Commonalities and differences in characteristics of persons at risk for narcissism and mania

Journal of Research in Personality

Volumn 42, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1427-1438

  Fulford, Daniel ^a   Johnson, Sheri L ^a   Carver, Charles S ^a  

^a Department of Biology   (United States)

Author keywords

Affect regulation; Goal regulation; Hypomania; Impulsivity; Narcissism

Indexed keywords

EID: 56349107803     PISSN: 00926566     EISSN: 10957251     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.06.002     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Akiskal H.S. Delineating irritable and hyperthymic variants of the cyclothymic temperament: Reassessing personality disorder constructs. Journal of Personality Disorders 6 (1992) 326-342
2. Akiskal H.S. Searching for behavioral indicators of bipolar II in patients presenting with major depressive episodes: The red sign, the rule of three and other biographic signs of temperamental extravagance, activation and hypomania. Journal of Affective Disorders 84 (2005) 279-290
3. Alloy L.B., Abramson L.Y., Walshaw P.D., Cogswell A., Smith J.M., Neeren A.M., et al. Behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and bipolar spectrum disorders: A retrospective and concurrent behavioral high-risk design. Motivation and Emotion 30 (2006) 143-155
4. Benazzi F., and Akiskal H.S. Irritable-hostile depression: Further validation as a bipolar depressive mixed state. Journal of Affective Disorders 84 (2005) 197-207
5. Bieling P.J., MacQueen G.M., Marriot M.J., Robb J.C., Begin H., Joffe R.T., et al. Longitudinal outcome in patients with bipolar disorder assessed by life-charting is influenced by DSM-IV personality disorder symptoms. Bipolar Disorders 5 (2003) 14-21
6. Block J. The Q-sort method in personality assessment and psychiatric research (1961), Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA
7. Bradlee P.M., and Emmons R.A. Locating narcissism within the interpersonal circumplex and the five-factor model. Personality and Individual Differences 13 (1992) 821-830
8. Brieger P., Ehrt U., and Marneros A. Frequency of comorbid personality disorders in bipolar and unipolar affective disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry 44 (2003) 28-34
9. Bryant F.B., and Smith B.D. Refining the architecture of aggression: A measurement model for the Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality 35 (2001) 138-167
10. Bushman B.J., and Baumeister R.F. Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75 (1998) 219-229
11. Buss A.H., and Perry M. The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63 (1992) 452-459
12. Carver C.S., and White T.L. Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67 (1994) 319-333
13. Casillas A., and Clark L.A. Dependency, impulsivity and self-harm: Traits hypothesized to underlie the association between cluster B personality and substance use disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders 16 (2002) 424-436
14. Cassidy F., Forest K., Murry E., and Carroll B.J. A factor analysis of the signs and symptoms of mania. Archives of General Psychiatry 55 (1998) 27-32
15. Chapman L.J., Chapman J.P., Numbers J.S., Edell W.S., Carpenter B.N., and Beckfield D. Impulsive nonconformity as a trait contributing to the prediction of psychotic-like and schizotypal symptoms. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 172 (1984) 681-691
16. Christodouloua T., Lewis M., Ploubidis G.B., and Frangou S. The relationship of impulsivity to response inhibition and decision-making in remitted patients with bipolar disorder. European Psychiatry 21 (2006) 270-273
17. Cohen J., and Cohen P. Applied multiple/regression correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. (1983), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
18. Colom F., Vieta E., Martinez-Aran A., Reinares M., Benabarre A., and Gasto C. Clinical factors associated with treatment noncompliance in euthymic bipolar patients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 61 (2000) 549-555
19. Colom F., Vieta E., Sánchez-Moreno J., Martínez-Arán A., Torrent C., Reinares M., et al. Psychoeducation in bipolar patients with comorbid personality disorders. Bipolar Disorders 6 (2004) 294-298
20. Colvin C.R., Block J., and Funder D.C. Overly positive self-evaluations and personality: Negative implications for mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68 (1995) 1152-1162
21. Costa P.T., and McCrae R.R. Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual (1992), Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL
22. Depue R.A., and Iacono W.G. Neurobehavioral aspects of affective disorders. Annual Review of Psychology 40 (1989) 457-492
23. Dunayevich E., Sax K.W., Keck Jr. P.E., McElroy S.L., Sorter M.T., McConville B.J., et al. Twelve-month outcome in bipolar patients with and without personality disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 61 (2000) 134-139
24. Eckblad M., and Chapman L.J. Development and validation of a scale for hypomanic personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 95 (1986) 214-222
25. Eisner L., Johnson S.L., and Carver C.S. Cognitive responses to failure and success relate uniquely to bipolar depression versus mania. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 117 (2008) 154-163
26. Emmons R.A. Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52 1 (1987) 11-17
