메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 372, Issue 9656, 2008, Pages 2152-2161

De testimonio: on the evidence for decisions about the use of therapeutic interventions

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT;

EID: 57649198083     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61930-3     Document Type: Note
Times cited : (253)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0003882451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London
    • Shapin S. The scientific revolution (1996), University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London
    • (1996) The scientific revolution
    • Shapin, S.1
  • 3
    • 0035845305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new system for grading recommendations in evidence based guidelines
    • Harbour R., and Miller J. A new system for grading recommendations in evidence based guidelines. BMJ 323 (2001) 334-336
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.323 , pp. 334-336
    • Harbour, R.1    Miller, J.2
  • 5
    • 3542998742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute for Clinical Excellence and its value judgments
    • Rawlins M.D., and Culyer A.J. National Institute for Clinical Excellence and its value judgments. BMJ 329 (2004) 224-227
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.329 , pp. 224-227
    • Rawlins, M.D.1    Culyer, A.J.2
  • 6
    • 0003837917 scopus 로고
    • John Wiley & Sons, Chichester
    • Pocock S.J. Clinical Trials (1983), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester
    • (1983) Clinical Trials
    • Pocock, S.J.1
  • 7
    • 0035901579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials: explanation and elaboration
    • Altman D.G., Schulz K.F., Egger M., et al. The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med 134 (2001) 663-694
    • (2001) Ann Intern Med , vol.134 , pp. 663-694
    • Altman, D.G.1    Schulz, K.F.2    Egger, M.3
  • 8
    • 0035901583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CONSORT Statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials
    • Moher D., Schulz K.F., and Altman D.G. The CONSORT Statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials. Ann Intern Med 134 (2001) 657-662
    • (2001) Ann Intern Med , vol.134 , pp. 657-662
    • Moher, D.1    Schulz, K.F.2    Altman, D.G.3
  • 9
    • 34247860590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reports of clinical trials should begin and end with up-to-date systematic reviews of other relevant evidence: a status report
    • Clarke M., Hopewell S., and Chalmers I. Reports of clinical trials should begin and end with up-to-date systematic reviews of other relevant evidence: a status report. J R Soc Med 100 (2007) 187-190
    • (2007) J R Soc Med , vol.100 , pp. 187-190
    • Clarke, M.1    Hopewell, S.2    Chalmers, I.3
  • 10
    • 57649186384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Royal College of Physicians, London
    • Rawlins M.D. De testimonio (2008), Royal College of Physicians, London
    • (2008) De testimonio
    • Rawlins, M.D.1
  • 11
    • 0025031812 scopus 로고
    • No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons
    • Rothman K. No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology 1 (1990) 43-46
    • (1990) Epidemiology , vol.1 , pp. 43-46
    • Rothman, K.1
  • 12
    • 18744406319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiplicity in randomised trials II: subgroups and interim analyses
    • Schulz K.F., and Grimes D.A. Multiplicity in randomised trials II: subgroups and interim analyses. Lancet 365 (2005) 1657-1661
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1657-1661
    • Schulz, K.F.1    Grimes, D.A.2
  • 13
    • 27644487803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trials stopped early for benefit: a systematic review
    • Montori V.M., Devereaux P.J., Adhikari N.K.J., et al. Randomised trials stopped early for benefit: a systematic review. JAMA 294 (2005) 2203-2209
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , pp. 2203-2209
    • Montori, V.M.1    Devereaux, P.J.2    Adhikari, N.K.J.3
  • 15
    • 27644556320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When not to stop clinical trials for benefit
    • Pocock S.J. When not to stop clinical trials for benefit. JAMA 294 (2005) 2228-2230
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , pp. 2228-2230
    • Pocock, S.J.1
  • 16
    • 43249093045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More on subgroup analyses
    • Pocock S.J., and Lubsen J. More on subgroup analyses. N Engl J Med 358 (2008) 2076
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 2076
    • Pocock, S.J.1    Lubsen, J.2
  • 17
    • 36348939350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics in medicine-reporting of subgroup analyses in clinical trials
    • Wang R., Lagakos S.W., Ware J., Hunter D.J., and Drazen J.M. Statistics in medicine-reporting of subgroup analyses in clinical trials. N Engl J Med 357 (2007) 2189-2194
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 2189-2194
    • Wang, R.1    Lagakos, S.W.2    Ware, J.3    Hunter, D.J.4    Drazen, J.M.5
  • 18
    • 33750349179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian statistics in medicine: a 25 year review
    • Ashby D. Bayesian statistics in medicine: a 25 year review. Stat Med 25 (2006) 3589-3631
    • (2006) Stat Med , vol.25 , pp. 3589-3631
    • Ashby, D.1
  • 21
    • 0026698925 scopus 로고
    • Feasability, safety, and efficacy of domiciliary thrombolysis by general practitioners: Grampian region early anistreplase trial
    • GREAT Group
