메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 550-556

Thromboembolism in pregnancy: Recurrence risks, prevention and management

Author keywords

Anticoagulation; Arterial thromboembolism; Deep vein thrombosis; Pregnancy; Pulmonary embolus; Venous thromboembolism

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; DALTEPARIN; ENOXAPARIN; ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN; HEPARIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; TINZAPARIN; WARFARIN;

EID: 56849095810     PISSN: 1040872X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/GCO.0b013e328317a427     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (25)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 23944452327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and risk factors for stroke in pregnancy and the puerperium
    • James AH, Bushnell CD, Jamison MG, Myers ER. Incidence and risk factors for stroke in pregnancy and the puerperium. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106:509-516.
    • (2005) Obstet Gynecol , vol.106 , pp. 509-516
    • James, A.H.1    Bushnell, C.D.2    Jamison, M.G.3    Myers, E.R.4
  • 2
    • 33645749661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute myocardial infarction in pregnancy: A United States population-based study
    • James AH, Jamison MG, Biswas MS, et al. Acute myocardial infarction in pregnancy: a United States population-based study. Circulation 2006; 113:1564-1571.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.113 , pp. 1564-1571
    • James, A.H.1    Jamison, M.G.2    Biswas, M.S.3
  • 3
    • 28044439149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the incidence of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy or postpartum: A 30-year population-based study
    • Heit JA, Kobbervig CE, James AH, et al. Trends in the incidence of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy or postpartum: a 30-year population-based study. Ann Intern Med 2005; 143:697-706.
    • (2005) Ann Intern Med , vol.143 , pp. 697-706
    • Heit, J.A.1    Kobbervig, C.E.2    James, A.H.3
  • 5
    • 33646117733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period: Incidence, risk factors, and mortality
    • James AH, Jamison MG, Brancazio LR, Myers ER. Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period: incidence, risk factors, and mortality. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 194:1311-1315.
    • (2006) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.194 , pp. 1311-1315
    • James, A.H.1    Jamison, M.G.2    Brancazio, L.R.3    Myers, E.R.4
  • 6
    • 0033231697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence, clinical characteristics, and timing of objectively diagnosed venous thromboembolism during pregnancy
    • Gherman RB, Goodwin TM, Leung B, et al. Incidence, clinical characteristics, and timing of objectively diagnosed venous thromboembolism during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1999; 94 (5 Pt 1):730-734.
    • (1999) Obstet Gynecol , vol.94 , Issue.5 PART 1 , pp. 730-734
    • Gherman, R.B.1    Goodwin, T.M.2    Leung, B.3
  • 7
    • 0035135350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and the puerperium: Incidence and additional risk factors from a London perinatal database
    • Simpson EL, Lawrenson RA, Nightingale AL, Farmer RD. Venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and the puerperium: incidence and additional risk factors from a London perinatal database. BJOG 2001; 108:56-60.
    • (2001) BJOG , vol.108 , pp. 56-60
    • Simpson, E.L.1    Lawrenson, R.A.2    Nightingale, A.L.3    Farmer, R.D.4
  • 9
    • 0032908014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep vein thrombosis during pregnancy and the puerperium: A meta-analysis of the period of risk and the leg of presentation
    • Ray JG, Chan WS. Deep vein thrombosis during pregnancy and the puerperium: a meta-analysis of the period of risk and the leg of presentation. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1999; 54:265-271.
    • (1999) Obstet Gynecol Surv , vol.54 , pp. 265-271
    • Ray, J.G.1    Chan, W.S.2
  • 10
    • 0347063986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcome of deep venous thrombosis during pregnancy treated with unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin
    • Ulander VM, Lehtola A, Kaaja R. Long-term outcome of deep venous thrombosis during pregnancy treated with unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin. Thrombosis Res 2003; 111:239-242.
    • (2003) Thrombosis Res , vol.111 , pp. 239-242
    • Ulander, V.M.1    Lehtola, A.2    Kaaja, R.3
  • 11
    • 0021928038 scopus 로고
    • Side and site of deep vein thrombosis in women using oral contraceptives
    • Kierkegaard A. Side and site of deep vein thrombosis in women using oral contraceptives. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1985; 64:399-402.