27. Feldman, G., Joormann, J., & Johnson, S. L. (in press). Responses to positive affect: Development of a self-report scale. Cognitive Therapy and Research.
28. Garno J.L., Goldberg J.F., Ramirez P.M., and Ritzler B.A. Bipolar disorder with comorbid cluster B personality disorder features: Impact on suicidality. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 66 (2005) 339-345
29. George E.L., Miklowitz D.J., Richards J.A., Simoneau T.L., and Taylor D.O. The comorbidity of bipolar disorders and axis II personality disorders: Prevalence and clinical correlates. Bipolar Disorders 5 (2003) 115-122
30. Goldberg B.R., Serper M.R., Sheets M., Beech D., Dill C., and Duffy K.G. Predictors of aggression on the psychiatric inpatient service: Self-esteem, narcissism, and theory of mind deficits. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 195 (2007) 436-442
31. Gough H.G. Manual for the California psychological inventory (1957), Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA
32. Gough H.G., and Heilbrun A.B. The adjective check list manual (1983), Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA
33. Gruber, J., & Johnson, S. L. (in press). Positive emotional traits and ambitious goals among people at risk for bipolar disorder: The need for specificity. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy.
34. Gruber J., Johnson S.L., Oveis C., and Keltner D. Mania vulnerability and heightened positive emotional responding across contexts. Emotion 8 (2008) 23-33
35. Hantouche E., and Akiskal H.S. Bipolar II vs. unipolar depression: Psychopathologic differentiation by dimensional measures. Journal of Affective Disorders 84 (2005) 127-132
36. Harmon-Jones E., Abramson L.Y., Sigelman J., Bohlig A., Hogan M.E., and Harmon-Jones C. Proneness to hypomania/mania symptoms or depression symptoms and asymmetrical frontal cortical responses to an anger-evoking event. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 (2002) 610-618
37. Harmon-Jones E., Abramson L.Y., Nusslock R., Sigelman J.D., Urosevic S., Turonie L., et al. Effect of bipolar disorder on left frontal cortical responses to goals differing in valence and task difficulty. Biological Psychiatry 63 (2008) 693-698
38. Heubeck B.G., Wilkinson R.B., and Cologon J. A second look at Carver and White's (1994) BIS/BAS scales. Personality and Individual Differences 25 (1998) 785-800
39. Johnson S.L., and Carver C.S. Extreme goal setting and vulnerability to mania among undiagnosed young adults. Cognitive Therapy and Research 30 (2006) 377-395
40. Johnson, S. L., McKenzie, G., & McMurrich, S. (in press). Ruminative responses to negative and positive affect among students diagnosed with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research.
41. Johnson, S. L., Eisner, L. R., & Carver, C. S. (submitted for publication). Elevated aspirations among persons with bipolar disorders.
42. Johnson S.L., Ruggero C.J., and Carver C.S. Cognitive, behavioral, and affective responses to reward: Links with hypomanic symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 24 (2005) 894-906
43. Jones S., Mansell W., and Waller L. Appraisal of hypomania-relevant experiences: Development of a questionnaire to assess positive self-dispositional appraisals in bipolar and behavioural high risk samples. Journal of Affective Disorders 93 (2006) 19-28
44. Jorm A.F., Christensen H., Henderson A.S., Jacom P.A., Korten A.E., and Rodgers B. Using the BIS/BAS scales to measure behavioural inhibition and behavioural activation: Factor structure, validity and norms in a large community sample. Personality and Individual Differences 26 (1999) 49-58
45. Kwapil T.R., Miller M.B., Zinser M.C., Chapman L.J., Chapman J., and Eckblad M. A longitudinal study of high scorers on the hypomanic personality scale. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 109 (2000) 222-226
46. Lam D., Wright K., and Sham P. Sense of hyper-positive self and response to cognitive therapy in bipolar disorder. Psychological Medicine 35 (2005) 69-77
47. Larsen R.J., and Diener E. Affect intensity as an individual difference characteristic: A review. Journal of Research in Personality 21 (1987) 1-39
48. Lovejoy M.C., and Steuerwald B.L. Subsyndromal unipolar and bipolar disorders: Comparisons on positive and negative affect. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 104 (1995) 381-384
49. Mansell W., and Lam D. "I won't do what you tell me!": Elevated mood and the assessment of advice-taking in euthymic bipolar I disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 44 (2006) 1787-1801
50. Mantere O., Melartin T.K., Suominen K., Rytsälä H.J., Valtonen H.M., Arvilommi P., et al. Differences in axis I and II comorbidity between bipolar I and II disorders and major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 67 (2006) 584-593
51. Meyer T.D., and Hofmann B.U. Assessing the dysregulation of the behavioral activation system: The hypomanic personality scale and the BIS-BAS scales. Journal of Personality Assessment 85 (2005) 318-324
52. Meyer B., Johnson S.L., and Carver C.S. Exploring behavioral activation and inhibition sensitivities among college students at risk for mood disorders. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 21 (1999) 275-292
53. Meyer B., Johnson S.L., and Winters R. Responsiveness to threat and incentive in bipolar disorder: Relations of the BIS/BAS scales with symptoms. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 23 (2001) 133-143