    • GREAT Group. Feasability, safety, and efficacy of domiciliary thrombolysis by general practitioners: Grampian region early anistreplase trial. BMJ 305 (1992) 548-553
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.305 , pp. 548-553
  • 22
    • 0027126364 scopus 로고
    • Grampian region early anastroplase trial
    • Pocock S.J., and Speigelhalter D.J. Grampian region early anastroplase trial. BMJ 305 (1992) 1015
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.305 , pp. 1015
    • Pocock, S.J.1    Speigelhalter, D.J.2
  • 23
    • 0032564164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesians and frequentists
    • Bland J.M., and Altman D.G. Bayesians and frequentists. BMJ 317 (1998) 1151
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 1151
    • Bland, J.M.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 24
    • 24944495908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to bayesian methods: floor discussion
    • Berry D., Goodman S.N., Louis T.A., and Temple R. Introduction to bayesian methods: floor discussion. Clin Trials 2 (2005) 301-304
    • (2005) Clin Trials , vol.2 , pp. 301-304
    • Berry, D.1    Goodman, S.N.2    Louis, T.A.3    Temple, R.4
  • 25
    • 33747892980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Centre for Devices and Radiological Health, Bethesda
    • Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for the use of bayesian statistics in medical device trials (2006), US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Centre for Devices and Radiological Health, Bethesda
    • (2006) Guidance for the use of bayesian statistics in medical device trials
  • 26
    • 24944510799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to bayesian methods III: use and interpretation of bayesian tools in design and analysis
    • Berry D.A. Introduction to bayesian methods III: use and interpretation of bayesian tools in design and analysis. Clin Trials 2 (2005) 295-300
    • (2005) Clin Trials , vol.2 , pp. 295-300
    • Berry, D.A.1
  • 27
    • 37349032505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 25 years of Bayesian methods in the pharmaceutical industry: a personal, statistical bummel
    • Grieve A.P. 25 years of Bayesian methods in the pharmaceutical industry: a personal, statistical bummel. Pharm Stat 6 (2007) 261-361
    • (2007) Pharm Stat , vol.6 , pp. 261-361
    • Grieve, A.P.1
  • 28
    • 0029912547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why we need observational studies to evaluate the effectiveness of health care
    • Black N. Why we need observational studies to evaluate the effectiveness of health care. BMJ 312 (1996) 1215-1218
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , pp. 1215-1218
    • Black, N.1
  • 29
    • 11444261579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • External validity of randomised controlled trials: "To whom do the benefits apply?"
    • Rothwell P.M. External validity of randomised controlled trials: "To whom do the benefits apply?". Lancet 365 (2005) 82-93
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 82-93
    • Rothwell, P.M.1
  • 30
    • 28044468217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The causes and effects of socio-demographic exclusions from clinical trials
    • Bartlett C., Doyal L., Ebrahim S., Davey P., et al. The causes and effects of socio-demographic exclusions from clinical trials. Health Technol Assess 9 (2005) 38
    • (2005) Health Technol Assess , vol.9 , pp. 38
    • Bartlett, C.1    Doyal, L.2    Ebrahim, S.3    Davey, P.4
  • 31
    • 0037067884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representation of the elderly. women, and minorities in heart failure trials
    • Heiat A., Gross C.P., and Krumhplz H.M. Representation of the elderly. women, and minorities in heart failure trials. Arch Intern Med 162 (2002) 1682-1688
    • (2002) Arch Intern Med , vol.162 , pp. 1682-1688
    • Heiat, A.1    Gross, C.P.2    Krumhplz, H.M.3
  • 32
    • 0007909690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying the results of systematic reviews at the bedside
    • Egger M., Davey Smith G., and Altman D.G. (Eds), BMJ Books, London
    • McAlister F.A. Applying the results of systematic reviews at the bedside. In: Egger M., Davey Smith G., and Altman D.G. (Eds). Systematic reviews in health care: meta-analysis in context (2001), BMJ Books, London
    • (2001) Systematic reviews in health care: meta-analysis in context
    • McAlister, F.A.1
  • 33
    • 0007939368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective cohort study to determine if trial efficacy of anticoagulation for stoke prevention in atrial fibrillation translates into clinical effectiveness
    • Kalra L., Yu G., Perez I., Lakhani A., and Donaldson N. Prospective cohort study to determine if trial efficacy of anticoagulation for stoke prevention in atrial fibrillation translates into clinical effectiveness. BMJ 320 (2000) 1236-1239
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.320 , pp. 1236-1239
    • Kalra, L.1    Yu, G.2    Perez, I.3    Lakhani, A.4    Donaldson, N.5
  • 34
    • 70350129173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics: analysis and presentation of safety data
    • Talbot J., and Waller P. (Eds), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester
    • Evans S.J.W. Statistics: analysis and presentation of safety data. In: Talbot J., and Waller P. (Eds). Stephen's detection of new adverse reactions. 5th edn. (2004), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester
    • (2004) Stephen's detection of new adverse reactions. 5th edn.