    • (1985) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.64 , pp. 399-402
    • Kierkegaard, A.1
  • 12
    • 0021873177 scopus 로고
    • Deep vein thrombosis and the oestrogen content in oral contraceptives. An epidemiological analysis
    • Kierkegaard A. Deep vein thrombosis and the oestrogen content in oral contraceptives. An epidemiological analysis. Contraception 1985; 31:29-41.
    • (1985) Contraception , vol.31 , pp. 29-41
    • Kierkegaard, A.1
  • 13
    • 0000478008 scopus 로고
    • The iliac compression syndrome
    • Cockett FB, Thomas ML. The iliac compression syndrome. Br J Surg 1965; 52:816-821.
    • (1965) Br J Surg , vol.52 , pp. 816-821
    • Cockett, F.B.1    Thomas, M.L.2
  • 14
    • 0026561877 scopus 로고
    • Venous thrombosis during pregnancy: Leg and trimester of presentation
    • Ginsberg JS, Brill-Edwards P, Burrows RF, et al. Venous thrombosis during pregnancy: leg and trimester of presentation. Thromb Haemost 1992; 67:519-520.
    • (1992) Thromb Haemost , vol.67 , pp. 519-520
    • Ginsberg, J.S.1    Brill-Edwards, P.2    Burrows, R.F.3
  • 15
    • 0348223709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective registry of 5451 patients with ultrasound-confirmed deep vein thrombosis
    • Goldhaber SZ, Tapson VF. A prospective registry of 5451 patients with ultrasound-confirmed deep vein thrombosis. Am J Cardiol 2004; 93:259-262.
    • (2004) Am J Cardiol , vol.93 , pp. 259-262
    • Goldhaber, S.Z.1    Tapson, V.F.2
  • 16
    • 0037993032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • editors. Normal and problem pregnancies. NYC: Churchill Livingstone;
    • Gordon, M. Maternal physiology in pregnancy. In: Gabbe S, Niebyl J, Simpson J, editors. Normal and problem pregnancies. NYC: Churchill Livingstone; 2002. pp. 63-92.
    • (2002) Maternal physiology in pregnancy , pp. 63-92
    • Gordon, M.1
  • 17
    • 0031042067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ultrasound study of gestational and postural changes in the deep venous system of the leg in pregnancy
    • Macklon NS, Greer IA, Bowman AW. An ultrasound study of gestational and postural changes in the deep venous system of the leg in pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997; 104:191-197.
    • (1997) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.104 , pp. 191-197
    • Macklon, N.S.1    Greer, I.A.2    Bowman, A.W.3
  • 18
    • 56849087055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • editors. Normal and problem pregnancies. NYC: Churchill Livingstone;
    • Whitty J, Dombrowski M. Respiratory diseases in pregnancy. In: Gabbe S, Niebyl J, Simpson J, editors. Normal and problem pregnancies. NYC: Churchill Livingstone; 2002. pp. 1033-1064.
    • (2002) Respiratory diseases in pregnancy , pp. 1033-1064
    • Whitty, J.1    Dombrowski, M.2
  • 19
    • 0035127901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during pregnancy or post partum: A population-based, case-control study
    • Danilenko-Dixon DR, Heit JA, Silverstein MD, et al. Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during pregnancy or post partum: a population-based, case-control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 184:104-110.
    • (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.184 , pp. 104-110
    • Danilenko-Dixon, D.R.1    Heit, J.A.2    Silverstein, M.D.3
  • 20
    • 0030827418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged bed rest during pregnancy: Does the risk of deep vein thrombosis warrant the use of routine heparin prophylaxis?
    • Carr MH, Towers CV, Eastenson AR, et al. Prolonged bed rest during pregnancy: does the risk of deep vein thrombosis warrant the use of routine heparin prophylaxis? J Matern Fetal Med 1997; 6:264-267.
    • (1997) J Matern Fetal Med , vol.6 , pp. 264-267
    • Carr, M.H.1    Towers, C.V.2    Eastenson, A.R.3
  • 21
    • 0034119820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of thromboembolic events among women with extended bed rest prescribed as part of the treatment for premature labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes
    • Kovacevich GJ, Gaich SA, Lavin JP, et al. The prevalence of thromboembolic events among women with extended bed rest prescribed as part of the treatment for premature labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182:1089-1092.
