Psychiatric diagnosis of African Americans: Diagnostic divergence in clinician-structured and semistructured interviewing conditions

Journal of the National Medical Association

Volumn 91, Issue 11, 1999, Pages 601-612

  Neighbors, Harold W ^a   Trierweiler, Steven J ^b   Munday, Cheryl ^b   Thompson, Estina E ^b   Jackson, James S ^b   Binion, Victoria J ^b   Gomez, John ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Diagnostic interviewing condition; Mood disorder; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; DATA COLLECTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0033217240     PISSN: 00279684     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Robins LN, Regier DA. Psychiatric Disorders in America. New York, NY: The Free Press; 1991.
2. Brown DR, Eaton W. Sussman L. Racial differences in the prevalence of phobic disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1990;178:434-441.
3. Williams DR, Takeuchi DT, Adair RK. Marital status and psychiatric disorder among blacks and whites. J Health Soc Behav. 1992;33:140-157.
4. Williams DR, Takeuchi DT, Adair RK. Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorder among blacks and whites. Social Forces. 1992;71:179-194.
5. Friedman S. Paradis C. African American patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia. J Anxiety Disord. 1991;5:35-41.
6. Kirk SA, Kutchins H. Deliberate misdiagnosis in mental health practice. Social Service Review. 1988;62:225-237.
7. Kirk SA, Kutchins H. The Selling of DSM: The Rhetoric of Science in Psychiatry. New York, NY: Aldine de Guyter; 1992.
8. Hendricks L, Bayton J, Collins J, Mathura C, McMlllan S, Montgomery T The NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule: a test of its validity in a population of black adults. J Natl Med Assoc. 1983;75:667-671.
9. Lawson W, Hepler N, Holliday J, Cuffel B. Race as a factor in inpatient and outpatient admissions and diagnosis. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. 1994;45:72-74.
10. Lu F, Lim R, Mezich J. Cross cultural psychiatry: issues in the assessment and diagnosis of culturally diverse individuals. Ann Rev Psych. 1995;14:477-510.
11. Whaley AL. Ethnicity/race, paranoia, and psychiatric diagnosis: clinician bias versus sociocultural differences. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 1997;19:1-20.
12. Neighbors HW, Jackson IS, Campbell L, Williams D. Racial influences on psychiatric diagnosis: a review and suggestions for research. Community Ment Health J. 1989;25:301-311.
13. Snowden L, Cheung F. Use of inpatient mental health services by members of ethnic minority groups. Am Psychol. 1990;45:347-355.
14. Bell C, Mehta H. The misdiagnosis of black patients with manic depressive illness. J Natl Med Assoc. 1980;72:141-145.
15. Adebimpe V. Overview: white norms and psychiatric diagnosis of black patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1981;138:279-285.
16. Adebimpe V, Klein H, Fried J. Hallucinations and delusions in black psychiatric patients. J Natl Med Assoc. 1981;73:517-520.
17. Adebimpe V. Psychiatric symptoms in black patients. In: S. Turner RJ, ed. Behavior Modification in Black Populations: Psychosocial Issues and Empirical Findings. New York, NY: Plenum; 1982.
18. Bell C, Mehta H. Misdiagnosis of black patients with manic depressive illness: second in a series. J Natl Med Assoc. 1981;73:101-107.
19. Jones B, Gray B. Problems in diagnosing schizophrenia and affective disorders among blacks. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. 1986;37:61-65.
20. Lawson W. Racial and ethnic factors in psychiatric research. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1986;37:50-54.
21. Kramer M, Rosen B. Willis E. Definitions and distributions of mental disorders in a racist society. In: Willie C, Kramer M, Brown B, eds. Racism and Mental Health. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press; 1973.
22. Mezzich JE, Kleinman A, Fabrega H, Parron DL. Culture and Psychiatric Diagnosis. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1996.
23. Griffith EEH. African American perspectives. In: Mezzich JE, Kleinman A, Fabrega HJ, Parron DL, eds. Culture and Psychiatric Diagnosis: A DSM-IV Perspective. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1996.
24. Neighbors HW, Jackson IS. Mental Health in Black America. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; 1996.
25. Mukherjee S. Shukla S. Woodle J. Rosen AM, Olarte S. Misdiagnosis of schizophrenia in bipolar patients: a multiethnic comparison. Am J Psychiatry. 1983;140: 1571-1574.
26. Pavkov TW, Lewis DA, Lyons IS. Psychiatric diagnosi and racial bias: An empirical investigation. Professional Psychology. 1989;20:364-368.
27. Ruiz D. Epidemiology of schizophrenia: some diagnostic and sociocultural considerations. Phylon. 1983;43 :315-326.
28. Wade JC. Institutional racism: an analysis of the mental health system. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1993;63:536-544.
29. Worthington C. An examination of factors influencing the diagnosis and treatment of black patients in the mental health system. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 1992;6:195-204.
30. Good B. Culture, diagnosis, and comorbidity. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1993;16:427-446.
