Tritium inventory in ITER plasma-facing materials and tritium removal procedures

Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion

Volumn 50, Issue 10, 2008, Pages

  Roth, Joachim ^a   Tsitrone, Emmanuelle ^b   Loarer, Thierry ^b   Philipps, Volker ^c   Brezinsek, Sebastijan ^c   Loarte, Alberto ^d   Counsell, Glenn F ^e,h   Doerner, Russell P ^f   Schmid, Klaus ^a   Ogorodnikova, Olga V ^a   Causey, Rion A ^g  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR PLASMAPHYSIK   (Germany)

^b IRFM   (France)

^c FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

^d EFDA CLOSE SUPPORT UNIT   (Germany)

^e CULHAM SCIENCE CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^g SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

^h FUSION FOR ENERGY   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALKALINE EARTH METALS; BERYLLIUM; CARBON FIBERS; ELECTRIC DISCHARGES; EXPERIMENTAL REACTORS; FACINGS; FLOW INTERACTIONS; FUSION REACTORS; HYDROGEN; PLASMA DEPOSITION; PLASMA INTERACTIONS; PLASMAS; SURFACE DIFFUSION; TUNGSTEN; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

ACTIVE AREAS; CARBON FIBRE COMPOSITES; CO DEPOSITIONS; DIVERTOR PLATES; ENGINEERING PROBLEMS; FUSION DEVICES; HYDROGEN RETENTIONS; INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS; ITER MATERIALS; LIFE-TIMES; MATERIAL SELECTIONS; OPERATIONAL SCHEMES; PLASMA OPERATIONS; PRESENT STATUSES; SURFACE EROSIONS; TRITIUM ACCUMULATIONS; TRITIUM INVENTORIES; TRITIUM REMOVALS; VESSEL WALLS;

TRITIUM;

