Nuclear Medicine and Diabetic Foot Infections

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine

Volumn 39, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 52-65

  Palestro, Christopher J ^a,b   Love, Charito ^a  

^a ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIPROFLOXACIN; CIPROFLOXACIN TECHNETIUM TC 99M; FANOLESOMAB TC 99M; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; GALLIUM; GRANULOCYTE ANTIBODY; GRANULOCYTE ANTIBODY TECHNETIUM TC 99M; HEXAMETHYLPROPYLENE AMINE OXIME TECHNETIUM TC 99M; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G INDIUM IN 111; LEUKOCYTE IN 111; LEUKOCYTE TC 99M; NANOCOLLOID TECHNETIUM TC 99M; SULESOMAB TC 99M; TECHNETIUM 99M; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BONE SCINTISCANNING; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIABETIC FOOT; DRUG ACCUMULATION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG STABILITY; HUMAN; INFECTION; ISOTOPE LABELING; LEUKOCYTE; OSTEOMYELITIS; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY;

ANIMALS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BONE AND BONES; DIABETIC FOOT; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F18; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; LEUKOCYTES; NUCLEAR MEDICINE; OSTEOMYELITIS; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 56349096273     PISSN: 00012998     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2008.08.006     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. Anderson C.A., and Roukis T.S. The diabetic foot. Surg Clin N Am 87 (2007) 1149-1177
2. Grayson M.L., Gibbons G.W., Balogh K., et al. Probing to bone in infected pedal ulcers: A clinical sign of underlying osteomyelitis in osteomyelitis. J Am Med Assoc 273 (1995) 721-723
3. Lavery L.A., Armstrong D.G., Peters E.J.G., et al. Probe-to-bone test for diagnosing diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Reliable or relic?. Diabetes Care 30 (2007) 270-274
4. Palestro C.J., Love C., and Miller T.T. Imaging of musculoskeletal infections. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 20 (2006) 1197-1218
5. Palestro C.J., and Love C. Radionuclide imaging of musculoskeletal infection: Conventional agents. Semin Musculoskeletal Radiol 11 (2007) 335-352
6. Keenan A.M., Tindel N.L., and Alavi A. Diagnosis of pedal osteomyelitis in diabetic patients using current scintigraphic techniques. Arch Intern Med 149 (1989) 2262-2266
7. Larcos G., Brown M.L., and Sutton R. Diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the foot in diabetic patients: Value of 111In-leukocyte scintigraphy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 157 (1991) 527-531
8. Maurer A.H., Millmond S.H., Knight L.C., et al. Infection in diabetic osteoarthropathy: Use of indium-labeled leukocytes for diagnosis. Radiology 151 (1986) 221-225
9. Johnson J.E., Kennedy E.J., Shereff M.J., et al. Prospective study of bone, indium-111-labeled white blood cell, and gallium-67 scanning for the evaluation of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot. Foot Ankle Int 17 (1996) 10-16
10. Devillers A., Moissan A., Hennion F., et al. Contribution of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime labeled leucocyte scintigraphy to the diagnosis of diabetic foot infection. Eur J Nucl Med 25 (1998) 132-138
11. Harvey J., and Cohen M.M. Technetium-99-labeled leukocytes in diagnosing diabetic osteomyelitis in the foot. J Foot Ankle Surg 36 (1997) 209-214
12. Blume P.A., Dey H.M., Dailey L.J., et al. Diagnosis of pedal osteomyelitis with Tc-99m HMPAO labeled leukocytes. J Foot Ankle Surg 36 (1997) 120-126
13. Palestro C.J., Caprioli R., Love C., et al. Rapid diagnosis of pedal osteomyelitis in diabetics with a technetium-99m labeled monoclonal antigranulocyte antibody. J Foot Ankle Surg 42 (2003) 2-8
14. Seldin D.W., Heiken J., Feldman F., et al. Effect of soft tissue pathology on detection of pedal osteomyelitis in diabetics. J Nucl Med 26 (1985) 988-993
15. Newman L.G., Waller J., Palestro C.J., et al. Unsuspected osteomyelitis in diabetic foot ulcers. Diagnosis and monitoring by leukocyte scanning with indium In111 oxyquinoline. J Am Med Assoc 266 (1991) 1246-1251
16. Alazraki N., Dries D., Datz F., et al. Value of a 24-hour image (four-phase bone scan) in assessing osteomyelitis in patients with peripheral vascular disease. J Nucl Med 26 (1985) 711-717
17. Israel O., Gips S., Jerushalmi J., et al. Osteomyelitis and soft-tissue infection: Differential diagnosis with 24 hour/4 hour ratio of Tc-99m MDP uptake. Radiology 163 (1987) 725-726
18. Schauwecker D.S., Park H.M., Burt R.W., et al. Combined bone scintigraphy and indium-111 leukocyte scans in neuropathic foot disease. J Nucl Med 29 (1988) 1651-1655