    • Evans, S.J.W.1
  • 35
    • 0027491257 scopus 로고
    • Effects of prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug therapy in acute myocardial infarction
    • Teo K.K., Yusuf S., and Furberg C.D. Effects of prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug therapy in acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 270 (1993) 1589-1595
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , pp. 1589-1595
    • Teo, K.K.1    Yusuf, S.2    Furberg, C.D.3
  • 36
    • 0037152096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence from randomised trials on the long-term effects of hormone replacement therapy
    • Beral V., Banks E., and Reeves G. Evidence from randomised trials on the long-term effects of hormone replacement therapy. Lancet 360 (2002) 942-944
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 942-944
    • Beral, V.1    Banks, E.2    Reeves, G.3
  • 37
    • 34447314711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials bureaucracy: unintended consequences of well-intentioned policy
    • Califf R.M. Clinical trials bureaucracy: unintended consequences of well-intentioned policy. Clin Trials 3 (2006) 496-502
    • (2006) Clin Trials , vol.3 , pp. 496-502
    • Califf, R.M.1
  • 38
    • 40949112288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensible approaches for reducing clinical trial costs
    • Eisenstein E.L., Collins R., Cracknell B.S., et al. Sensible approaches for reducing clinical trial costs. Clin Trials 5 (2008) 75-84
    • (2008) Clin Trials , vol.5 , pp. 75-84
    • Eisenstein, E.L.1    Collins, R.2    Cracknell, B.S.3
  • 39
    • 17244369871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Readers guide to critical appraisal of cohort studies, 1: role and design
    • Rochon P.A., Gurwitz J.H., Sykora K., et al. Readers guide to critical appraisal of cohort studies, 1: role and design. BMJ 330 (2005) 895-897
    • (2005) BMJ , vol.330 , pp. 895-897
    • Rochon, P.A.1    Gurwitz, J.H.2    Sykora, K.3
  • 40
    • 0035880296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of evidence of treatment effects in randomised and non-randomised studies
    • Ioannidis J., Haidich A.-B., Pappa M., et al. Comparison of evidence of treatment effects in randomised and non-randomised studies. JAMA 286 (2001) 821-830
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 821-830
    • Ioannidis, J.1    Haidich, A.-B.2    Pappa, M.3
  • 41
    • 0019316824 scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trials and retrospective controls
    • Doll R., and Peto R. Randomised controlled trials and retrospective controls. BMJ 280 (1980) 44
    • (1980) BMJ , vol.280 , pp. 44
    • Doll, R.1    Peto, R.2
  • 42
    • 0035835452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliable assessment of the effects of treatment on mortality and major morbidity, II: observational studies
    • MacMahon S., and Collins R. Reliable assessment of the effects of treatment on mortality and major morbidity, II: observational studies. Lancet 357 (2001) 455-462
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 455-462
    • MacMahon, S.1    Collins, R.2
  • 43
    • 33847152253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When are randomised trials unnecessary? Picking signal from noise
    • Glasziou P., Chalmers I., Rawlins M., and McCulloch P. When are randomised trials unnecessary? Picking signal from noise. BMJ 334 (2007) 349-351
    • (2007) BMJ , vol.334 , pp. 349-351
    • Glasziou, P.1    Chalmers, I.2    Rawlins, M.3    McCulloch, P.4
  • 44
    • 18044386330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Readers guide to critical appraisal of cohort studies, 3: analytical strategies to reduce confounding
    • Normand S.-L., Sykora K., Li P., Mamdani M., Rochon P.A., and Anderson G.M. Readers guide to critical appraisal of cohort studies, 3: analytical strategies to reduce confounding. BMJ 330 (2005) 1021-1023
    • (2005) BMJ , vol.330 , pp. 1021-1023
    • Normand, S.-L.1    Sykora, K.2    Li, P.3    Mamdani, M.4    Rochon, P.A.5    Anderson, G.M.6
  • 45
    • 0025005888 scopus 로고
    • Design considerations for AIDs trials
    • Byar D.P., Schoenfield D.A., Green S.B., et al. Design considerations for AIDs trials. N Engl J Med 323 (1990) 1343-1348
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.323 , pp. 1343-1348
    • Byar, D.P.1    Schoenfield, D.A.2    Green, S.B.3
  • 46
    • 31844443695 scopus 로고
    • The environment and disease: association or causation?