EID: 58149307436     PISSN: 07413335     EISSN: 13616587     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0741-3335/50/10/103001     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Federici G et al 2001 Nucl. Fusion 41 (1) 1967
2. Federici G et al 2003 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 45 1523
3. Lipschultz B et al 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 1189-205
4. ITER Documentation 2001 Generic Site Safety Report volumes III, ITER Document Ref. G 84 RI
5. Loarer T et al 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 1112-20
6. Shimada M, Campbell D J, Sugihara M, Loarte A, Lowry C, Pick M, Mukhovatov V, Kukushkin A and Chuyanov V 2008 ITER Research Plan of Plasma-Wall Interaction J. Nucl. Mater. submitted
7. Bergsaker H et al 1987 J. Nucl. Mater. 145-147 727
8. Wampler W R et al 1988 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6 2111
9. Skinner C et al 1997 J. Nucl. Mater. 241-243 214
10. Andrew P, Brennan P D and Coad J P 1999 Fusion Eng. Des. 47 233-45
11. Skinner C H et al 1999 J. Nucl. Mater. 266-269 940
12. Loarer T et al 2008 Fuel retention in tokamaks J. Nucl. Mater. submitted
13. Bucalossi J et al 2007 J. Nucl. Mater. 363-365 759-63
14. Wienhold P et al 2003 J. Nucl. Mater. 313-316 311-20
15. Mayer M, Rohde V, Likonen J, Vainonen-Ahlgren E, Krieger K, Gong X and Chen J ASDEX Upgrade Team 2005 J. Nucl. Mater. 337-33 119-23
16. Tsitrone E 2007 Key issues for steady-state operation J. Nucl. Mater. 363-365 12
17. Pégourié B et al 2008 Overview of the deuterium inventory campaign in Tore Supra: operational conditions and particle balance PSI Toledo J. Nucl. Mater. submitted
18. Rubel M et al 2003 Phys. Scr. T103 20-4
19. Loarer T T et al 2003 30th Conf. on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics (St Petersburg, Russia, 7-11 July 2003)
20. Gruber O for the ASDEX Upgrade Team 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 S622-34
21. Mayer M et al 2008 Carbon balance and deuterium inventory from a carbon dominated to a full tungsten ASDEX Upgrade J. Nucl. Mater. submitted
22. Wampler W R, LaBombard B, Lipschultz B, McCracken G M, Pappas D A and Pitcher C S 1999 J. Nucl. Mater. 266-269 217
23. Whyte D G, Coad J P, Franzen P and Maier H 2001 Nucl. Fusion 41 47
24. Schmid K 2008 Beryllium flux distribution and layer deposition in the ITER divertor J. Nucl. Mater. submitted
25. Wampler W R and Magee C W 1981 J. Nucl. Mater. 103-104 509
26. Scherzer B M U, Wielunski M, Möller W, Turos A and Roth J 1988 Nuclear Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 33 714-8
27. Causey R, Wilson K, Venhaus T and Wampler W R 1999 J. Nucl. Mater. 266-269 467
28. Möller W, Scherzer B M U and Bohdansky J 1985 Retention and release of deuterium implanted into beryllium IPP-JET Report No 26
29. Anderl R A et al 1999 J. Nucl. Mater. 273 1
30. Roth J, Alimov V Kh, Golubeva A V, Doerner R P, Hanna J, Tsitrone E, Brosset Ch, Rohde V, Herrmann A and Mayer M 2007 J. Nucl. Mater. 363-365 822-6
31. Golubeva A, Kurnaev V A, Mayer M and Roth J 2006 Hydrogen retention in plasma-sprayed tungsten AIP Conf. Proc. 837 12-21 Hydrogen in Matter ed G R Myneni and B Hjörvarsson (Melville, NY: American Institute of Physics)
32. Reinelt M and Linsmeier Ch 2007 private communication
33. Doyle B L, Wampler W R, Brice D K and Picraux S T 1980 J. Nucl. Mater. 93-94 551
34. Haasz A A and Davis J 1994 J. Nucl. Mater. 209 1140
35. Bernier N et al 2007 unpublished
36. Khodja H et al 2008 3D deuterium distribution in CFC from the Tore Supra tokamak J. Nucl. Mater. submitted
37. Causey R A and Venhaus T J 2001 Phys. Scr. 94 9
38. Ogorodnikova O, Roth J and Mayer M 2003 J. Nucl. Mater. 313-316 469
39. Alimov V Kh and Roth J 2007 Phys. Scr. T128 6-13
40. Bolt H, Barabash V, Federici G, Linke J, Loarte A, Roth J and Sato K 2002 J. Nucl. Mater. 307-311 43
41. Baluc N 2001 Final Report on EFDA Task TW1-TTMA-002 Del. 5: Assessment report on W
42. ITER Documentation 2001 Materials Assessment Report G 74 MA 10 01-07-11 W chapter 2.2 Tungsten
43. Eldrup M, Li M, Snead L and Zinkle S 2007 Characterization of defect accumulation in neutron-irradiated Mo by positron annihilation spectroscopy (ICFRM 13, Nice, 2007) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B unpublished