    • (2000) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.182 , pp. 1089-1092
    • Kovacevich, G.J.1    Gaich, S.A.2    Lavin, J.P.3
  • 22
    • 1842786849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leiden mutation, bed rest and infection: Simultaneous triggers for maternal deep-vein thrombosis and neonatal intracranial hemorrhage?
    • Sikovanyecz J, Orvos H, Pal A, et al. Leiden mutation, bed rest and infection: simultaneous triggers for maternal deep-vein thrombosis and neonatal intracranial hemorrhage? Fetal Diagn Ther 2004; 19:275-277.
    • (2004) Fetal Diagn Ther , vol.19 , pp. 275-277
    • Sikovanyecz, J.1    Orvos, H.2    Pal, A.3
  • 23
    • 56849121598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postpartum hemorrhage: prevention of postpartum hemorrhage initiative. Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health [Website] 2007 [cited January 28, 2007]. [Available from: http://www. pphprevention.org/pph.php].
    • Postpartum hemorrhage: prevention of postpartum hemorrhage initiative. Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health [Website] 2007 [cited January 28, 2007]. [Available from: http://www. pphprevention.org/pph.php].
  • 24
    • 0038749612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy-related mortality surveillance: United States, 1991-1999
    • Chang J, Elam-Evans LD, Berg CJ, et al. Pregnancy-related mortality surveillance: United States, 1991-1999. MMWR Surveill Summ 2003; 52:1-8.
    • (2003) MMWR Surveill Summ , vol.52 , pp. 1-8
    • Chang, J.1    Elam-Evans, L.D.2    Berg, C.J.3
  • 25
    • 0036683413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporary increase in the risk for recurrence during pregnancy in women with a history of venous thromboembolism
    • Pabinger I, Grafenhofer H, Kyrle PA, et al. Temporary increase in the risk for recurrence during pregnancy in women with a history of venous thromboembolism. Blood 2002; 100:1060-1062.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.100 , pp. 1060-1062
    • Pabinger, I.1    Grafenhofer, H.2    Kyrle, P.A.3
  • 26
    • 0033861999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischemic stroke in young women: Risk of recurrence during subsequent pregnancies. French Study Group on Stroke in Pregnancy
    • Lamy C, Hamon JB, Coste J, Mas JL. Ischemic stroke in young women: risk of recurrence during subsequent pregnancies. French Study Group on Stroke in Pregnancy. Neurology 2000; 55:269-274.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 269-274
    • Lamy, C.1    Hamon, J.B.2    Coste, J.3    Mas, J.L.4
  • 27
    • 0034676551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of withholding heparin in pregnant women with a history of venous thromboembolism. Recurrence of Clot in This Pregnancy Study Group
    • Brill-Edwards P, Ginsberg JS, Gent M, et al. Safety of withholding heparin in pregnant women with a history of venous thromboembolism. Recurrence of Clot in This Pregnancy Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:1439-1444.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 1439-1444
    • Brill-Edwards, P.1    Ginsberg, J.S.2    Gent, M.3
  • 28
    • 23844450754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of pregnancy-associated recurrent venous thromboembolism in women with a history of venous thrombosis
    • Pabinger I, Grafenhofer H, Kaider A, et al. Risk of pregnancy-associated recurrent venous thromboembolism in women with a history of venous thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3:949-954.
    • (2005) J Thromb Haemost , vol.3 , pp. 949-954
    • Pabinger, I.1    Grafenhofer, H.2    Kaider, A.3
  • 29
    • 33749266340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and puerperium without antithrombotic prophylaxis
    • De Stefano V, Martinelli I, Rossi E, et al. The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and puerperium without antithrombotic prophylaxis. Br J Haematol 2006; 135:386-391.
    • (2006) Br J Haematol , vol.135 , pp. 386-391
    • De Stefano, V.1    Martinelli, I.2    Rossi, E.3
  • 30
    • 0032932342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of low-molecular-weight heparin in pregnancy: A systematic review
    • Sanson BJ, Lensing AW, Prins MH, et al. Safety of low-molecular-weight heparin in pregnancy: a systematic review. Thromb Haemost 1999; 81:668-672.
