메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 127, Issue 10, 1999, Pages 2266-2280

The low-level structure of African easterly waves in 1995

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC MOTION; BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; BAROTROPIC INSTABILITY; EASTERLY WAVE;

EID: 0033383928     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2266:TLLSOA>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (130)

References (33)
  • 1
    • 0019092093 scopus 로고
    • The origin of African wave disturbances during phase III of GATE
    • Albignat, J. P., and R. J. Reed, 1980: The origin of African wave disturbances during phase III of GATE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1827-1839.
    • (1980) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.108 , pp. 1827-1839
    • Albignat, J.P.1    Reed, R.J.2
  • 2
    • 0012816047 scopus 로고
    • Atlantic tropical systems of 1993
    • Avila, L. A., and R. J. Pasch, 1995: Atlantic tropical systems of 1993. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 887-896.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 887-896
    • Avila, L.A.1    Pasch, R.J.2
  • 3
    • 0002559831 scopus 로고
    • The origin and structure of easterly waves in the lower troposphere of North Africa
    • Burpee, R. W., 1972: The origin and structure of easterly waves in the lower troposphere of North Africa. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 77-90.
    • (1972) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 77-90
    • Burpee, R.W.1
  • 4
    • 0000782542 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of the North African easterly waves during the summers of 1968 and 1969
    • _, 1974: Characteristics of the North African easterly waves during the summers of 1968 and 1969. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1556-1570.
    • (1974) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 1556-1570
  • 5
    • 0001397145 scopus 로고
    • Synoptic histories of three African disturbances that developed into Atlantic hurricanes
    • Carlson, T. N., 1969a: Synoptic histories of three African disturbances that developed into Atlantic hurricanes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 97, 256-276.
    • (1969) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.97 , pp. 256-276
    • Carlson, T.N.1
  • 6
    • 0000367424 scopus 로고
    • Some remarks on African disturbances and their progress over the tropical Atlantic
    • _, 1969b: Some remarks on African disturbances and their progress over the tropical Atlantic. Mon. Wea. Rev., 97, 716-726.
    • (1969) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.97 , pp. 716-726
  • 7
    • 0027829843 scopus 로고
    • Impact of desert environment on the genesis of African wave disturbances
    • Chang, C. B., 1993: Impact of desert environment on the genesis of African wave disturbances. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2137-2145.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 2137-2145
    • Chang, C.B.1
  • 8
    • 0001099853 scopus 로고
    • On the stability of internal baroclinic jets in a rotating atmosphere
    • Charney, J. G., and M. E. Stern, 1962: On the stability of internal baroclinic jets in a rotating atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 19, 159-172.
    • (1962) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.19 , pp. 159-172
    • Charney, J.G.1    Stern, M.E.2
  • 9
    • 0027371422 scopus 로고
    • The Unified Forecast/Climate model
    • Cullen, M. J. P., 1993: The Unified Forecast/Climate model. Meteor. Mag., 122, 81-94.
    • (1993) Meteor. Mag. , vol.122 , pp. 81-94
    • Cullen, M.J.P.1
  • 10
    • 0018506597 scopus 로고
    • Lanczos filtering in one and two dimensions
    • Duchon, C. E., 1979: Lanczos filtering in one and two dimensions. J. Appl. Meteor., 18, 1016-1022.
    • (1979) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.18 , pp. 1016-1022
    • Duchon, C.E.1
  • 11
    • 0022848067 scopus 로고
    • An air-sea interaction theory for tropical cyclones. Part I: Steady-state maintenance
    • Emanuel, K. A., 1986: An air-sea interaction theory for tropical cyclones. Part I: Steady-state maintenance. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 585-604.
    • (1986) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 585-604
    • Emanuel, K.A.1
  • 12
    • 0000236001 scopus 로고
    • Atlantic tropical systems of 1969
    • Frank, N. L., 1970: Atlantic tropical systems of 1969. Mon. Wea. Rev., 98, 307-314.
