Activation of the proopiomelanocortin gene with ketoconazole as a treatment for Parkinson's disease: A new hypothesis

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 1144, Issue , 2008, Pages 237-242

  Bucay, Alberto Halabe ^a  

^a Hospital Angeles Lomas Pediatrics   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Ketoconazole; Parkinson's disease; Proopiomelanocortin

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; CORTICOTROPIN; ENDORPHIN; INTERMEDIN; KETOCONAZOLE; NALOXONE; NEUROMELANIN; PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN;

CONFERENCE PAPER; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; GENE; GENE ACTIVATION; HUMAN; NEUROPROTECTION; PARKINSON DISEASE; POMC GENE; SUBSTANTIA NIGRA;

EID: 56649113004     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1418.013     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (32)

1. Yamashita, H. & M. Matsumoto. 2007. Molecular pathogenesis, experimental models and new therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease. Regen. Med. 2 : 447 455.
2. Esposito, E., V. Di Matteo & G. Di Giovanni. 2007. Death in the substantia nigra: a motor tragedy. Expert Rev. Neurother. 7 : 677 697.
3. Schapira, A.H. 2006. Etiology of Parkinson's disease. Neurology 66 (Suppl. 4 S10 S23.
4. Breathnach, A.S. 1988. Extra-cutaneous melanin. Pigment Cell Res. 1 : 234 237.
5. Fedorow, H., F. Tribl, G. Halliday, et al. 2005. Neuromelanin in human dopamine neurons: comparison with peripheral melanins and relevance to Parkinson's disease. Prog. Neurobiol. 75 : 109 124.
6. Surmeier, D.J. 2007. Calcium, ageing, and neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol. 6 : 933 938.
7. Bush, W.D., J. Garguilo, F.A. Zucca, et al. 2006. The surface oxidation of human neuromelanin reveals a spherical architecture with a pheomelanin core and eumelanin surface. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 : 14785 14789.
8. Zecca, L., F.A. Zucca, H. Wilms & D. Sulzer. 2003. Neuromelanin of the substantia nigra: a neuronal black hole with protective and toxic characteristics. Trends Neurosci. 26 : 578 580.
9. Double, K.L. 2006. Functional effects of neuromelanin and synthetic melanin in model systems. J. Neural Transm. 113 : 751 756.
10. Zecca, L., F.A. Zucca, A. Albertini, et al. 2006. A proponed dual role of neuromelanin in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Neurology 67 (Suppl. 2 S8 S11.
11. Dedov, V.N., F.M. Griffiths, B. Garner, et al. 2007. Lipid content determines aggregation of neuromelanin granules in vitro. J. Neural. Transm. Suppl. (72 35 38.
12. Fedorow, H., R. Pickford, J.M. Hook, et al. 2005. Dolichol is the major lipid component of human substantia nigra neuromelanin. J. Neurochem. 92 : 990 995.
13. De Marco, F., C. Foppoli, R. Coccia, et al. 2004. Ectopic deposition of melanin pigments as detoxifyng mechanism: a paradigm for basal nuclei pigmentation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 314 : 631 637.
14. Raneiro, I., J.A. Kaye, C. May, et al. 1988. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormonelike immunoreactivity is increased in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease. Arch. Neurol. 45 : 1224 1227.
15. Shuster, S., A.J. Thody, S.K. Goolamali, et al. 1973. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone and parkinsonism. Lancet 1 : 463 464.
16. Chase, T.N., A.C. Woods, M.A. Lipton & C.E. Morris. 1974. Hypothalamic releasing factors and Parkinson disease. Arch. Neurol. 31 : 55 56.
17. Marcotte, E.R., A. Chugh, R.K. Mishra & R.L. Johnson. 1998. Protection against MPTP treatment by an analog of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (PLG, MIF-1). Peptides 19 : 403 406.
18. Liu, B., J.W. Jiang, B.C. Wilson, et al. 2000. Systemic infusion of naloxone reduces degeneration of rat substantia nigral dopaminergic neurons induced by intranigral ingection of lipopolysaccharide. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 295 : 125 132.
19. Lu, X., G. Bing & T. Hagg. 2000. Naloxone prevents microglia-induced degeneration of dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons in adult rats. Neuroscience 97 : 285 291.
20. Volpi, R., P. Caffarra, A. Scaglioni, et al. 1994. Restoration of ACTH/cortisol and LH responses to naloxone by chronic dopaminergic treatment in Parkinson's disease. J. Neural. Transm. Parkinson's Dis. Dementia Sect. 7 : 1 11.
21. Beauregard, C., G. Dickstein & A. Lacroix. 2002. Classic and recent etiologies of Cushing's syndrome: diagnosis and therapy. Treat. Endocrinol. 1 : 79 94.
22. Smagin, G.N. & N.E. Goeders. 2004. Effects of acute and chronic ketoconazole administration on hypothalamo - pituitary - adrenal axis activity and brain corticotropin-releasing hormone. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29 : 1223 1228.
23. Bellomo, G., L. Santambrogio, M. Fiacconi, et al. 1991. Plasma profiles of adenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin in patients with untreated Parkinson's disease. J. Neurol. 238 : 19 22.
24. Gispen, W.H., J. Verhaagen & D. Bär. 1994. ACTH/MSH-derived peptides and peripheral nerve plasticity: neuropathies, neuroprotection and repair. Prog. Brain Res. 100 : 223 239.
25. Strand, F.L., K.J. Rose, J.A. King, et al. 1989. ACTH modulation of nerve development and regeneration. Prog. Neurobiol. 33 : 45 85.
26. Forslin Aronsson, S., S. Spulber, L.M. Popescu, et al. 2006. Alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone is neuroprotective in rat global ischemia. Neuropeptides 40 : 65 75.
27. Forslin Aronsson, S., S. Spulber, M. Oprica, et al. 2007. Alpha-MSH rescues neurons from excitotoxic cell death. J. Mol. Neurosci. 33 : 239 251.
28. Antonawich, F.J., E.C. Azmitia, H.K. Kramer & F.L. Strand. 1994. Specificity versus redundancy of melanocortins in nerve regeneration. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 739 : 60 73.
29. Strand, F.L., L.A. Zuccarelli, K.A. Williams, et al. 1993. Melanotropins as growth factors. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 680 : 29 50.
30. Nappi, G., F. Petraglia, E. Martignoni, et al. 1985. Beta-Endorphin cerebrospinal fluid decrease in untreated parkinsonian patients. Neurology 35 : 1371 1374.
31. Zager, E.L. & P.M. Black. 1985. Neuropeptides in human memory and learning processes. Neurosurgery 17 : 355 369.
32. Hauser, R.A. & T.A. Zesiewicz. 2007. Advances in the pharmacologic management of early Parkinson disease. Neurologist 13 : 126 132.