving and institutionalization of cognitively impaired older people: Utilizing dynamic predictors of change. The Gerontologist, 43, 219-229.
18. Georgia Community Care Services Program. (2006). Annual report: State fiscal year 2006. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Division of Aging Services.
19. Georgia Office of Regulatory Services. (2007). [Unpublished data]. Atlanta, GA: Author.
20. Georgia State Health Planning Agency. (1993). Personal care homes in Georgia 1993. Atlanta, GA: Author.
21. Groger, L. (1994). Limit of support and reaction to illness: An exploration of Black elders' pathways to long-term care settings. Journal of Cross Cultural Gerontology, 9, 369-387.
22. Groger, L., & Kinney, J. (2006). CCRC here we come! Reasons for moving to a continuing care retirement community. Journal of Housing for the Elderly, 20, 79-101.
23. Hawes, C., Mor, V., Wildfire, J., Iannacchione, V., Lux, L., Green, R., et al. (1995). Analysis of the effect of regulation on the quality of care in board and care homes [Executive summary]. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute.
24. Hawes, C., & Phillips, C. (2000). High service or high privacy assisted living facilities, their residents and staff: Results from a national survey. Beechwood, OH: Myers Research Institute.
25. Hawes, C., Rose, M., & Phillips, C. (1999). A national study of assisted living for the frail elderly. Executive summary: Results of a national survey of facilities. Beachwood, OH: Myers Research Institute.
26. Hedrick, S., Guihan, M. Chapko, M., Manheim, L., Sullivan, J., Thomas, M., et al. (2007). Characteristics of residents and providers in the assisted living pilot program. The Gerontologist, 47, 365-377.
27. Herd, P. (2001). Vertical axes on the long-term care continuum: A comparison of board and care and assisted living. Journal of Aging and Social Policy, 13, 37-56.
28. Holzapfel, S., Schoch, C., Dodman, J., & Grant, M. (1992). Responses of nursing home residents to intrainstitutional relocation. Geriatric Nursing, 13, 192-195.
29. Jackson, J. (1985). Aged Black Americans: Double jeopardy re-examined. In J. Williams (Ed.), The state of Black America 1985 (pp. 143-175). New York: National Urban League.
30. Jackson, J., & Perry, C. (1989). Physical health conditions of middle-aged and aged Blacks. In K. Markides (Ed.), Aging and health: Perspectives on gender, race, ethnicity, and class (pp. 111-176). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
31. Jenkins, C. (2001). Resource effects on access to long-term care for frail older people. Journal of Aging and Social Policy, 13, 35-52.
32. Kemp, C. (2008). Negotiating transitions in later life: Married couples in assisted living. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 27 (3). 231-251.
33. Lawton, M. (1980). Environment and aging. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
34. Lawton, M., & Nahemow, L. (1973). Ecology and the aging process. In C. Eisdorfer & M. Lawton (Eds.), The psychology of adult development and aging (pp. 619-674). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
35. Litwak, H., & Longino, C. (1987). Migration patterns among the elderly: A developmental perspective. The Gerontologist, 27, 266-272.
36. Longino, C., & Bradley, D. (2006). Internal and international migration. In R. Binstock & L. George (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (6 th ed., pp. 76-93). Burlington, MA: Academic Press.
37. Manton, K., & Gu, X. (2001). Changes in the prevalence of chronic disability in the United States Black and non-Black population above age 65 from 1982-1999. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 98, 6354-6359.
38. Markides, K. (1983). Minority aging. In M. Riley, B. Hess, & K. Bond (Eds.), Aging in society: Selected reviews of recent research (pp. 115-137). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
39. Markides, K. (1989). Aging, gender, race, ethnicity, class, and health. In K. Markides (Ed.), Aging and health: Perspectives on gender, race, ethnicity and class (pp. 9-21). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
40. Metlife. (2006). The Metlife market survey of assisted living costs. Westport, CT: Metlife Mature Market Institute.
41. Mikhail, M. (1992). Psychological responses to relocation to a nursing home. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 18, 35-39.
42. Mollica, R., & Johnson-Lamarche, H.S. (2005). State residential care and assisted living policy: 2004. Portland, ME: National Academy for State Health Policy.
43. Moos, R., & Lemke, S. (1994). Group residences for older adults. New York: Oxford University Press.
44. Morgan, L., Eckert, K., & Lyon, S. (1995). Small board and care homes: Residential care in transition. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
45. Morgan, L.A., Gruber-Baldini, A.L., & Magaziner, J. (2001). Resident characteristics. In S. Zimmerman, P. Sloane, & K. Eckert (Eds.) Assisted living: Needs, practices, and policies in residential care for the elderly (pp. 144-172). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
46. Morgan, L., Eckert, K., Piggee, T., & Frankowski, A. (2006). Two lives in transition: Agency and context for assisted living residents. Journal of Aging Studies, 20, 123-132.
47. Mui, A., & Burnette, D. (1994). Long-term care service use by frail elders: Is ethnicity a factor ? The Gerontologist, 34, 190-198.
48. Murtaugh, C., Kemper, P., Spillman, B., & Carlson, B. (1997). The amount, distribution, and timing of lifetime nursing home use. Medical Care, 35, 204-218.
49. Mutran, E. (1985). Intergenerational family support among Blacks and Whites: Responses of culture to socioeconomic differences. Journal of Gerontology, 40, 382-389.
50. Mutran, E., Sudha, S., Reed, P., Menon, M., & Desai, T. (2001). African American use of residential care in North Carolina. In S. Zimmerman, P. Sloane, & K. Eckert (Eds.), Assisted living: Needs, practices, and policies in residential care for the elderly (pp. 92-114). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
51. National Center for Assisted Living. (2001). Facts and trends: The assisted living source book 1997. Washington, DC: American Health Care Association.
52. Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
53. Perkins, M.M., Ball, M.M., Whittington, F.J., & Combs, B.L. (2004). Managing the needs of low-income board and care residents: A process of negotiating risks. Qualitative Health Research, 14, 478-495.
54. Reed, J., Cook, G., Sullivan, A., & Burridge, C. (2003). Making a move: Care-home residents' experiences of relocation. Ageing & Society, 23, 225-241.
55. Reinardy, J. (1992). Decisional control in moving to a nursing home: Post admission adjustment and well-being. The Gerontologist, 32, 96-103.
56. Reinardy, J., & Kane, R. (2003). Anatomy of choice: Deciding on assisted living or nursing home care in Oregon. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 22, 152-174.
57. Rossen, E., & Knafl, K. (2003). Older women's response to residential relocation: Description of transition styles. Qualitative Health Research, 13, 20-36.
58. Settersen, R.A. (2003). Propositions and controversies in life-course scholarship. In R. A. Settersen Jr. (Ed.), Invitation to the life course: Toward new understandings of later life (pp. 15-45). Amityville, NY: Baywood.
59. Sikorska-Simmons, E. (2006). Linking resident satisfaction to staff perceptions of the work environment in assisted living: A multilevel analysis. The Gerontologist, 46, 590-598.
60. Stearns, S., & Morgan, L. (2001). Economics and financing. In K. Namazi & P. Chafetz (Eds.), Assisted living: Current issues in facility management and resident care (pp. 271-291). Westport, CT: Auburn House.
61. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). The basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
62. Wallace, S., Levy-Storms, L., Kington, R., & Anderson, R. (1998). The persistence of race and ethnicity in the use of long-term care. Journal of Gerontology, 53B, S104 - S112.
63. Young, H. (1998). Moving to congregate housing: The last chosen home. Journal of Aging Studies, 12, 149-165.