    • (1999) Thromb Haemost , vol.81 , pp. 668-672
    • Sanson, B.J.1    Lensing, A.W.2    Prins, M.H.3
  • 31
    • 0035160309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy: A retrospective study of enoxaparin safety in 624 pregnancies
    • Lepercq J, Conard J, Borel-Derlon A, et al. Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy: a retrospective study of enoxaparin safety in 624 pregnancies. BJOG 2001; 108:1134-1140.
    • (2001) BJOG , vol.108 , pp. 1134-1140
    • Lepercq, J.1    Conard, J.2    Borel-Derlon, A.3
  • 32
    • 0033675661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic factors associated with thrombosis in pregnancy in a United States population
    • Dilley A, Austin H, El-Jamil M, et al. Genetic factors associated with thrombosis in pregnancy in a United States population. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183:1271-1277.
    • (2000) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.183 , pp. 1271-1277
    • Dilley, A.1    Austin, H.2    El-Jamil, M.3
  • 33
    • 0034628535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prothrombin and factor V mutations in women with a history of thrombosis during pregnancy and the puerperium
    • Gerhardt A, Scharf RE, Beckmann MW, et al. Prothrombin and factor V mutations in women with a history of thrombosis during pregnancy and the puerperium. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:374-380.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 374-380
    • Gerhardt, A.1    Scharf, R.E.2    Beckmann, M.W.3
  • 34
    • 32544441595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombophilia in pregnancy: A systematic review
    • Robertson L, Wu O, Langhorne P, et al. Thrombophilia in pregnancy: a systematic review. Br J Haematol 2006; 132:171-196.
    • (2006) Br J Haematol , vol.132 , pp. 171-196
    • Robertson, L.1    Wu, O.2    Langhorne, P.3
  • 35
    • 0024462373 scopus 로고
    • Heparin therapy during pregnancy. Risks to the fetus and mother
    • Ginsberg JS, Kowalchuk G, Hirsh J, et al. Heparin therapy during pregnancy. Risks to the fetus and mother. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149:2233-2236.
    • (1989) Arch Intern Med , vol.149 , pp. 2233-2236
    • Ginsberg, J.S.1    Kowalchuk, G.2    Hirsh, J.3
  • 36
    • 22144466236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-molecular-weight heparine for thromboprophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy: A systematic review of safety and efficacy
    • Greer IA, Nelson-Piercy C. Low-molecular-weight heparine for thromboprophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy: a systematic review of safety and efficacy. Blood 2005; 106:401-407.
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , pp. 401-407
    • Greer, I.A.1    Nelson-Piercy, C.2
  • 37
    • 33748535073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-molecular-weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves
    • James AH, Brancazio LR, Gehrig TR, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2006; 19:643-549.
    • (2006) J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med , vol.19 , pp. 643-549
    • James, A.H.1    Brancazio, L.R.2    Gehrig, T.R.3
  • 38
    • 45949094478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bates SM, Greer IA, Pabinger I, et al. Venous thromboembolism, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Ed.). Chest 2006; 133 (6 Suppl):844S-886S. This article is actually a chapter in the American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). This chapter thoroughly and comprehensively reviews the evidence for the use of anticoagulation to prevent and treat venous thromboembolism in pregnancy. These guidelines, revised and updated, were just published in June 2008. They are considered to be the definitive resource by experts in the field.
    • Bates SM, Greer IA, Pabinger I, et al. Venous thromboembolism, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Ed.). Chest 2006; 133 (6 Suppl):844S-886S. This article is actually a chapter in the American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). This chapter thoroughly and comprehensively reviews the evidence for the use of anticoagulation to prevent and treat venous thromboembolism in pregnancy. These guidelines, revised and updated, were just published in June 2008. They are considered to be the definitive resource by experts in the field.
  • 39
    • 0038208243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiphospholipid syndrome: Obstetric diagnosis, management, and controversies
    • Branch DW, Khamashta MA. Antiphospholipid syndrome: obstetric diagnosis, management, and controversies. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 101:1333-1344.
