Ethnicity and diagnostic patterns in veterans with psychoses

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

Volumn 39, Issue 10, 2004, Pages 841-851

  Blow, Frederic C ^a,c   Zeber, John E ^b,c   McCarthy, John F ^a,c   Valenstein, Marcia ^a,c   Gillon, Leah ^c   Bingham, C Raymond ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c VA ANN ARBOR HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

Clinical diagnosis; Disparities; Ethnicity; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGED; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CLINICAL OBSERVATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CULTURAL FACTOR; DATA BASE; DEMOGRAPHY; DISEASE SEVERITY; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE NEED; HEALTH STATISTICS; HEALTH SURVEY; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HISPANIC; HUMAN; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL PRACTICE; MENTAL HEALTH CARE; POPULATION RESEARCH; PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS; PSYCHOSIS; RACE DIFFERENCE; REGISTER; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SAMPLE SIZE; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL STATUS; SOLDIER; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; THEORETICAL STUDY; URBAN RURAL DIFFERENCE;

AFRICAN AMERICANS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HISPANIC AMERICANS; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; RISK FACTORS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; UNITED STATES; VETERANS;

EID: 5744227350     PISSN: 09337954     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-004-0824-7     Document Type: Review

References (104)

1. American Psychiatric Association. DSM-IV (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association
2. Jablensky A (1997) The 100-year epidemiology of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 28(2-3):111-125
3. Brockington IF, Kendell RE, Wainwright S, Hillier VF, Walker J (1979) The distinction between the affective psychoses and schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 135:243-248
4. Kendell RE, Brockington IF (1980) The identification of disease entities and the relationship between schizophrenic and affective psychoses. Br J Psychiatry 137:324-331
5. Lapierre YD (1994) Schizophrenia and manic-depression: separate illnesses or a continuum? Can J Psychiatry 39(9 Suppl 2): S59-S64
6. Compton WM, Guze SB (1995) The neo-Kraepelinian revolution in psychiatric diagnosis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 245 (4-5):196-201
7. Chen YR, Swann AC, Johnson BA (1998) Stability of diagnosis in bipolar disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 186(1):17-23
8. Murray CJ, Lopez AD (1996) Evidence-based health policy - lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Science 274(5288):740-743
9. Pinikahana J, Happell B, Hope J, Keks NA (2002) Quality of life in schizophrenia: a review of the literature from 1995 to 2000. Int J Ment Health Nurs 11(2):103-111
10. Voruganti LN, Awad AG, Oyewumi LK, Cortese L, Zirul S, Dhawan R (2000) Assessing health state utilities in schizophrenia. Pharmacoeconomics 17(3):273-286
11. Link BG, Struening EL, Rahav M, Phelan JC, Nuttbrock L (1997) On stigma and its consequences: evidence from a longitudinal study of men with dual diagnoses of mental illness and substance abuse. J Health Soc Behav 38(2):177-190
12. Witztum E, Margolin J, Bar-On R, Levy A (1995) Stigma, labelling and psychiatric misdiagnosis: origins and outcomes. Med Law 14(7-8):659-669
13. Bamgbose O, Edwards D, Johnson S (1980) The effects of race and social class on clinical judgment. J Clin Psychol 36(2): 605-609
14. Watkins BA, Cowan MA, Davis WE (1975) Differential diagnosis imbalance as a race-related phenomenon. J Clin Psychol 31(2): 267-268
15. Bell CC, Mehta H (1980) The misdiagnosis of black patients with manic depressive illness. J Natl Med Assoc 72:141-145
16. Mukherjee S, Shukla S, Woodle J, Rosen A, Olarte S (1983) Misdiagnosis of schizophrenia in bipolar patients: a multiethnic comparison. Am J Psychiatry 140(12):1571-1574
17. Pavkov TW, Lewis DA, Lyons IS (1989) Psychiatric diagnosis and racial bias: an empirical investigation. Professional Psychology 20:364-368
18. Flaskerud JH, Hu L-T (1992) Relationship of ethnicity to psychiatric diagnosis. J Nerv Ment Dis 180(5):296-303
19. Adebimpe VR (1994) Race, racism, and epidemiological surveys. Hosp Comm Psychiatry 45(1):27-31
20. Strakowski SM, Flaum M, Amador X, Bracha HS, Pandurangi AK, Robinson D, Tohen M (1996) Racial differences in the diagnosis of psychosis. Schizophr Res 21:17-24
