Iatrogenic hyponatremia in hospitalized children: Can it be avoided?

Paediatrics and Child Health

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 502-506

  Skippen, Peter ^a   Adderley, Robert ^a   Bennett, Mary ^a   Cogswell, Arthur ^a   Froese, Norbert ^a   Seear, Mike ^a   Wensley, David ^a  

^a BC CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Antidiuretic hormone; Children; Complications; Fluids; Hyponatremia; Therapy

Indexed keywords

INFUSION FLUID;

AORTA COARCTATION; CASE REPORT; CHILD CARE; CHYLOTHORAX; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONSTIPATION; DEHYDRATION; ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCE; FAILURE TO THRIVE; FEEDING DISORDER; FLUID THERAPY; HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPONATREMIA; IATROGENIC DISEASE; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; NEWBORN; POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA; POSTOPERATIVE CARE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; THORAX DRAINAGE; VULNERABLE POPULATION;

EID: 57549110271     PISSN: 12057088     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/pch/13.6.502     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Chesney RW. The maintenance need for water in parenteral fluid therapy. Pediatrics 1998;102(2 Pt 1):399-400.
2. Holliday MA, Segar WE. The maintenance need for water in parenteral fluid therapy. Pediatrics 1957;19:823-32.
3. Halberthal M, Halperin ML, Bohn D. Lesson of the week: Acute hyponatraemia in children admitted to hospital: Retrospective analysis of factors contributing to its development and resolution. BMJ 2001;322:780-2.
4. Moritz ML, Ayus JC. Prevention of hospital-acquired hyponatremia: A case for using isotonic saline. Pediatrics 2003;111:227-30.
5. Holliday MA, Segar WE, Friedman A. Reducing errors in fluid therapy management. Pediatrics 2003;111:424-5. (Erratum in 2003;111:924).
6. Adrogue HJ, Madias NE. Hyponatremia. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1581-9.
7. Anderson RJ, Chung HM, Kluge R, Schrier RW. Hyponatremia: A prospective analysis of its epidemiology and the pathogenetic role of vasopressin. Ann Intern Med 1985;102:164-8.
8. Upadhyay A, Jaber BL, Madias NE. Incidence and prevalence of hyponatremia. Am J Med 2006; 119 (7 Suppl 1):S30-5.
9. Moritz ML, Ayus JC. Hospital-acquired hyponatremia: Why are there still deaths? Pediatrics 2004;113:1395-6.
10. Moritz ML, Ayus JC. Risk factors for death and neurologic impairment from hyponatremic encephalopathy in children in the new millennium. JASN 2006;17:38A.
11. Halperin ML, Bohn D. Clinical approach to disorders of salt and water balance. Emphasis on integrative physiology. Crit Care Clin 2002;18:249-72.
12. Duke T, Molyneux EM. Intravenous fluids for seriously ill children: Time to reconsider. Lancet 2003;362:1320-3.
13. Gerigk M, Gnehm HE, Rascher W. Arginine vasopressin and renin in acutely ill children: Implication for fluid therapy. Acta Paediatr 1996;85:550-3.
14. Neville KA, Verge CF, Rosenberg AR, O'Meara MW, Walker JL. Isotonic is better than hypotonic saline for intravenous rehydration of children with gastroenteritis: A prospective randomised study. Arch Dis Child 2006;91:226-32.
15. Hoorn EJ, Geary D, Robb M, Halperin ML, Bohn D. Acute hyponatremia related to intravenous fluid administration in hospitalized children: An observational study. Pediatrics 2004;113:1279-84.
16. Choong K, Kho ME, Menon K, Bohn D. Hypotonic versus isotonic saline in hospitalised children: A systematic review. Arch Dis Child 2006;91:828-35.
17. O'Hara JQ. The inquiry into hyponatremia-related deaths. (Version current at June 11, 2008).
18. Office of the Chief Coroner, Province of Ontario. Report of the paediatric death review committee and deaths under five committee. (Version curent at June 11, 2008).
19. Shafiee MA, Bohn D, Hoorn EJ, Halperin ML. How to select optimal maintenance intravenous fluid therapy. QJM 2003;96:601-10.
20. Taylor D, Durward A. Pouring salt on troubled waters. Arch Dis Child 2004;89:411-4.
21. Moritz ML, Ayus JC. Hospital-acquired hyponatremia - why are hypotonic parenteral fluids stilt being used? Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2007;3:374-82.
22. Burrows FA, Shutack JG, Crone RK. Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in a postsurgical pediatric population. Crit Care Med 1983;11:527-31.
