Racial differences in the diagnosis of psychosis

Schizophrenia Research

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 117-124

  Strakowski, Stephen M ^a   Flaum, Michael ^b   Amador, Xavier ^c   Bracha, H Stefan ^d   Pandurangi, Anand K ^e   Robinson, Delbert ^f   Tohen, Mauricio ^g  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^c Columbia University ^*  (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

^e VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f LONG ISLAND JEWISH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^g MCLEAN HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Affective disorders; First rank symptoms; Psychosis; Race; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECTIVE NEUROSIS; ARTICLE; DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; RACE DIFFERENCE; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 0030598842     PISSN: 09209964     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0920-9964(96)00041-2     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Adebimpe, V.R. (1981) Overview: white norms and psychiatric diagnosis of black patients. Am. J. Psychiatry 138, 279-285.
2. Adebimpe, V.R., Klein, H.E. and Fried, J. (1981) Hallucinations and delusions in black psychiatric patients. J. Natl. Med. Ass. 73, 517-520.
3. Adebimpe, V.R., Chu, C.C., Klein, H.E. and Lange, M.H. (1982) Racial and geographic differences in the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 139, 888-891.
4. Andreasen, N.C. and Flaum, M. (1991) Schizophrenia: The characteristic symptoms. Schizophr. Bull. 17, 27-49.
5. Carpenter, W.T., Strauss, J.S. and Muleh, S. (1973) Are there pathognomonic symptoms in schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 28, 847-852.
6. Carpenter, W.T. and Strauss, J.S. (1974) Cross-cultural evaluation of Schneider's first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia: A report from the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 131, 682-687.
7. Cohen, J. (1968) Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. Psychol. Bull. 70, 213-220.
8. Cohen, J. (1977) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York: Academic Press.
9. Flaum, M. and Andreasen, N.C. (1991) Diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and related disorders: Options for DSM-IV. Schizophr. Bull. 17, 133-156.
10. Flaum, M., Amador, X., Gorman, J., Bracha, H.S., Edell, W., McGlashan, T., Pandurangi, A., Kendler, K., Robinson, D., Lieberman, J., Ontiveros, A., Tohen, M., McGorry, P., Tyrrell, G., Arndt, S. and Andreasen, N.C. (1996) The DSM-IV Field Trial for Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry, in press.
11. Heizer, J.D. (1975) Bipolar affective disorder in black and white men: A comparison of symptoms and familial illness. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 32, 1140-1143.
12. Keisling, R. (1981) Underdiagnosis of manic-depressive illness in a hospital unit. Am. J. Psychiatry 138, 672-673.
13. Lawson, W.B., Yesavage, J.A. and Werner, P.D. (1984) Race, violence, and psychopathology. J. Clin. Psychiatry 45, 294-297.
14. Lawson, W.B., Hepler, N., Holiday, J. and Cuffel, B. (1994) Race as a factor in inpatient and outpatient admissions and diagnosis. Hosp. Commun. Psychiatry 45, 72-74.
15. Mukherjee, S., Shukla, S., Woodle, J., Rosen, A.M. and Olarte, S. (1981) Misdiagnosis of schizophrenia in bipolar patients: a multiethnic comparison. Am. J. Psychiatry 138, 279-285.
16. Neighbors, H.W., Jackson, J.S., Campbell, L. and Williams, D. (1989) The influence of racial factors on psychiatric diagnosis: a review and suggestions for research. Commun. Ment. Health J. 25, 301-311.
17. Pope, H.G., Jr. and Lipinski, J.F. (1978) Diagnosis in schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness: A reassessment of the specificity of 'schizophrenic' symptoms in the light of current research. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 35, 811-828.
18. Regier, D.A., Farmer, M.E., Rae, D.S., Locke, B.Z., Keith, S.J., Judd, L.L. and Goodwin, F.K. (1990) Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: Results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study. J. Am. Med. Ass. 264, 2511-2518.
19. Robins, L.N. and Regier, D. (Eds.) (1991) Psychiatric Disorders in America: the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. The Free Press, New York, NY.
20. Schneider, K. (1959) Clinical Psychopathology. (Hamilton, M.W., translator). Grune and Stratton, New York, NY.
21. Simon, R. and Fleiss, J. (1973) Depression and schizophrenia in hospitalized patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 14, 475-481.
22. Siris, S.G., van Kammen, D.P. and Docherty, J.P. (1978) Use of antidepressant drugs in schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 35, 1368-1377.
23. Strakowski, S.M., Shelton, R.C. and Kolbrener, M.L. (1993a) The effects of race and comorbidity on clinical diagnosis in patients with psychosis. J. Clin. Psychiatry 54, 96-102.
24. Strakowski, S.M., Tohen, M., Stoll, A.L., Faedda, G.L., Mayer, P.V., Kolbrener, M.L. and Goodwin, D.C. (1993b) Comorbidity in psychosis at first hospitalization. Am. J. Psychiatry 150, 752-757.
25. Strakowski, S.M., Flaum, M., Tohen, M., Amador, X. and DSM-IV Field Trial for Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders (1994) Substance abuse in psychotic disorders: associations with affective syndromes. Schizophr. Res. 14, 73-81.
26. Strakowski, S.M., Lonczak, H.S., Sax, K.W., West, S.A., Crist, A., Mehta, R. and Thienhaus, O.J. (1995) The effects of race on diagnosis and disposition from a psychiatric emergency service. J. Clin. Psychiatry 56, 101-107.
27. Strakowski, S.M., McElroy, S.L., Keck, P.E., Jr. and West, S.A. (1996) Racial influence on diagnosis in psychotic mania. J. Affect. Disord. 39, 157-162.