21. Neighbors HW, Trierweiler SJ, Munday C, Thompson EE, Jackson JS, Binion VJ, Gomez J (1999) Psychiatric diagnosis of African Americans: diagnostic divergence in clinician-structured and semistructured interviewing conditions. J Natl Med Assoc 91 (11):601-612
22. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, Wittchen H-U, Kendler KS (1994) Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51(1):8-19
23. Robins LN, Helzer JE, Weissman MM, Orvaschel H, Gruenberg E, Burke JD Jr, Regier DA (1984) Lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in three sites. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41(10):949-958
24. vander Stoep A, Link B (1998) Social class, ethnicity, and mental illness: the importance of being more than earnest. AJPH 88(9):1396-1402
25. Aro S, Aro H, Keskimaki I (1995) Socio-economic mobility among patients with schizophrenia or major affective disorder: A 17-year retrospective follow-up. Br J Psychiatry 166(6):759-767
26. Regier DA, Narrow WE, Rae DS, Manderscheid RW, Locke BZ, Goodwin FK (1993) The de facto US mental and addictive disorders service system. Epidemiologic catchment area prospective 1-year prevalence rates of disorders and services. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50(2):85-94
27. Zhang AY, Snowden LR (1999) Ethnic characteristics of mental disorders in five US communities. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 5(2):134-146
28. Antunes G, Gordon C, Gaitz CM, Scott J (1974). Ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and the etiology of psychological distress. Sociol Soc Res 58(4):360-368
29. Torrey EF, Bowler A (1990) Geographical distribution of insanity in America: Evidence for an urban factor. Schizophr Bull 16(4): 591-604
30. Samele C, van Os J, McKenzie K, Wright A, Gilvarry C, Manley C, Tattan R (2001) Does socioeconomic status predict course and outcome in patients with psychosis? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiology 36(12):573-581
31. Oddone EZ, Petersen LA, Weinberger M, Freedman J, Kressin NR (2002) Contribution of the veterans health administration in understanding racial disparities in access and utilization of health care. Med Care 40(Suppl 1):I3-I13
32. Menke TJ, Rabeneck L, Hartigan PM, Simberkoff MS, Wray NP (2000) Clinical and socioeconomic determinants of health care use among HIV-infected patients in the Department of Veterans Affairs. Inquiry 37(1):61-74
33. Ashton CM, Petersen NJ, Wray NP, Yu HJ (1998) The Veterans Affairs medical care system: hospital and clinic utilization statistics for 1994. Med Care 36(6):793-803
34. Jenkins JH (1998) Diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders: integration and suppression of cultural evidence in DSM-IV. Transcultural Psychiatry 35(3): 357-376
35. Lefley HP (1990) Culture and chronic mental illness. Hosp Community Psychiatry 41(3):277-286
36. Lewis-Fernandez R (1996) Cultural formulation of psychiatric diagnosis. Cult Med Psychiatry 20(2):133-144
37. Weisman AG (1997) Understanding cross-cultural prognostic variability for schizophrenia. Cult Divers Ment Health 3(1):23-35
38. Killian TM, Killian LT (1990) Sociological investigations of mental illness: a review. Hosp Community Psychiatry 41 (8):902-911
39. Rogler LH (1996) Framing research on culture in psychiatric diagnosis: the case of the DSM-IV. Psychiatry 59(2):145-154
40. Jones BE, Gray BA (1986) Problems in diagnosing schizophrenia and affective disorders among blacks. Hosp Community Psychiatry 37(1):61-65
41. Strakowski SM, Hawkins JM, Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL, West SA, Bourne ML, Sax KW, Tugrul KC (1997) The effects of race and information variance on disagreement between psychiatric emergency service and research diagnoses in first-episode psychosis. J Clin Psychiatry 58(10):457-463
42. Whaley AL (2001) Cultural mistrust of white mental health clinicians among African Americans with severe mental illness. Am J Orthopsychiatry 71(2):252-256
43. Adebimpe VR, Hedlund JL, Cho DW, Wood JB (1982) Symptomatology of depression in black and white patients. J Natl Med Assoc 74(2):185-190
44. Hamberger KL, Hastings JE (1992) Racial differences on the MCMI in an outpatient clinical sample. J Pers Assess 58(1):90-95
45. Leaf PJ, Bruce ML, Tischler GL, Holzer CE 3rd (1987) The relationship between demographic factors and attitudes toward mental health services. J Community Psychol 15(2):275-284
46. Wells K, Klap R, Koike A, Sherbourne C (2001) Ethnic disparities in unmet need for alcoholism, drug abuse, and mental health care. Am J Psychiatry 158:2027-2032
