Combined thiazolidinedione-metformin treatment synergistically improves insulin signalling to insulin receptor substrate-1-dependent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, atypical protein kinase C and protein kinase B/Akt in human diabetic muscle
Insulin receptor phosphorylation, IRS-1 phosphorylation, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity are decreased in intact skeletal muscle from obese subjects
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Insulin-stimulated PKC-λ/ζ activity is reduced and PDK-1 activity is normal in muscle of insulin resistant humans
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Contrasting insulin dose-dependent defects in activation of atypical protein kinase C and protein kinase B/Akt in muscles of obese diabetic humans
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Normal insulin-dependent activation of Akt/protein kinase B, with diminished activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in muscle in type 2 diabetes
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Insulin-stimulated Akt activity is reduced in skeletal muscle from NIDDM subjects
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Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the Akt substrate AS160 is impaired in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic subjects
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Troglitizone, but not metformin, restores insulin-stimulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and increases p110β protein levels in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic humans
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Muscle-specific knockout of PKC-lambda impairs glucose transport and induces metabolic and diabetic syndromes
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