Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia -therapeutic concentrations of danaparoid, unlike fondaparinux and direct thrombin inhibitors, inhibit formation of platelet factor 4-heparin complexes

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis

Volumn 6, Issue 12, 2008, Pages 2160-2167

  Krauel, K ^a   Furll B ^a   Warkentin, T E ^b   Weitschies, W ^a   Kohlmann, T ^a   Sheppard, J I ^b   Greinacher, Andreas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GREIFSWALD   (Germany)

^b MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Danaparoid; Direct thrombin inhibitors; Fondaparinux; Heparin; Heparin induced thrombocytopenia; Platelet factor 4

Indexed keywords

ARGATROBAN; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR3; DANAPAROID; FONDAPARINUX; HEPARIN; HEPARIN PLATELET FACTOR 4 ANTIBODY; HIRULOG; LEPIRUDIN; THROMBIN INHIBITOR;

ANTIGEN BINDING; ARTICLE; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; ENZYME INHIBITION; HEPARIN INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HYPERCOAGULABILITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; THROMBOCYTE; THROMBOCYTE ACTIVATION;

ANTIBODIES; ANTIBODY AFFINITY; CELLS, CULTURED; CHONDROITIN SULFATES; DERMATAN SULFATE; HEPARIN; HEPARITIN SULFATE; HUMANS; PLATELET ACTIVATION; PLATELET FACTOR 4; POLYSACCHARIDES; PROTEIN BINDING; SERINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS; THROMBIN; THROMBOCYTOPENIA;