47. Gallo JJ, Marino S, Ford D, Anthony JC (1995) Filters on the pathway to mental health care, II. Sociodemographic factors. Psychol Med 25(6):1149-1160
48. Neighbors HW, Jackson JS (1984) The use of informal and formal help: four patterns of illness behavior in the black community. Am J Community Psychol 12(6):629-644
49. Sussman LK, Robins LN, Earls F (1987) Treatment-seeking for depression by black and white Americans. Soc Sci Med 24(3): 187-196
50. Roukema R, Fadem B, James B, Rayford F (1984) Bipolar disorder in a low socioeconomic population. J Nerv Ment Dis 172(2): 76-79
51. Caspari D (1999) Cannabis and schizophrenia: results of a follow-up study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 249(1):45-49
52. Drake RE, Wallach MA (1989) Substance abuse among the chronic mentally ill. Hosp Community Psychiatry 40(10): 1041-1046
53. Brown ES, Suppes T, Adinoff B, Rajan Thomas N (2001) Drug abuse and bipolar disorder: comorbidity or misdiagnosis? J Affect Disord 65(2):105-115
54. Ineichen B (1991) Schizophrenia in British Afro-Caribbeans: two debates confused? Int J Soc Psychiatry 37(4):227-232
55. Herd D (1994) Predicting drinking problems among black and white men: results from a national survey. J Stud Alcohol 55: 61-71
56. Dawson DA (1998) Beyond black, white and Hispanic: race, ethnic origin and drinking patterns in the United States. J Subst Abuse 10(4):321-339
57. Prigerson HG, Desai RA, Rosenheck RA (2001) Older adult patients with both psychiatric and substance abuse disorders: prevalence and health service use. Psychiatr Q 72(1):1-18
58. Horton J, Compton W, Cottler LB (2000) Reliability of substance use disorder diagnoses among African-Americans and Caucasians. Drug Alcohol Depend 57(3):203-209
59. Demakis JG (2002) Preface to variation in health care (editorial). Med Care 40(Suppl 1):I1-I2
60. US Surgeon General (2001) Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD
61. National Quality Research Center (2003) American Consumer Satisfaction Index. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
62. Blow FC, McCarthy JF, Valenstein M, Zeber JE, Gillon L (2000) Care in the VHA for Veterans with Psychosis 1999. VHA Health Services Research & Development, Ann Arbor
63. Gureje O (2002) Psychological disorders and symptoms in primary care. Association with disability and service use after 12 months. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 37(5):220-224
64. Ries RK, Comtois KA (1997) Illness severity and treatment services for dually diagnosed severely mentally ill outpatients. Schizophr Bull 23(2):239-246
65. Nease DE, Volk RJ, Cass AR (1999) Does the severity of mood and anxiety symptoms predict health care utilization? J Fam Pract 48(10):769-777
66. Rosenheck R, Massari L (1993) Wartime military service and utilization of VA health care services. Mil Med 158 (4):223-228
67. Munley PH, Vacha-Haase T, Busby RM, Paul BD (1998) The MCMI-II and race. J Pers Assess 70(1):183-189
68. Brown ES, Nejtek VA, Perantie DC, Bobadilla L (2002) Quetiapine in bipolar disorder and cocaine dependence. Bipolar Disord 4(6):406-411
69. Chengappa KN, Levine J, Gershon S, Kupfer DJ (2000) Lifetime prevalence of substance or alcohol abuse and dependence among subjects with bipolar I and II disorders in a voluntary registry. Bipolar Disord 2(3 Pt 1):191-195
70. Strakowski SM, DelBello MP (2000) The co-occurrence of bipolar and substance use disorders. Clin Psychol Rev 20(2):191-206
71. Frueh BC, Brady KL, de Arellano MA (1998) Racial differences in combat-related PTSD: empirical findings and conceptual issues. Clin Psychol Rev 18(3):287-305
72. Rosenheck RA, Fontana A (1996) Race and outcome of treatment for veterans suffering from PTSD. J Trauma Stress 9(2):343-351
73. Ruef AM, Litz BT, Schlenger WE (2000) Hispanic ethnicity and risk for combat-related Posttraumatic stress disorder. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 6(3):235-251
74. Frueh BC, Hamner MB, Bernat JA, Turner SM, Keane TM, Arana GW (2002) Racial differences in psychotic symptoms among combat veterans with PTSD. Depress Anxiety 16(4):157-161
75. Magruder KM, Frueh BC, Knapp RG, Johnson MR, Vaughan JA, Carson TC, Powell DA, Hebert R (in press) PTSD symptoms, demographic characteristics, and functional status among veterans treated in VA primary care clinics. J Trauma Stress
76. Magruder KM, Frueh BC, Knapp RG, Davis L, Hamner MB, Hebert R, Gold PB, Arana GW (under review) Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care clinics
