Determinants of PF4/heparin immunogenicity

Blood

Volumn 110, Issue 13, 2007, Pages 4253-4260

  Suvarna, Shayela ^a   Espinasse, Benjamin ^b   Qi, Rui ^a   Lubica, Rauova ^c   Poncz, Mortimer ^c,d   Cines, Douglas B ^d   Wiesner, Mark R ^b   Arepally, Gowthami M ^a,b  

^a Division of Hematology

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOANTIBODY; HEPARIN; THROMBOCYTE FACTOR 4;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANTIBODY RESPONSE; ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; ARTICLE; COMPLEX FORMATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EPITOPE MAPPING; FEMALE; HEPARIN INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA; IMMUNOGENICITY; LIGHT ABSORPTION; MACROMOLECULE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ZETA POTENTIAL; ANIMAL; ANTIBODY PRODUCTION; CHEMISTRY; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOLOGY; THROMBOCYTE ACTIVATION;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODY FORMATION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; HEPARIN; MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES; MICE; PLATELET ACTIVATION; PLATELET FACTOR 4;

EID: 39649122158     PISSN: 00064971     EISSN: 00064971     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-08-105098     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Arepally GM, Ortel TL. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:809-817.
2. Warkentin TE, Cook RJ, Marder VJ, et al. Antiplatelet factor 4/heparin antibodies in orthopedic surgery patients receiving antithrombotic prophylaxis with fondaparinux or enoxaparin. Blood. 2005;106:3791-3796.
3. Pouplard C, Couvret C, Regina S, Gruel Y. Development of antibodies specific to polyanion-modified platelet factor 4 during treatment with fondaparinux. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3:2813-2815.
4. Visentin GP, Malik M, Cyganiak KA, Aster RH. Patients treated with unfractionated heparin during open heart surgery are at high risk to form antibodies reactive with heparin:platelet factor 4 complexes. J Lab Clin Med. 1996;128:376-383.
5. Bauer TL, Arepally G, Konkle BA, et al. Prevalence of heparin-associated antibodies without thrombosis in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Circulation. 1997;95:1242-1246.
6. Trossaert M, Gaillard A, Commin PL, Amiral J, Vissac AM, Fressinaud E. High incidence of antiheparin/platelet factor 4 antibodies after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Br J Haematol. 1998;101:653-655.
7. Pouplard C, May MA, Iochmann S, et al. Antibodies to platelet factor 4-heparin after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients anticoagulated with unfractionated heparin or a low-molecular-weight heparin: clinical implications for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Circulation. 1999;99:2530-2536.
8. Warkentin TE, Sheppard JA, Horsewood P, Simpson PJ, Moore JC, Kelton JG. Impact of the patient population on the risk for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2000;96:1703-1708.
9. Francis JL, Palmer GJ III, Moroose R, Drexler A. Comparison of bovine and porcine heparin in heparin antibody formation after cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:17-22.
10. Severin T, Sutor AH. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in pediatrics. Sem Thromb Hemost. 2001;27:293-299.
11. Fausett MB, Vogtlander M, Lee RM, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is rare in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;185:148-152.
12. O'Shea SI, Sands JJ, Nudo SA, Ortel TL. Frequency of anti-heparin- platelet factor 4 antibodies in hemodialysis patients and correlation with recurrent vascular access thrombosis. Am J Hematol. 2002;69:72-73.
13. Cella G, Vittadello O, Gallucci V, Girolami A. The release of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 during extracorporeal circulation for open heart surgery. Eur J Clin Invest. 1981;11:165-169.
14. Files JC, Malpass TW, Yee EK, Ritchie JL, Harker LA. Studies of human platelet α-granule release in vivo. Blood. 1981;58:607-618.
15. Culliford AT, Gitel SN, Starr N, et al. Lack of correlation between activated clotting time and plasma heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Surg. 1981;193:105-111.
16. Rauova L, Poncz M, McKenzie SE, et al. Ultralarge complexes of PF4 and heparin are central to the pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2005;105:131-138.
17. Greinacher A, Gopinadhan M, Gunther J-U, et al. Close approximation of two platelet factor 4 tetramers by charge neutralization forms the antigens recognized by HIT antibodies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:2386-2393.
18. Mitchison NA. The carrier effect in the secondary response to hapten-protein conjugates, II: cellular cooperation. Eur J Immunol. 1971;1:18-27.
19. Eichmann K, Falk I, Rajewsky K. Recognition of idiotypes in lymphocyte interactions, II: antigen-independent cooperation between T and B lymphocytes that possess similar and complementary idiotypes. Eur J Immunol. 1978;8:853-857.
20. Suvarna S, Rauova L, McCracken EKE, et al. PF4/heparin complexes are T cell-dependent antigens. Blood. 2005;106:929-931.
21. Narkis N, Rebhun M. Stoichiometric relationship between humic and fulvic acids and flocculants. J Am Water Works Assoc. 1977;69:325-328.
22. Li ZQ, Liu W, Park KS, et al. Defining a second epitope for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis (HIT/T) antibodies using KKO, a murine HIT-like monoclonal antibody. Blood. 2002;99:1230-1236.
23. Hirsh J, Raschke R. Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin: The Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004;126:188S-203S.
24. Wilson WW. Light scattering as a diagnostic for protein crystal growth: a practical approach. J Struct Biol. 2003;142:56-65.
25. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Entrez Protein. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=protein&val=4519578. Accessed September 3, 2007.
26. Bock PE, Luscombe M, Marshall SE, Pepper DS, Holbrook JJ. The multiple complexes formed by the interaction of platelet factor 4 with heparin. Biochem J. 1980;191:769-776.
27. Greinacher A, Potzsch B, Amiral J, Dummel V, Eichner A, Mueller-Eckhardt C. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia: isolation of the antibody and characterization of a multimolecular PF4-heparin complex as the major antigen. Thromb Haemost. 1994;71:247-251.
28. Rauova L, Zhai L, Kowalska MA, Arepally GM, Cines DB, Poncz M. Role of platelet surface PF4 antigenic complexes in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia pathogenesis: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Blood. 2006;107:2346-2353.
29. Eslin DE, Zhang C, Samuels KJ, et al. Transgenic mice studies demonstrate a role for platelet factor 4 in thrombosis: dissociation between anticoagulant and antithrombotic effect of heparin. Blood. 2004;104:3173-3180.
30. Tatsumi N, Tsuda I, Masaoka M, Imai K. Measurement of the zeta potential of human platelets by the use of laser-light scattering. Thromb Res. 1992;65:585-592.
31. Reilly MP, Taylor SM, Hartman NK, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis in a transgenic mouse model requires human platelet factor 4 and platelet activation through FcgammaRIIA. Blood. 2001;98:2442-2447.
32. Lambert MP, Rauova L, Bailey M, Sola-Visner MC, Kowalska MA, Poncz M. Platelet factor 4 is a negative autocrine in vivo regulator of megakaryopoiesis: clinical and therapeutic implications. Blood. 2007;110:1153-1160.