EID: 56749102978     PISSN: 15387933     EISSN: 15387836     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03171.x     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Amiral J, Bridey F, Dreyfus M, Vissoc AM, Fressinaud E, Wolf M, Meyer D. Platelet factor 4 complexed to heparin is the target for antibodies generated in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Thromb Haemost 1992; 68: 95-6.
2. Greinacher A, Potzsch B, Amiral J, Dummel V, Eichner A, Mueller-Eckhardt C. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia: Isolation of the antibody and characterization of a multimolecular PF4-heparin complex as the major antigen. Thromb Haemost 1994; 71: 247-51.
3. Chong BH, Fawaz I, Chesterman CN, Berndt MC. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: Mechanism of interaction of the heparin-dependent antibody with platelets. Br J Haematol 1989; 73: 235-40.
4. Amiral J, Bridey F, Wolf M, Boyer-Neumann C, Fressinaud E, Vissac AM, Peynaud-Debayle E, Dreyfus M, Meyer D. Antibodies to macromolecular platelet factor 4-heparin complexes in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a study of 44 cases. Thromb Haemost 1995; 73: 21-8.
5. Suh JS, Malik MI, Aster RH, Visentin GP. Characterization of the humoral immune response in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am J Hematol 1997; 54: 196-201.
6. Li ZQ, Liu W, Park KS, Sachais BS, Arepally GM, Cines DB, Poncz M. Defining a second epitope for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/ thrombosis antibodies using KKO, a murine HIT-like monoclonal antibody. Blood 2002; 99: 1230-6.
7. Greinacher A, Gopinadhan M, Gunther JU, Omer-Adam MA, Strobel U, Warkentin TE, Papastavrou G, Weitschies W, Helm CA. Close approximation of two platelet factor 4 tetramers by charge neutralization forms the antigens recognized by HIT antibodies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26: 2386-93.
8. Suvarna S, Espinasse B, Qi R, Lubica R, Poncz M, Cines DB, Wiesner MR, Arepally GM. Determinants of PF4/heparin immunogenicity. Blood 2007; 110: 4253-60.
9. Kelton JG, Sheridan D, Santos A, Smith J, Steeves K, Smith C, Brown C, Murphy WG. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: Laboratory studies. Blood 1988; 72: 925-30.
10. Warkentin TE, Greinacher A, Koster A, Lincoff AM. Treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 2008; 133: 340S-80S.
11. Meuleman DG. Orgaran (Org. 10172): Its pharmacological profile in experimental models. Haemostasis 1992; 22: 58-65.
12. Papadopoulos S, Flynn JD, Lewis DA. Fondaparinux as a treatment option for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Pharmacotherapy 2007; 27: 921-6.
13. Bates SM, Weitz JI. The status of new anticoagulants. Br J Haematol 2006; 134: 3-19.
14. Greinacher A, Warkentin TE. The direct thrombin inhibitor hirudin. Thromb Haemost 2008; 99: 819-29.
15. Lewis BE, Hursting MJ. Argatroban therapy in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. In: Warkentin TE, Greinacher A, eds. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, 4th edn. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare, 2007: 379-408.
16. Warkentin TE, Greinacher A, Koster A. Bivalirudin. Thromb Haemost 2008; 99: 830-9.
17. Chong BH, Magnani HN. Danaparoid for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. In: Warkentin TE, Greinacher A, eds. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, 4th edn. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare, 2007: 319-43.
18. Newman PM, Swanson RL, Chong BH. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: IgG binding to PF4-heparin complexes in the fluid phase and cross-reactivity with low molecular weight heparin and heparinoid. Thromb Haemost 1998; 80: 292-7.
19. Chong BH, Ismail F, Cade J, Gallus AS, Gordon S, Chesterman CN. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: studies with a new low molecular weight heparinoid, Org 10172. Blood 1989; 73: 1592-6.
20. Greinacher A, Michels I, Mueller-Eckhardt C. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia: The antibody is not heparin specific. Thromb Haemost 1992; 67: 545-9.
21. Savi P, Chong BH, Greinacher A, Gruel Y, Kelton JG, Warkentin TE, Eichler P, Meuleman D, Petitou M, Herault JP, Cariou R, Herbert JM. Effect of fondaparinux on platelet activation in the presence of heparin-dependent antibodies: A blinded comparative multicenter study with unfractionated heparin. Blood 2005; 105: 139-44.
22. Warkentin TE, Lim W. Can heparin-induced thrombocytopenia be associated with fondaparinux use? Reply to a rebuttal. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6: 1243-6.
23. Warkentin TE, Cook RJ, Marder VJ, Sheppard JA, Moore JC, Eriksson BI, Greinacher A, Kelton JG. Anti-platelet factor 4/heparin antibodies in orthopedic surgery patients receiving antithrombotic prophylaxis with fondaparinux or enoxaparin. Blood 2005; 106: 3791-6.
24. Pouplard C, Couvret C, Regina S, Gruel Y. Development of antibodies specific to polyanion-modified platelet factor 4 during treatment with fondaparinux. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3: 2813-15.
25. Warkentin TE, Maurer BT, Aster RH. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia associated with fondaparinux. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 2653-5.
26. Rota E, Bazzan M, Fantino G. Fondaparinux-related thrombocytopenia in a previous low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH)-induced heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Thromb Haemost 2008; 99: 779-81.
27. Greinacher A, Alban S, Dummel V, Franz G, Mueller-Eckhardt C. Characterization of the structural requirements for a carbohydrate based anticoagulant with a reduced risk of inducing the immunological type of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia. Thromb Haemost 1995; 74: 886-92.
28. Greinacher A, Alban S, Omer-Adam MA, Weitschies W, Warkentin TE. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A stoichiometry-based model to explain the differing immunogenicities of unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, and fondaparinux in different clinical settings. Thromb Res 2008; 122: 211-20.
29. Lasagni L, Grepin R, Mazzinghi B, Lazzeri E, Meini C, Sagrinati C, Liotta F, Frosali F, Ronconi E, Alain-Courtois N, Ballerini L, Netti GS, Maggi E, Annunziato F, Serio M, Romagnani S, Bikfalvi A, Romagnani P. PF-4/CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 exhibit distinct subcellular localization and a differentially regulated mechanism of secretion. Blood 2007; 109: 4127-34.
30. Horsewood P, Warkentin TE, Hayward CP, Kelton JG. The epitope specificity of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 1996; 95: 161-7.
31. Warkentin TE, Hayward CP, Smith CA, Kelly PM, Kelton JG. Determinants of donor platelet variability when testing for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Lab Clin Med 1992; 120: 371-9.
32. Horne MK III, Hutchison KJ. Simultaneous binding of heparin and platelet factor-4 to platelets: Further insights into the mechanism of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am J Hematol 1998; 58: 24-30.
33. Rauova L, Zhai L, Kowalska MA, Arepally GM, Cines DB, Poncz M. Role of platelet surface PF4 antigenic complexes in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia pathogenesis: Diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Blood 2006; 107: 2346-53.
34. Farner B, Eichler P, Kroll H, Greinacher A. A comparison of danaparoid and lepirudin in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Thromb Haemost 2001; 85: 950-7.
35. Arepally GM, Poncz M, Cines DB. Immune vascular injury in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. In: Warkentin TE, Greinacher A, eds. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, 4th edn. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare, 2007: 379-408.
36. Pouplard C, Iochmann S, Renard B, Herault O, Colombat P, Amiral J, Gruel Y. Induction of monocyte tissue factor expression by antibodies to heparin-platelet factor 4 complexes developed in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood 2001; 97: 3300-2.
37. Lasagni L, Francalanci M, Annunziato F, Lazzeri E, Giannini S, Cosmi L, Sagrinati C, Mazzinghi B, Orlando C, Maggi E, Marra F, Romagnani S, Serio M, Romagnani P. An alternatively spliced variant of CXCR3 mediates the inhibition of endothelial cell growth induced by IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC, and acts as functional receptor for platelet factor 4. J Exp Med 2003; 197: 1537-49.