    • (2003) Obstet Gynecol , vol.101 , pp. 1333-1344
    • Branch, D.W.1    Khamashta, M.A.2
  • 40
    • 2342633147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-molecular-weight heparin versus low-dose aspirin in women with one fetal loss and a constitutional thrombophilic disorder
    • Gris JC, Mercier E, Quere I, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus low-dose aspirin in women with one fetal loss and a constitutional thrombophilic disorder. Blood 2004; 103:3695-3699.
    • (2004) Blood , vol.103 , pp. 3695-3699
    • Gris, J.C.1    Mercier, E.2    Quere, I.3
  • 41
    • 0033531184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased frequency of genetic thrombophilia in women with complications of pregnancy
    • Kupferminc MJ, Eldor A, Steinman N, et al. Increased frequency of genetic thrombophilia in women with complications of pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:9-13.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 9-13
    • Kupferminc, M.J.1    Eldor, A.2    Steinman, N.3
  • 42
    • 33746116449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombophilia in pregnancy: Maternal and fetal implications
    • James A, Brancazio L, Ortel T. Thrombophilia in pregnancy: maternal and fetal implications. Curr Womens Health Rev 2006; 2:51-59.
    • (2006) Curr Womens Health Rev , vol.2 , pp. 51-59
    • James, A.1    Brancazio, L.2    Ortel, T.3
  • 43
    • 0028786416 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous heparin during the early third trimester of pregnancy
    • Brancazio LR, Roperti KA, Stierer R, Laifer SA. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous heparin during the early third trimester of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 173:1240-1245.
    • (1995) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.173 , pp. 1240-1245
    • Brancazio, L.R.1    Roperti, K.A.2    Stierer, R.3    Laifer, S.A.4
  • 44
    • 0032738711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the pharmacokinetics of the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin sodium during pregnancy
    • Casele HL, Laifer SA, Woelkers DA, Venkataramanan R. Changes in the pharmacokinetics of the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin sodium during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181 (5 Pt 1):1113-1117.
    • (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.181 , Issue.5 PART 1 , pp. 1113-1117
    • Casele, H.L.1    Laifer, S.A.2    Woelkers, D.A.3    Venkataramanan, R.4
  • 45
    • 6344241111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low molecular weight heparin (tinzaparin) therapy for moderate risk thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy. A pharmacokinetic study
    • Norris LA, Bonnar J, Smith MP, et al. Low molecular weight heparin (tinzaparin) therapy for moderate risk thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy. A pharmacokinetic study. Thromb Haemost 2004; 92:791-796.
    • (2004) Thromb Haemost , vol.92 , pp. 791-796
    • Norris, L.A.1    Bonnar, J.2    Smith, M.P.3
  • 46
    • 1342345330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tinzaparin sodium for thrombosis treatment and prevention during pregnancy
    • Smith MP, Norris LA, Steer PJ, et al. Tinzaparin sodium for thrombosis treatment and prevention during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190:495-501.
    • (2004) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.190 , pp. 495-501
    • Smith, M.P.1    Norris, L.A.2    Steer, P.J.3
  • 47
    • 4644360302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective trial that demonstrates that dalteparin requirements increase in pregnancy to maintain therapeutic levels of anticoagulation
    • Barbour LA, Oja JL, Schultz LK. A prospective trial that demonstrates that dalteparin requirements increase in pregnancy to maintain therapeutic levels of anticoagulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191:1024-1029.
    • (2004) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.191 , pp. 1024-1029
    • Barbour, L.A.1    Oja, J.L.2    Schultz, L.K.3
  • 50
    • 0027886337 scopus 로고
    • Lack of antifactor Xa activity in umbilical cord vein samples after subcutaneous administration of heparin or low molecular mass heparin in pregnant women
    • Harenberg J, Schneider D, Heilmann L, Wolf H. Lack of antifactor Xa activity in umbilical cord vein samples after subcutaneous administration of heparin or low molecular mass heparin in pregnant women. Haemostasis 1993; 23:314-320.
    • (1993) Haemostasis , vol.23 , pp. 314-320
    • Harenberg, J.1    Schneider, D.2    Heilmann, L.3    Wolf, H.4
  • 52
    • 0028276935 scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral density during long-term prophylaxis with heparin in pregnancy
    • Dahlman TC, Sjoberg HE, Ringertz H. Bone mineral density during long-term prophylaxis with heparin in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170 (5 Pt 1):1315-1320.
