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The Ca-isotopic composition of a sample is expressed as the deviation from a standard solution value, using δ-notation in per mil: δ44/40Ca, 44Ca/40Ca sample, 44Ca/40Ca standard, 44Ca/ 40Ca standard] x 1000, where 44Ca/40Ca standard refers to the 44Ca/40Ca isotopic ratio of seawater
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Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online.
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Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online.
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A constant residence time in the model requires that the output flux of Ca2+ and the total amount of dissolved Ca2+ in the oceans vary together. This is a valid assumption if changes in Ca2+ concentration occurred due to changes in the input flux of Ca2+ to the ocean that are not accompanied with changes in the C cycle. If a change in Ca2+ input flux was associated with and compensated by a change in CaCO3 sedimentation through an increase in alkalinity, no change in Ca2+ concentration would result. Increasing or decreasing the residence time by 50% gives similar fluctuations but different magnitudes (peak concentrations range from 180% to 290% of present values, fig. S5, Modeling the Ca2+ system with full carbonate chemistry reveals the sensitivity of the Ca2+ cycle to changes in C on long time scales >10,000 years, 27, A mechanism for decoupling the two cycles is required
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58149266085
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Generated using a smoothing parameter (P = 0.80) and data weighted by its precision in the MATLAB 7.6.0.324 (R2008a) cubic smoothing spline function csaps.
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Generated using a smoothing parameter (P = 0.80) and data weighted by its precision in the MATLAB 7.6.0.324 (R2008a) cubic smoothing spline function csaps.
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58149264223
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Samples provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. We thank A. Eisenhauer, J. Fitzpatrick, W. A. Griffith, R. Jones, and G. Li for analytical assistance. Supported by NSF CAREER Grant OCE-0449732 (A.P, and by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship E.M.G
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Samples provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. We thank A. Eisenhauer, J. Fitzpatrick, W. A. Griffith, R. Jones, and G. Li for analytical assistance. Supported by NSF CAREER Grant OCE-0449732 (A.P.) and by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (E.M.G.).
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