    • (1970) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.98 , pp. 307-314
    • Frank, N.L.1
  • 13
    • 0022167076 scopus 로고
    • On the use and significance of isentropic potenlial vorticity maps
    • Hoskins, B. J., M. E. McIntyre, and A. W. Robertson, 1985: On the use and significance of isentropic potenlial vorticity maps. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 877-946.
    • (1985) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.111 , pp. 877-946
    • Hoskins, B.J.1    McIntyre, M.E.2    Robertson, A.W.3
  • 14
    • 0041377440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidar observations of Saharan dust layer and its influence on tropical cyclogenesis
    • Preprints, Ft. Collins, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Karyampudi, V. M., J. Simpson, S. Palm, and H. Pierce, 1997: Lidar observations of Saharan dust layer and its influence on tropical cyclogenesis. Preprints, 22d Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Ft. Collins, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 59-60.
    • (1997) 22d Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology , pp. 59-60
    • Karyampudi, V.M.1    Simpson, J.2    Palm, S.3    Pierce, H.4
  • 15
    • 0027880803 scopus 로고
    • A climatology of intense (or major) Atlantic hurricanes
    • Landsea, C. W., 1993: A climatology of intense (or major) Atlantic hurricanes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1703-1713.
    • (1993) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.121 , pp. 1703-1713
    • Landsea, C.W.1
  • 16
    • 84977738481 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal forecasting of Atlantic hurricane activity
    • _, W. M. Gray, P. W. Mielke Jr., and K. J. Berry, 1994: Seasonal forecasting of Atlantic hurricane activity. Weather, 49, 273-284.
    • (1994) Weather , vol.49 , pp. 273-284
    • Gray, W.M.1    Mielke Jr., P.W.2    Berry, K.J.3
  • 18
    • 0343501962 scopus 로고
    • Four-dimensional analysis experiment during the gate period. Part II
    • Miyakoda, K., J. Sheldon, and J. Sirutis, 1982: Four-dimensional analysis experiment during the gate period. Part II. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 486-506.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 486-506
    • Miyakoda, K.1    Sheldon, J.2    Sirutis, J.3
  • 19
    • 0029480468 scopus 로고
    • External influences on hurricane intensity. Part III: Potential vorticity structure
    • Molinari, J., S. Skubis, and D. Vollaro, 1995: External influences on hurricane intensity. Part III: Potential vorticity structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 3593-3606.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 3593-3606
    • Molinari, J.1    Skubis, S.2    Vollaro, D.3
  • 20
    • 7044245952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential vorticity, easterly waves, and eastern Pacific tropical cyclogenesis
    • _, D. Knight, M. Dickinson, D. Vollaro, and S. Skubis, 1997: Potential vorticity, easterly waves, and eastern Pacific tropical cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2699-2708.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 2699-2708
    • Knight, D.1    Dickinson, M.2    Vollaro, D.3    Skubis, S.4
  • 21
    • 0022166869 scopus 로고
    • Global analysis of the lower tropospheric disturbances in the Tropics during the northern summer of the FGGE year. Part II: Regional characteristics of the disturbances
    • Nitta, T., and Y. Takayabu, 1985: Global analysis of the lower tropospheric disturbances in the Tropics during the northern summer of the FGGE year. Part II: Regional characteristics of the disturbances. Pure Appl. Geophys., 123, 272-292.
    • (1985) Pure Appl. Geophys. , vol.123 , pp. 272-292
    • Nitta, T.1    Takayabu, Y.2
  • 22
    • 0001069612 scopus 로고
    • The energetics of African wave disturbances as observed during phase 111 of GATE
    • Norquist, D. C., E. E. Recker, and R. J. Reed, 1977: The energetics of African wave disturbances as observed during phase 111 of GATE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 334-342.