23. Abe T, Takaue Y, Okamoto Y, et al. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) in children undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1995;12:363-9.
24. Bhalla F, Eaton FE, Coulter JB, Amegavie FL, Sills JA, Abernethy LJ. Lesson of the week: Hyponatraemic seizures and excessive intake of hypotonic fluids in young children. BMJ 1999;319:1554-7. (Erratum in 2000;320:494).
25. Hazinski TA, Blalock WA, Engelhardt B. Control of water balance in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Role of endogenous vasopressin. Pediatr Res 1988;23:86-8.
26. Kojima T, Fukuda Y, Hirata Y, Matsuzaki S, Kobayashi Y. Changes in vasopressin, atrial natriuretic factor, and water homeostasis in the early stage of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Res 1990;27:260-3.
27. Milionis HJ, Bourantas CL, Siamopoulos KC, Elisaf MS. Acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities in patients with acute leukemia. Am J Hematol 1999;62:201-7.
28. Moritz ML, Ayus JC. La Crosse encephalitis in children. N Engl J Med 2001;345:148-9.
29. Padilla G, Leake JA, Castro R, Ervin MG, Ross MG, Leake RD. Vasopressin levels and pediatric head trauma. Pediatrics 1989;83:700-5.
30. Powell KR, Sugarman LI, Eskenazi AE, et al. Normalization of plasma arginine vasopressin concentrations when children with meningitis are given maintenance plus replacement fluid therapy. J Pediatr 1990;117:515-22.
31. Shann F, Germer S. Hyponatraemia associated with pneumonia or bacterial meningitis. Arch Dis Child 1985;60:963-6.
32. Brazel PW, McPhee IB. Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in postoperative scoliosis patients: The role of fluid management. Spine 1996;21:724-7.
33. Lieh-Lai MW, Stanitski DF, Sarnaik AP, et al. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in children following spinal fusion. Crit Care Med 1999;27:622-7.
34. Paut O, Lacroix F. Recent developments in the perioperative fluid management for the paediatric patient. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2006;19:268-77.
35. Sgouros S, Goldin JH, Hockley AD, Wake MJ, Natarajan K. Intracranial volume change in childhood. J Neurosurg 1999;91:610-6.
36. Arieff AI, Ayus JC, Fraser CL. Hyponatraemia and death or permanent brain damage in healthy children. BMJ 1992;304:1218-22.
37. Dunn K, Butt W. Extreme sodium derangement in a paediatric inpatient population. J Paediatr Child Health 1997;33:26-30.
38. Varavithya W, Hellerstein S. Acute symptomatic hyponatremia. J Pediatr 1967;71:269-83.
39. Armour A. Dilutional hyponatraemia: A cause of massive fatal intraoperative cerebral oedema in a child undergoing renal transplantation. J Clin Pathol 1997;50:444-6.
40. Hughes PD, McNicol D, Mutton PM, Flynn GJ, Tuck R, Yorke P. Postoperative hyponatraemic encephalopathy: Water intoxication. Aust N Z J Surg 1998;68:165-8.
41. Paut O, Rémond C, Lagier P, Fortier G, Camboulives J. [Severe hyponatremic encephalopathy after pediatric surgery: Report of seven cases and recommendations for management and prevention]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2000;19:467-73.
42. Peeters A, Claes J, Saldien V. Lethal complications after tonsillectomy. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg 2001;55:207-13.
43. Institute of Child Health. Information for professionals: Postoperative fluid management and hyponatraemia. (Version current at June 25, 2008).
44. Greenbaum L. Pathophysiology of body fluids and fluid therapy. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2004.
45. Motoyama EK, Davis PJ, Cohn EL, Smith RM. Smith's Anesthesia for Infants and Children, 7th edn. St Louis: Mosby, 2006.
46. Rudolph CD, Rudolph AM, Hostetter MK, Lister GE, Siegel NJ. Fluids, electrolytes and acid-base. Rudolph's Pediatrics, 21st edn. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003.
47. Levine JP, Steinicki E, Weiner HL, Bradley JP, McCarthy JG. Hyponatremia in the postoperative craniofacial pediatric patient population: A connection to cerebral salt wasting syndrome and management of the disorder. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001;108:1501-8.
48. Steele A, Gowrishankar M, Abrahamson S, Mazer CD, Feldman RD, Halperin ML. Postoperative hyponatremia despite near-isotonic saline infusion: A phenomenon of desalination. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:20-5.