    • Hill A.B. The environment and disease: association or causation?. Proc R Soc Med 58 (1965) 295-300
    • (1965) Proc R Soc Med , vol.58 , pp. 295-300
    • Hill, A.B.1
  • 47
    • 0025981467 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: a quantitative assessment of the epidemiological evidence
    • Stampfer M.J., and Colditz G.A. Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: a quantitative assessment of the epidemiological evidence. Prev Med 20 (1991) 47-63
    • (1991) Prev Med , vol.20 , pp. 47-63
    • Stampfer, M.J.1    Colditz, G.A.2
  • 48
    • 0026458371 scopus 로고
    • Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women
    • Grady D., Rubin S.M., Pettiti D.B., et al. Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 117 (1992) 1016-1037
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.117 , pp. 1016-1037
    • Grady, D.1    Rubin, S.M.2    Pettiti, D.B.3
  • 49
    • 0037422533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone replacement therapy and heart disease: replacing dogma with data
    • Herrington D.M. Hormone replacement therapy and heart disease: replacing dogma with data. Circulation 107 (2003) 2-4
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 2-4
    • Herrington, D.M.1
  • 50
    • 23944487497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How far can epidemiologists get with statistical adjustment
    • Petitti D.B., and Freedman D.A. How far can epidemiologists get with statistical adjustment. Am J Epidemiol 162 (2005) 415-418
    • (2005) Am J Epidemiol , vol.162 , pp. 415-418
    • Petitti, D.B.1    Freedman, D.A.2
  • 51
    • 0015978030 scopus 로고
    • Regular aspirin intake and acute myocardial infarction
    • Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Group
    • Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Group. Regular aspirin intake and acute myocardial infarction. BMJ 1 (1974) 440-443
    • (1974) BMJ , vol.1 , pp. 440-443
  • 52
    • 0020539902 scopus 로고
    • Further experience of neural tube supplementation for prevention of neural tube defects
    • Smithells R.W., Nevin N.C., Seller M.J., et al. Further experience of neural tube supplementation for prevention of neural tube defects. Lancet 1 (1983) 1027-1039
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1027-1039
    • Smithells, R.W.1    Nevin, N.C.2    Seller, M.J.3
  • 53
    • 22244486380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infant sleeping position and sudden infant death syndrome: systematic review of observational studies and historical review of recommendations from 1940 to 2002
    • Gilbert R., Salanti G., Harden M., and See S. Infant sleeping position and sudden infant death syndrome: systematic review of observational studies and historical review of recommendations from 1940 to 2002. Int J Epidemiol 34 (2005) 874-887
    • (2005) Int J Epidemiol , vol.34 , pp. 874-887
    • Gilbert, R.1    Salanti, G.2    Harden, M.3    See, S.4
  • 54
    • 33947533150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors for the primary prevention of colorectal cancer: a systematic review prepared for the US Preventive Services Task Force
    • Rostom A., Dubé C., Lewin G., et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors for the primary prevention of colorectal cancer: a systematic review prepared for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 146 (2007) 376-389
    • (2007) Ann Intern Med , vol.146 , pp. 376-389
    • Rostom, A.1    Dubé, C.2    Lewin, G.3
  • 56
    • 1942436221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mendelian randomization: prospects, potentials, and limitations
    • Davey Smith G., and Ebrahim S. Mendelian randomization: prospects, potentials, and limitations. Int J Epidemiol 33 (2004) 30-42
    • (2004) Int J Epidemiol , vol.33 , pp. 30-42
    • Davey Smith, G.1    Ebrahim, S.2
  • 57
    • 42249109858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of biphosphonates among women and risk of atrial fibrillation and flutter: population based case-control study
    • Sørensen H.T., Christensen S., Mehnert F., et al. Use of biphosphonates among women and risk of atrial fibrillation and flutter: population based case-control study. BMJ 336 (2008) 784-785
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.336 , pp. 784-785
    • Sørensen, H.T.1    Christensen, S.2    Mehnert, F.3
  • 58
    • 12344332812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchodilator treatment and deaths from asthma: case-control study
    • Anderson H.R., Ayres J.G., Sturdy P.M., et al. Bronchodilator treatment and deaths from asthma: case-control study. BMJ 330 (2005) 117-124