19. 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy. Diabetes Metab 28 (2002) 485-490
20. Palestro C.J., and Tomas M.B. Scintigraphic evaluation of the diabetic foot. In: Freeman L.M. (Ed). Nuclear Medicine Annual 2000 (2000), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia pp 143-172
21. Palestro C.J., Mehta H.H., Patel M., et al. Marrow versus infection in the Charcot joint: Indium-111 leukocyte and technetium-99m sulfur colloid scintigraphy. J Nucl Med 39 (1998) 346-350
22. Seabold J.E., Flickinger F.W., Kao S.C., et al. Indium-111-leukocyte/technetium-99m-MDP bone and magnetic resonance imaging: Difficulty of diagnosing osteomyelitis in patients with neuropathic osteoarthropathy. J Nucl Med 31 (1990) 549-556
23. Gandsman E.J., Deutsch S.D., Kahn C.B., et al. Differentiation of Charcot joint from osteomyelitis through dynamic bone imaging. Nucl Med Commun 11 (1990) 45-53
24. Love C., and Palestro C.J. Radionuclide imaging of infection. J Nucl Med Tech 32 (2004) 47-57
25. m-labelled anti-granulocyte antibodies. Nucl Med Commun 14 (1993) 212-218
26. Love C., and Palestro C.J. 99mTc-fanolesomab. IDrugs 6 (2003) 1079-1085
27. Harwood S.J., Valdivia S., Hung G.L., et al. Use of sulesomab, a radiolabeled antibody fragment, to detect osteomyelitis in diabetic patients with foot ulcers by leukoscintigraphy. Clin Infect Dis 28 (1999) 1200-1205
28. Delcourt A., Huglo D., Prangere T., et al. Comparison between Leukoscan® (Sulesomab) and gallium-67 for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot. Diabetes Metab 31 (2005) 125-133
29. Sonmezoglu K., Sonmezoglu M., Halac M., et al. Usefulness of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin (Infecton) scan in diagnosis of chronic orthopedic infections: Comparative study with 99mTc-HMPAO leukocyte scintigraphy. J Nucl Med 42 (2001) 567-574
30. de Winter F., Gemmel F., Van Laere K., et al. 99mTc-ciprofloxacin planar and tomographic imaging for the diagnosis of infection in the postoperative spine: experience in 48 patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 31 (2004) 233-239
31. Gemmel F., de Winter F., Van Laere K., et al. 99mTc ciprofloxacin imaging for the diagnosis of infection in the postoperative spine. Nucl Med Commun 25 (2004) 277-283
32. Sarda L., Saleh-Mghir A., Peker C., et al. Evaluation of (99m)Tc-ciprofloxacin scintigraphy in a rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infection. J Nucl Med 43 (2004) 239-245
33. 99mTc-ciprofloxacin uptake in patients with high suspicion of osteomyelitis. Presented at the 2006 SNM Meeting, San Diego, CA, June 3-7 (2006)
34. Oyen W.J.G., Paetrick M., Netten J., et al. Evaluation of infectious diabetic foot complications with indium-111-labeled human nonspecific immunoglobulin G. J Nucl Med 33 (1992) 1330-1336
35. Remedios D., Valabhji J., Oelbaum R., et al. 99mTc-nanocolloid scintigraphy for assessing osteomyelitis in diabetic neuropathic feet. Clin Radiol 53 (1998) 120-125
36. 111In-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy for diagnosis of infection. J Nucl Med 47 (2006) 587-594
37. Filippi L., and Schillaci O. Tc-99m HMPAO-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy for bone and joint infections. J Nucl Med 47 (2006) 1908-1913
38. Horger M., Eschmann S.M., Pfannenberg C., et al. The value of SPET/CT in chronic osteomyelitis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 30 (2003) 1665-1673
39. Horger M., Eschmann S.M., Pfannenberg C., et al. Added value of SPECT/CT in patients suspected of having bone infection: Preliminary results. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 127 (2007) 211-221
40. 18F-FDG-PET/CT. J Nucl Med 46 (2005) 444-449
41. Schwegler B., Stumpe K.D., Weishaupt D., et al. Unsuspected osteomyelitis is frequent in persistent diabetic foot ulcer and better diagnosed by MRI than by 18F-FDG PET or 99mTc-MOAB. J Intern Med 263 (2008) 99-106
42. Basu S., Chryssikos T., Houseni M., et al. Potential role of FDG-PET in the setting of diabetic neuro-osteoarthropathy: Can it differentiate uncomplicated Charcot's neuropathy from osteomyelitis and soft tissue infection?. Nucl Med Commun 28 (2007) 465-472
43. Hopfner S., Krolak C., Kessler S., et al. Preoperative imaging of Charcot neuroarthropathy in diabetic patients: Comparison of ring PET, hybrid PET, and magnetic resonance imaging. Foot Ankle Int 25 (2004) 890-895
44. Jay P.R., Michelson J.D., Mizel M.S., et al. Efficacy of three-phase bone scan in evaluating diabetic foot ulcers. Foot Ankle Int 20 (1999) 347-355
45. Love C., Tomas M., and Palestro C.J. Labeled leukocyte imaging for diagnosing diabetic pedal osteomyelitis: 99mTc-exametazime vs. 111In-oxine. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, Munich, Germany, October 11-15 (2008)