31. Jenkins-Hall K, Sacco WP. Effect of client race and depression on evaluations by white therapists. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 1991;10:322-333.
32. Loring M, Powell B. Gender, race, and DSM-III: a study of objectivity of psychiatric diagnostic behavior. J Health Soc Behav. 1988;29:1-22.
33. Littlewood. Psychiatric diagnosis and racial bias: Empirical and interpretive approaches. Soc Sci Med. 1992;34:141-149.
34. Strakowski SM, Shelton RK, Kolbrener M. The effects of race and comorbidity on clinical diagnosis in patients with psychosis. J Clin Psychiatry. 1993;54:96-102.
35. Strakowski SM, Lonczak H, Sax K, et al. The effects of race on diagnosis and disposition from a psychiatric emergency service. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995;56:101-107.
36. Cheung F, Snowden L. Community mental health and ethnic minority populations. Comm Ment Health J. 1990;26:277-291.
37. Gaines A. From DSM-I to DSM-III-R. voices of self, mastery, and the other: a cultural constructivist reading of US psychiatric classification. Soc Sci Med. 1992;35:3-24.
38. Killian TM, Killian LT. Sociological investigations of mental illness: a review. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. 1990;41:902-911.
39. Lipton AA, Simon FS. Psychiatric diagnosis in a state hospital: Manhattan State revisited. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. 1985;36:368-373.
40. Liss J. Weiner A, Robins E, Richardson M. Psychiatric symptoms in white and black in patients I: Record study. Compr Psychiatry. 1973;14:475-481.
41. Paradis CM, Friedman S, Lazar RM, Grubea J, Kessleman M. Use of a structured interview to diagnose anxiety disorders in a minority population. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. 1992;43:61-64.
42. Raskin A, Crook TH, Herman KD. Psychiatric history and symptom differences in black and white depressed inpatients. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1975;43:73-80.
43. Simon RJ, Fleiss JL, Gurland BJ, Stiller PR, Sharpe L. Depression and schizophrenia in hospitalized black and white mental patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1973;28:509-512.
44. Tonks CM, Paykel ES, Klerman GL. Clinical depression among Negroes. Am J Psychiatry. 1970;127:329-335.
45. Weiner A, Liss JL, Robins E. Psychiatric symptoms in white and black inpatients, II: follow-up study. Compr Psychiatry. 1973;14:483-488.
46. Williams D. The epidemiology of mental illness in Afro-Americans. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. 1986;37:42-49.
47. Thompson EE, Neighbors HW, Munday C, Jackson IS. Recruitment and retention of African American patients for clinical research: An exploration of response rates in an urban psychiatric hospital. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996;64:861-867.
48. Hudziak JJ, Helzer JE, Wetzel MW, Kessel KB. The use of the DSM-III-R Checklist for initial diagnostic assessments. Compr Psychiatry. 1993;34:375-383.
49. Jampala V, Chowdry S. Taylor MA. The use of DSM-III in the United States: a case of not going by the book. Compr Psychiatry. 1988;29:39-47.
50. Somervell PD, Leaf PJ, Weissman MM, Blazer DG, Bruce ML. The prevalence of major depression in black and white adults in five United States communities. Am J Epidemiol. 1989;130:725-735.
51. Strakowski SM, McElroy SL, Keck PE, West SA. Racial influence on diagnosis in psychotic mania. J Affect Disord. 1996;39:157-162.
52. Kilgus MG, Pumariega AJ, Cuffe SP. Influence of race on diagnosis in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995;34:67-72.
53. Frances AJ. Philosophical Perspectives on Psychiatric Diagnostic Classification. In: Sadler JZ, Wiggins OP, Schwartz MA, eds. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1994.
54. Frances AJ, Pincus HA, Widiger TA, Davis WW, First MB. DSM-IV: work in progress. In: Mezzich JE, ed. Psychiatric Epidemiology: Assessment Concepts and Methods. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1994.
55. Mechanic D. Medical Sociology. New York, NY: The Free Press; 1978.
56. Lewis-Fernandez R. Kleinman A. Cultural psychiatry: theoretical, clinical and research issues. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1995;18:433-444.
57. Carter JH. Recognizing psychiatric symptoms in black Americans. Geriatrics. 1974;29:96-99.
58. Alarcon RD. Culture and psychiatric diagnosis: Impact on DSM-IV and ICD-10. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1995;18:449-465.
59. Gaw AC. Culture, Ethnicity, and Mental illness. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1993.
60. Rogler LH. Culturally sensitizing psychiatric diagnosis: a framework for research. J Ner Ment Dis. 1993;181:401-408.
61. Wakeffeld JC. The concept of mental disorder: on the boundary between biological facts and social values. Am Psychol. 1992;47:373-388.
62. Kleinman A. Rethinking Psychiatry: From Cultural Category to Personal Experience. New York, NY: Free Press; 1988.
63. Segal DL, Hersen M, Van Hasselt VB. Reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. An evaluative review. Compr Psychiatry. 1994;35:316-327.
64. Elstein AS, Shulman LS, Sprafka SA. Medical problem solving: a 10-year retrospective. Evaluation and the Health Professions. 1990;13:5-36.