    • (2005) BMJ , vol.330 , pp. 117-124
    • Anderson, H.R.1    Ayres, J.G.2    Sturdy, P.M.3
  • 59
    • 0016177489 scopus 로고
    • Reserpine and breast cancer
    • Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program
    • Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program. Reserpine and breast cancer. Lancet 2 (1974) 669-671
    • (1974) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 669-671
  • 60
    • 0017169979 scopus 로고
    • Rauwolfia derivatives and breast cancer in hypertensive women
    • Armstrong B., Skegg D., White G., and Doll R. Rauwolfia derivatives and breast cancer in hypertensive women. Lancet 2 (1976) 8-12
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 8-12
    • Armstrong, B.1    Skegg, D.2    White, G.3    Doll, R.4
  • 62
    • 0034898154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antihypertensive therapy and the risk of malignancies
    • Grossman E., Messerli F.H., and Goldbourt U. Antihypertensive therapy and the risk of malignancies. Eur Heart J 22 (2001) 1343-1352
    • (2001) Eur Heart J , vol.22 , pp. 1343-1352
    • Grossman, E.1    Messerli, F.H.2    Goldbourt, U.3
  • 63
    • 0022347420 scopus 로고
    • Exclusion bias and the false relationship of reserpine and breast cancer
    • Horwitz R.I., and Feinstein A.R. Exclusion bias and the false relationship of reserpine and breast cancer. Arch Intern Med 145 (1985) 1873-1875
    • (1985) Arch Intern Med , vol.145 , pp. 1873-1875
    • Horwitz, R.I.1    Feinstein, A.R.2
  • 64
    • 0018569077 scopus 로고
    • The periodic health examination
    • Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination
    • Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. The periodic health examination. CMAJ 121 (1979) 1193-1254
    • (1979) CMAJ , vol.121 , pp. 1193-1254
  • 65
    • 0012689673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
    • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Systems to rate the strength of scientific evidence (2002), US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
    • (2002) Systems to rate the strength of scientific evidence
  • 66
    • 33845236810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development, 9: grading evidence and recommendations
    • Schünemann H.J., Fretheim A., and Oxman A.D. Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development, 9: grading evidence and recommendations. Health Res Policy Syst 4 (2006) 21
    • (2006) Health Res Policy Syst , vol.4 , pp. 21
    • Schünemann, H.J.1    Fretheim, A.2    Oxman, A.D.3
  • 67
    • 0013887727 scopus 로고
    • Heberden Oration 1965b: reflections on the controlled trial
    • Hill A.B. Heberden Oration 1965b: reflections on the controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis 25 (1966) 107-113
    • (1966) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.25 , pp. 107-113
    • Hill, A.B.1
  • 68
    • 41449106895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational evidence for determining drug safety
    • Freemantle N., and Irs A. Observational evidence for determining drug safety. BMJ 338 (2008) 627-628
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.338 , pp. 627-628
    • Freemantle, N.1    Irs, A.2
  • 69
    • 0037280384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles of good practice for decision analytic modeling in health-care evaluation: report of the ISPO Task Force on Good Research Practices-modeling studies
    • Weinstein M.C., O'Brien B., Hornberger J., et al. Principles of good practice for decision analytic modeling in health-care evaluation: report of the ISPO Task Force on Good Research Practices-modeling studies. Value Health 6 (2003) 9-17
    • (2003) Value Health , vol.6 , pp. 9-17
    • Weinstein, M.C.1    O'Brien, B.2    Hornberger, J.3
  • 70
    • 0141836148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teleoanalysis: combining data from different types of study
    • Wald N.J., and Morris J.K. Teleoanalysis: combining data from different types of study. BMJ 327 (2003) 616-618
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.327 , pp. 616-618
    • Wald, N.J.1    Morris, J.K.2
  • 71
    • 14144255408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of participant and physician intervention preferences on randomised trials
    • King M., Nazareth I., Lampe F., et al. Impact of participant and physician intervention preferences on randomised trials. JAMA 293 (2005) 1089-1099
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.293 , pp. 1089-1099
    • King, M.1    Nazareth, I.2    Lampe, F.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.