44. Ogorodnikova O 2007 ITPA SOL/DIV Garching unpublished
45. Baskes M I Sandia Nat. Lab. Livermore rep.SAND80-8201 (1980)
46. Sigmund P 1969 Phys. Rev. 184 383
47. Behrisch R and Eckstein W (ed) 2007 Sputtering by Particle Bombardment (Berlin: Springer)
48. Eckstein W 1991 Computer Simulation of Ion Solid Interactions (Springer Series in Materials Science) 1st edn (Berlin: Springer)
49. Bohdansky J, Roth J and Bay H L 1980 J. Appl. Phys. 51 2861
50. Roth J, Bohdansky J and Martinelli A P 1980 Radiat. Eff. 48 213
51. Roth J, Bohdansky J, Poschenrieder W and Sinha M K 1976 J. Nucl. Mater. 63 222
52. Jacob W and Roth J 2007 Sputtering by Particle Bombardment ed R Behrisch and W Eckstein (Berlin: Springer)
53. Roth J et al 2004 Nucl. Fusion 44 L21
54. Salonen E, Nordlund K, Keinonen J and Wu C H 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 195415
55. Whyte D G, Brooks J N, Stangeby P C and Brooks N H 2004 Phys. Scr. T111 34-41
56. Vietzke E 1987 J. Nucl. Mater. 145-147 443
57. Schmid K, Baldwin M and Doerner R 2005 J. Nucl. Mater. 337-339 862-6
58. Jacob W, Hopf C, Schlüter M and Schwarz-Selinger T 2005 J. Nucl. Mater. 337-339 839-46
59. Kirschner A et al 2004 J. Nucl. Mater. 328 62
60. Vietzke E and Haasz A A 1996 Physical Processes of the Interaction of Fusion Plasmas with Solids ed W O Hofer and J Roth (San Diego: Academic)
61. Bohmeyer W et al 2005 J. Nucl. Mater. 337-339 89
62. Mayer M and Rohde V the ASDEX Upgrade Team 2006 Nucl. Fusion 46 914
63. Bohmeyer W et al 2003 Proc. 30th EPS Conf. on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics (St Petersburg, Russia) vol 27A p 3.184
64. Doerner R and Baldwin M 2007 PISCES-B, re-erosion of Be private communication
65. Doerner R P, Baldwin M J, De Temmerman G, Hanna J, Nishijima D, Roth J, Schmid K, Tynan G R and Umstadter K 2008 Issues Associated with Co-Deposition of Deuterium with ITER Materials (Genova: IAEA) unpublished
66. Schwarz-Selinger T, von Keudell A and Jacob W 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 86 3988
67. Jacob W 1988 Thin Solid Films 326 1
68. Doerner R 2007 ITPA SOL/DIV Garching unpublished
69. Mayer M et al 1997 J. Nucl. Mater. 240 164
70. Baldwin M et al 2005 J. Nucl. Mater. 337-339 590
71. Brooks J and Kirschner A 2003 J. Nucl. Mater. 313-316 424
72. Roth J et al 2005 J. Nucl. Mater. 337-339 970
73. Kirschner A, Borodin D, Droste S, Philipps V, Samm U, Federici G, Kukushkin A and Loarte A 2007 J. Nucl. Mater. 363-365 91-5
74. Behrisch R, Federici G, Kukushkin A and Reiter D 2003 J. Nucl. Mater. 313-316 388-92
75. Federici G et al 2001 J. Nucl. Mater. 290-293 260
76. Verbeek H, Stober J, Coster D P, Eckstein W and Schneider R 1998 Nucl. Fusion 38 1789
77. Kallenbach A and Loarte A 2007 ITPA SOL/DIV (Avila, January 2008) private communication presented at the
78. Pugno R, Schmid K, Baldwin M J, Doerner R, Hanna J, Nishijima D, Rohde V and Roth J 2008 J. Nucl. Mater. 375 168-72
79. Schmid K et al 2005 Report EFDA Task TUNMOD and ITPA Tarragona
80. Coad J P et al 2007 Nucl. Mater. 363-365 287
81. Mathews G 2005 J. Nucl. Mater. 337-339 1-9
82. Counsell G F et al 2006 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion B 48 89
83. Gouge M et al 1995 Fusion Technol. 28 1644
84. Schlüter M, Hopf C and Jacob W 2008 Chemical sputtering of carbon by combined exposure to nitrogen ions and atomic hydrogen New J. Phys. submitted
85. Tabarés F L et al 2002 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 44 L37
86. Tabarés F L and Rohde V 2005 Nucl. Fusion 45 L27
87. Bohmayer W et al 2008 18th Plasma Surface Interactions Conf. (Toledo, Spain) to be presented at the
88. Causey R A et al 1990 J. Nucl. Mater. 176-177 987
89. Ochoukov R, Haasz A A and Davis J W 2006 Phys. Scr. T124 27
90. Tsui C K et al 2008 Nucl. Fusion 48 035008
91. Baldwin M J et al 2005 J. Nucl. Mater. 337-339 590
92. Causey R A and Walsh D S 1998 J. Nucl. Mater. 254 84
93. Anderl R A et al 1997 J. Fusion Energy 16 95
94. Skinner C H et al 2003 J. Nucl. Mater. 313-316 496
95. Grisolia C et al 2007 J. Nucl. Mater. 363-365 1138
96. Widdowson A et al 2007 J. Nucl. Mater. 363-365 341
97. Grisolia C et al 2005 Fusion Eng. Des. 81 149
98. Bekris N et al 2007 8th Int. Symp. on Fusion Nuclear Technology (Heidelberg, Germany) Fusion Sci. Technol. unpublished