    • (1994) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.170 , Issue.5 PART 1 , pp. 1315-1320
    • Dahlman, T.C.1    Sjoberg, H.E.2    Ringertz, H.3
  • 53
    • 0028358970 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of heparin-induced osteoporosis in pregnancy using bone densitometry
    • Barbour LA, Kick SD, Steiner JF, et al. A prospective study of heparin-induced osteoporosis in pregnancy using bone densitometry. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170:862-869.
    • (1994) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.170 , pp. 862-869
    • Barbour, L.A.1    Kick, S.D.2    Steiner, J.F.3
  • 54
    • 33748777141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone density changes in women who receive thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy
    • Casele H, Haney EI, James A, et al. Bone density changes in women who receive thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195:1109-1113.
    • (2006) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.195 , pp. 1109-1113
    • Casele, H.1    Haney, E.I.2    James, A.3
  • 55
    • 0027467168 scopus 로고
    • Osteoporotic fractures and the recurrence of thromboembolism during pregnancy and the puerperium in 184 women undergoing thromboprophylaxis with heparin
    • Dahlman TC. Osteoporotic fractures and the recurrence of thromboembolism during pregnancy and the puerperium in 184 women undergoing thromboprophylaxis with heparin. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 168:1265-1270.
    • (1993) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.168 , pp. 1265-1270
    • Dahlman, T.C.1
  • 56
    • 0034919079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is rare in pregnancy
    • Fausett MB, Vogtlander M, Lee RM, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is rare in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185:148-152.
    • (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.185 , pp. 148-152
    • Fausett, M.B.1    Vogtlander, M.2    Lee, R.M.3
  • 58
    • 0036166519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postpartum bone mineral density in women treated for thromboprophylaxis with unfractionated heparin or LMW heparin
    • Pettila V, Leinonen P, Markkola A, et al. Postpartum bone mineral density in women treated for thromboprophylaxis with unfractionated heparin or LMW heparin. Thromb Haemost 2002; 87:182-186.
    • (2002) Thromb Haemost , vol.87 , pp. 182-186
    • Pettila, V.1    Leinonen, P.2    Markkola, A.3
  • 59
    • 2442438933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective observational study of bone mineral density during pregnancy: Low molecular weight heparin versus control
    • Carlin AJ, Farquharson RG, Quenby SM, et al. Prospective observational study of bone mineral density during pregnancy: low molecular weight heparin versus control. Hum Reprod 2004; 19:1211-1214.
    • (2004) Hum Reprod , vol.19 , pp. 1211-1214
    • Carlin, A.J.1    Farquharson, R.G.2    Quenby, S.M.3
  • 60
    • 33750609384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bruising in women undergoing thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy
    • Casele H, Haney E. Bruising in women undergoing thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 193:S81.
    • (2006) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.193
    • Casele, H.1    Haney, E.2
  • 61
    • 25844439986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombosis, thrombophilia, and thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy
    • James AH, Brancazio LR, Ortel TL. Thrombosis, thrombophilia, and thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2005; 3:187-197.
    • (2005) Clin Adv Hematol Oncol , vol.3 , pp. 187-197
    • James, A.H.1    Brancazio, L.R.2    Ortel, T.L.3
  • 62
    • 0009751569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACOG, American College of Obstetrician and Gynecologists;
    • ACOG, Thromboembolism in pregnancy. American College of Obstetrician and Gynecologists; 2000. p. 1-9.
    • (2000) Thromboembolism in pregnancy , pp. 1-9
  • 63
    • 0036157110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inherited thrombophilias in pregnant patients: Detection and treatment paradigm
    • Lockwood CJ. Inherited thrombophilias in pregnant patients: detection and treatment paradigm. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 99:333-341.
    • (2002) Obstet Gynecol , vol.99 , pp. 333-341
    • Lockwood, C.J.1
  • 64
    • 2542491963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal and perinatal outcome in women with a history of stroke
    • Coppage KH, Hinton AC, Moldenhauer J, et al. Maternal and perinatal outcome in women with a history of stroke. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190:1331-1334.