77. Cooper-Patrick L, Gallo JJ, Gonzales JJ, Vu HT, Powe NR, Nelson C, Ford DE (1999) Race, gender, and partnership in the patient-physician relationship. JAMA 282(6):583-589
78. Copeland LA, Zeber JE, Valenstein M, Blow FC (2003) Racial disparity in the use of atypical antipsychotic medications among veterans. Am J Psychiatry 160(10):1817-1822
79. Harada ND, Damron-Rodriguez J, Villa VM, Washington DL, Dhanani S, Shon H, Chattapadhyay M, Fishbein H, Lee M, Makinodan T, et al. (2002) Veteran identity and race/ethnicity: influences on VA outpatient care utilization. Med Care 40(Suppl 1): I117-I128
80. Harada ND, Villa VM, Andersen R (2002) Satisfaction with VA and non-VA outpatient care among veterans. Am J Med Qual 17(4):155-164
81. Kazis LE, Ren XS, Lee A, Skinner K, Rogers W, Clark J, Miller DR (1999) Health status in VA patients: results from the Veterans Health Study. Am J Med Qual 14(1):28-38
82. Broman CL (1987) Race differences in professional help seeking. Am J Community Psychol 15(4):473-489
83. Diala CC, Muntaner C, Walrath C, Nickerson K, La Veist T, Leaf P (2001) Racial/ethnic differences in attitudes toward seeking professional mental health services. Am J Public Health 91(5): 805-807
84. Rosenheck R, Fontana A (1994) Utilization of mental health services by minority veterans of the Vietnam era. J Nerv Merit Dis 182(12):685-691
85. Washington DL, Harada ND, Villa VM, Damron-Rodriguez J, Dhanani S, Shon H, Makinodan T (2002) Racial variations in Department of Veterans Affairs ambulatory care use and unmet health care needs. Mil Med 167(3):235-241
86. Hoff RA, Rosenheck RA (2000) Cross-system service use among psychiatric patients: data from the Department of Veterans Affairs. J Behav Health Serv Res 27(1):98-106
87. Anand SS (1999) Using ethnicity as a classification variable in health research: perpetuating the myth of biological determinism, serving socio-political agendas, or making valuable contributions to medical sciences? Ethn Health 4(4):241-244
88. Krieger N (2000) Refiguring "race": epidemiology, racialized biology, and biological expressions of race relations. Int J Health Serv 30(1):211-216
89. Oppenheimer GM (2001) Paradigm lost: race, ethnicity, and the search for a new population taxonomy. Am J Public Health 91(7):1049-1055
90. Kressin NR, Chang B-H, Hendricks A, Kazis LE (2003) Agreement between administrative data and patients' self-reports of race/ethnicity. Am J Public Health 93(10):1734-1739
91. Hutchinson G, Takei N, Sham P, Harvey I, Murray RM (1999) Factor analysis of symptoms in schizophrenia: differences between White and Caribbean patients in Camberwell. Psychol Med 29(3):607-612
92. Weisman AG, Lopez SR, Ventura J, Nuechterlein KH, Goldstein MJ, Hwang S (2000) A comparison of psychiatric symptoms between Anglo-Americans and Mexican-Americans with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 26(4):817-824
93. Brekke JS, Barrio C (1997) Cross-ethnic symptom differences in schizophrenia: the influence of culture and minority status. Schizophr Bull 23(2):305-316
94. Kutchins H, Kirk SA (1989) DSM-III-R: the conflict over new psychiatric diagnoses. Health Soc Work 14(2):91-101
95. Cooksey EC, Brown P (1998) Spinning on its axes: DSM and the social construction of psychiatric diagnosis. Int J Health Serv 28(3):525-554
96. Sarbin TR (1990) Toward the obsolescence of the schizophrenia hypothesis. J Mind Behav 11(3-4):259-284
97. Westermeyer J (1985) Psychiatric diagnosis across cultural boundaries. Am J Psychiatry 142(7):798-805
98. Jampala V, Chowdry S, Taylor MA (1988) The use of DSM-III in the United States: a case of not going by the book. Compr Psychiatry 130:39-47
99. Manson SM, Kleinman A (1998) DSM-IV, culture and mood disorders: a clinical reflection on recent progress. Transcultural Psychiatry 35(3):377-386
100. Neighbors HW, Jackson JS, Campbell L, Williams D (1989) The influence of racial factors on psychiatric diagnosis: A review and suggestions for research. Community Merit Health J 25(4):301-311
101. Rosenheck R, Fontana A, Cottrol C (1995) Effect of clinician-veteran racial pairing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 152(4):555-563
102. Sterling RC, Gottheil E, Weinstein SP, Serota R (2001) The effect of therapist/patient race- and sex-matching in individual treatment. Addiction 96(7):1015-1022
103. Mathews CA, Glidden D, Hargreaves WA (2002) The effect on diagnostic rates of assigning patients to ethnically focused inpatient psychiatric units. Psychiatr Serv 53(7):823-829
104. Zuvekas SH, Taliaferro GS (2003) Pathways to access: health insurance, the health care delivery system, and racial/ethnic disparities, 1996-1999. Med Care 22(2):139-153