54. Moeller F.G., Barratt E.S., Dougherty D.M., Schmitz J.M., and Swann A.C. Psychiatric aspects of impulsivity. The American Journal of Psychiatry 158 (2001) 1783-1793
55. Morf C.C., and Rhodewalt F. Narcissism and self-evaluation maintenance: Explorations in object relations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 19 (1993) 668-676
56. Morf C.C., and Rhodewalt F. Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry 12 (2001) 177-196
57. Nusslock R., Abramson L.Y., Harmon-Jones E., Alloy L.B., and Hogan M.E. A goal-striving life event and the onset of hypomanic and depressive episodes and symptoms: Perspective from the behavioral approach system (BAS) dysregulation theory. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 116 (2007) 105-115
58. Patton J.H., Stanford M.S., and Barratt E.S. Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology 51 (1995) 768-774
59. Paulhus D.L. Interpersonal and intrapsychic adaptiveness of trait self-enhancement: A mixed blessing?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 (1998) 1197-1208
60. Peluso M.A.M., Hatch J.P., Glahn D.C., Monkul E.S., Sanches M., Najt P., et al. Trait impulsivity in patients with mood disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders 100 (2007) 227-231
61. Perris H. Life events and depression. Part 2. Results in diagnostic subgroups and in relation to the recurrence of depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 7 (1984) 25-36
62. Petrocelli J.V. Factor validation of the consideration of future consequences scale: Evidence for a short version. The Journal of Social Psychology 143 (2003) 405-413
63. Raskin R. Narcissism and creativity: Are they related?. Psychological Reports 46 (1980) 55-60
64. Raskin R., and Hall C.S. A narcissistic personality inventory. Psychological Reports 45 (1979) 590
65. Raskin R., and Hall C.S. The narcissistic personality inventory: Alternative form reliability and further evidence of construct validity. Journal of Personality Assessment 45 (1981) 159-162
66. Raskin R., Novacek J., and Hogan R. Narcissism, self-esteem, and defensive self-enhancement. Journal of Personality 59 (1991) 19-38
67. Raskin R., and Terry H. A principal-components analysis of the narcissistic personality inventory and further evidence of its construct validation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 (1988) 890-902
68. Rhodewalt F., and Morf C.C. Self and interpersonal correlates of the narcissistic personality inventory: A review and new findings. Journal of Research in Personality 29 (1995) 1-23
69. Rhodewalt F., Tragakis M.W., and Finnerty J. Narcissism and self-handicapping: Linking self-aggrandizement to behavior. Journal of Research in Personality 40 5 (2006) 573-597
70. Robins R.W., and John O.P. Effects of visual perspective and narcissism on self-perception: Is seeing believing?. Psychological Science 8 (1997) 37-42
71. Salavert J., Caseras X., Torrubia R., Furest S., Arranz B., Dueñas R., et al. The functioning of the behavioral activation and inhibition systems in bipolar I euthymic patients and its influence in subsequent episodes over an eighteen-month period. Personality and Individual Differences 42 (2007) 1323-1331
72. Schimmack U., and Diener E. Affect intensity: Separating intensity and frequency in repeatedly measured affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73 (1997) 1313-1329
73. Stormberg D., Ronningstam E., Gunderson J., and Tohen M. Pathological narcissism in bipolar disorder patients. Journal of Personality Disorders 12 2 (1998) 179-185
74. Strathman A., Gleicher F., Boninger D.S., and Edwards S. The consideration of future consequences: Weighing immediate and distant outcomes of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66 (1994) 742-752
75. Sutton S.K., and Johnson S.L. Hypomanic tendencies predict lower startle magnitudes during pleasant pictures. Psychophysiology 39 Suppl. 80 (2002)
76. Swann A.C., Anderson J.C., Dougherty D.M., and Moeller F.G. Measurement of inter-episode impulsivity in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research 101 (2001) 195-197
77. Swann A.C., Pazzaglia P., Nicholls A., Dougherty D.M., and Moeller F.G. Impulsivity and phase of illness in bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders 73 (2003) 105-111
78. Tangney J.P., Baumeister R.F., and Boone A.L. High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality 72 (2004) 271-322
79. Torgersen S., Kringlen E., and Cramer V. The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Archives of General Psychiatry 58 6 (2001) 590-596
80. Trevisani, D., Johnson, S. L., & Carver, C. S. (in press). Positive mood induction and facial affect recognition among students at risk for mania. Cognitive Therapy and Research.
81. Vazire S., and Funder D.C. Impulsivity and the self-defeating behavior of narcissists. Personality and Social Psychology Review 10 (2006) 154-165
82. Vieta E., Colom F., Martínez-Arán A., Benabarre A., Reinares M., and Gastó C. Bipolar II disorder and comorbidity. Comprehensive Psychiatry 41 (2000) 339-343
83. Watson P.J., Grisham S.D., Trotter M.V., and Biderman M.D. Narcissism and empathy: Validity evidence for the narcissistic personality inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment 48 (1984) 301-305
84. Watson P.J., Taylor D., and Morris R.J. Narcissism, sex roles, and self-functioning. Sex Roles 16 (1987) 335-350