    • (2004) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.190 , pp. 1331-1334
    • Coppage, K.H.1    Hinton, A.C.2    Moldenhauer, J.3
  • 66
    • 0030832895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thromboembolic disease associated with ovarian stimulation and assisted conception techniques
    • Stewart JA, Hamilton PJ, Murdoch AP. Thromboembolic disease associated with ovarian stimulation and assisted conception techniques. Hum Reprod 1997; 12:2167-2173.
    • (1997) Hum Reprod , vol.12 , pp. 2167-2173
    • Stewart, J.A.1    Hamilton, P.J.2    Murdoch, A.P.3
  • 67
    • 0029035681 scopus 로고
    • Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients treated with low-molecular-weight heparin or unfractionated heparin
    • Warkentin TE, Levine MN, Hirsh J, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients treated with low-molecular-weight heparin or unfractionated heparin. N Engl J Med 1995; 332:1330-1335.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 1330-1335
    • Warkentin, T.E.1    Levine, M.N.2    Hirsh, J.3
  • 68
    • 0037111744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How we manage venous thromboembolism during pregnancy
    • Bates SM, Ginsberg JS. How we manage venous thromboembolism during pregnancy. Blood 2002; 100:3470-3478.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.100 , pp. 3470-3478
    • Bates, S.M.1    Ginsberg, J.S.2
  • 70
    • 0035122497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low molecular weight heparin and neuraxial anesthesia
    • Horlocker TT. Low molecular weight heparin and neuraxial anesthesia. Thromb Res 2001; 101:141-154.
    • (2001) Thromb Res , vol.101 , pp. 141-154
    • Horlocker, T.T.1
  • 71
    • 0022632878 scopus 로고
    • Pneumatic compression devices for prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
    • Baker WH, Mahler DK, Foldes MS, et al. Pneumatic compression devices for prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Am Surg 1986; 52:371-373.
    • (1986) Am Surg , vol.52 , pp. 371-373
    • Baker, W.H.1    Mahler, D.K.2    Foldes, M.S.3
  • 72
    • 0030015563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Venous thromboembolic disease in obstetrics and gynaecology: The Scottish experience
    • Macklon NS, Greer IA. Venous thromboembolic disease in obstetrics and gynaecology: the Scottish experience. Scott Med J 1996; 41:83-86.
    • (1996) Scott Med J , vol.41 , pp. 83-86
    • Macklon, N.S.1    Greer, I.A.2
  • 73
    • 2942565989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep vein thrombosis after elective cesarean section
    • Jacobson AF, Drolsum A, Klow NE, et al. Deep vein thrombosis after elective cesarean section. Thromb Res 2004; 113:283-288.
    • (2004) Thromb Res , vol.113 , pp. 283-288
    • Jacobson, A.F.1    Drolsum, A.2    Klow, N.E.3
  • 74
    • 0017570138 scopus 로고
    • May mothers given warfarin breast-feed their infants?
    • Orme ML, Lewis PJ, de Swiet M, et al. May mothers given warfarin breast-feed their infants? Br Med J 1977; 1:1564-1565.
    • (1977) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 1564-1565
    • Orme, M.L.1    Lewis, P.J.2    de Swiet, M.3
  • 75
    • 0020961103 scopus 로고
    • Is warfarin sodium contraindicated in the lactating mother?
    • McKenna R, Cole ER, Vasan U. Is warfarin sodium contraindicated in the lactating mother? J Pediatr 1983; 103:325-327.
    • (1983) J Pediatr , vol.103 , pp. 325-327
    • McKenna, R.1    Cole, E.R.2    Vasan, U.3
  • 76
    • 0034877516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk
    • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs
    • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001; 108:776-789.
    • (2001) Pediatrics , vol.108 , pp. 776-789
  • 77
    • 0031870121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease and use of oral and injectable progestogen-only contraceptives and combined injectable contraceptives. Results of an international, multicenter, case-control study. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Contraception 1998; 57:315-324
    • Cardiovascular disease and use of oral and injectable progestogen-only contraceptives and combined injectable contraceptives. Results of an international, multicenter, case-control study. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Contraception 1998; 57:315-324.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.