    • (1977) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.105 , pp. 334-342
    • Norquist, D.C.1    Recker, E.E.2    Reed, R.J.3
  • 23
    • 0028848728 scopus 로고
    • African easterly waves and convection. Part I: Linear simulations
    • Paradis, D., J. P. Lafore, J. L. Redelsperger, and V. Balaji, 1995: African easterly waves and convection. Part I: Linear simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1657-1679.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 1657-1679
    • Paradis, D.1    Lafore, J.P.2    Redelsperger, J.L.3    Balaji, V.4
  • 24
    • 0031671261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlantic tropical systems of 1994 and 1995: A comparison of a quiet season to a near-record-breaking one
    • Pasch, R. J., L. A. Avila, and J.-G. Jiing, 1998: Atlantic tropical systems of 1994 and 1995: A comparison of a quiet season to a near-record-breaking one. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1106-1123.
    • (1998) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.126 , pp. 1106-1123
    • Pasch, R.J.1    Avila, L.A.2    Jiing, J.-G.3
  • 25
    • 0001069613 scopus 로고
    • The structure and properties of African wave disturbances as observed during phase III of GATE
    • Reed, R. J., D. C. Norquist, and E. E. Recker, 1977: The structure and properties of African wave disturbances as observed during phase III of GATE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 317-333.
    • (1977) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.105 , pp. 317-333
    • Reed, R.J.1    Norquist, D.C.2    Recker, E.E.3
  • 26
    • 0024193556 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the ECMWF operational system in analyzing and forecasting easterly wave disturbances over Africa and the tropical Atlantic
    • _, A. Hollingsworth, W. A. Heckley, and F. Delsol, 1988a: An evaluation of the ECMWF operational system in analyzing and forecasting easterly wave disturbances over Africa and the tropical Atlantic. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 824-865.
    • (1988) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.116 , pp. 824-865
    • Hollingsworth, A.1    Heckley, W.A.2    Delsol, F.3
  • 27
    • 0024199241 scopus 로고
    • The structure and characteristics of African easterly wave disturbances as determined from the ECMWF Operational Analysis/Forecast System
    • _, E. Klinker, and A. Hollingsworth, 1988b: The structure and characteristics of African easterly wave disturbances as determined from the ECMWF Operational Analysis/Forecast System. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 38, 22-33.
    • (1988) Meteor. Atmos. Phys. , vol.38 , pp. 22-33
    • Klinker, E.1    Hollingsworth, A.2
  • 29
    • 0029515364 scopus 로고
    • An idealized study of African easterly waves. Part III: More realistic basic states
    • Thorncroft, C. D., 1995: An idealized study of African easterly waves. Part III: More realistic basic states. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 1589-1614.
    • (1995) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.121 , pp. 1589-1614
    • Thorncroft, C.D.1
  • 30
    • 0028594682 scopus 로고
    • An idealized study of African easterly waves. Part I: A linear view
    • _, and B. J. Hoskins, 1994a: An idealized study of African easterly waves. Part I: A linear view. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 953-982.
    • (1994) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.120 , pp. 953-982
    • Hoskins, B.J.1
  • 31
    • 0028582470 scopus 로고
    • An idealized study of African easterly waves. Part II: A nonlinear view
    • _, and _, 1994b: An idealized study of African easterly waves. Part II: A nonlinear view. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 983-1015.
    • (1994) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.120 , pp. 983-1015
  • 32
    • 0032807715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of the African Easterly Jet
    • _, and M. Blackburn, 1998: Maintenance of the African Easterly Jet. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 763-786.
    • (1998) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.125 , pp. 763-786
    • Blackburn, M.1
  • 33
    • 0009065291 scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis of wind velocity in an easterly wave over West Africa
    • Viltard, A., and P. De Felice, 1979: Statistical analysis of wind velocity in an easterly wave over West Africa. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 1320-1327.
    • (1979) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.107 , pp. 1320-1327
    • Viltard, A.1    De Felice, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.