Acute, subchronic and genotoxicity studies conducted with Oligonol, an oligomerized polyphenol formulated from lychee and green tea extracts

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Volumn 46, Issue 12, 2008, Pages 3553-3562

  Fujii, Hajime ^a   Nishioka, Hiroshi ^a   Wakame, Koji ^a   Magnuson, Bernadene A ^b   Roberts, Ashley ^b  

^a Amino Up Chemical Co   (Japan)

^b Cantox Health Sciences International   (Canada)

Author keywords

90 Day; Catechin; Flavanol; Flavonoids; Low molecular proanthocyanidins; Mutagenicity; Oligonol; Oral; Toxicology

Indexed keywords

CATECHIN; GREEN TEA EXTRACT; LYCHEE EXTRACT; MONOMER; OLIGOMER; OLIGONOL; PLANT EXTRACT; POLYPHENOL DERIVATIVE; PROANTHOCYANIDIN DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACUTE TOXICITY; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BONE MARROW; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; CHRONIC TOXICITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FEMALE; GENE INDUCTION; GENE MUTATION; GENOTOXICITY; LD 50; LYCHEE; MALE; MICRONUCLEUS TEST; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OLIGOMERIZATION; POLYPLOIDY; RAT; SAFETY; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; TEA;

ANIMALS; BLOOD CELL COUNT; BLOOD CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; BODY WEIGHT; CATECHIN; CELLS, CULTURED; CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS; EATING; FEMALE; FLAVONOIDS; LITCHI; MALE; MICE; MICRONUCLEUS TESTS; MUTAGENICITY TESTS; MUTAGENS; PHENOLS; PLANT EXTRACTS; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; TEA; URINALYSIS;

CRICETULUS GRISEUS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; LITCHI CHINENSIS; MUS; RATTUS; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM;

EID: 55949106965     PISSN: 02786915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.06.005     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Aruoma O.I., Sun B., Fujii H., Neergheen V.S., Bahorun B., Kang K.-S., and Sung M.-K. Low molecular proanthocyanidin dietary biofactor Oligonol: its modulation of oxidative stress, bioefficacy, neuroprotection, food application and chemoprevention potentials. Biofactors 27 (2006) 245-265
2. Chengelis C.P., Kirkpatrick J.B., Regan K.S., Radovsky A.E., Beck M.J., Morita O., Tamaki Y., and Suzuki H. 28-Day oral (gavage) toxicity studies of green tea catechins prepared for beverages in rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46 3 (2008) 978-989
3. Chow H.H.S., Cai Y., Alberts D.S., Hakim I., Dorr R., Shahi F., Crowell J.A., Yang C.S., and Hara Y. Phase I pharmacokinetic study of tea polyphenols following single-dose administration of epigallocatechin gallate and polyphenon E. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 10 1 (2001) 53-58
4. Chow H.-H.S., Cai Y., Hakim I.A., Crowell J.A., Shahi F., Brooks C.A., Dorr R.T., Hara Y., and Alberts D.S. Pharmacokinetics and safety of green tea polyphenols after multiple-dose administration of epigallocatechin gallate and polyphenon E in healthy individuals. Clin. Cancer Res. 9 9 (2003) 3312-3319
5. Chow H.H., Hakim I.A., Vining D.R., Crowell J.A., Cordova C.A., Chew W.M., Xu M.J., Hsu C.H., Ranger-Moore J., and Alberts D.S. Effects of repeated green tea catechin administration on human cytochrome P450 activity. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 15 12 (2006) 2473-2476
6. Duzan H.M., Mabood F., Zhou X., Souleimanov A., and Smith D.L. Nod factor induces soybean resistance to powdery mildew. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 43 (2005) 1022-1030
7. Fujii H., Nakagawa T., Nishioka H., Sato E., Ueno Y., Sun B., and Nonaka G.-I. Preparation, characterization and anti-oxidative effects of oligomeric proanthocyanidin-l-cysteine complexes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55 (2006) 1525-1531
8. Fujii H., Sun B., Nishioka H., Hirose A., and Aruoma O.I. Evaluation of the safety and toxicity of the oligomerized polyphenol Oligonol. Food Chem. Toxicol. 45 (2007) 378-387
9. Goodin M.G., Bray B.J., and Rosengren R.J. Sex-and strain-dependent effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) in the mouse. Food Chem. Toxicol. 44 9 (2006) 1496-1504
10. Grace S.C., and Logan B.A. Energy dissipation and radical scavenging by the plant phcnylpropanoid pathway. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 355 (2000) 1499-1510
11. Gu L., House S.E., Wu X., Ou B., and Prior R.L. Procyanidin and catechin contents and antioxidant capacity of cocoa and chocolate products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54 (2006) 4057-4061
12. Hackman R.M., Polagruto J.A., Zhu Q.Y., Sun B., Fujii H., and Keen C.L. Flavanols: digestion, absorption and bioactivity. Phytochem. Rev. 7 1 (2008) 195-208
13. Hammerstone J.F., Lazaruc S.A., Mitchell A.E., Rucker R., and Schmitz H.H. Identification of procyanidins in cocao (Theobroma cacao) and chocolate using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47 (1999) 490-496
14. Harborne J.B. Flavonoids in the environment: structure-activity relationships. Progr. Clin. Biol. Res. 280 (1988) 17-27
15. Hirose M., Hoshiya T., Mizoguchi Y., Nakamura A., Akagi K., and Shirai T. Green tea catechins enhance tumor development in the colon without effects in the lung or thyroid after pretreatment with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine or 2,2′-dihydroxy-di-n-propylnitrosamine in male F344 rats. Cancer Lett. 168 1 (2001) 23-29
16. Isbrucker R.A., Bausch J., Edwards J.A., and Wolz E. Safety studies on epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) preparations. Part 1: Genotoxicity. Food Chem. Toxicol. 44 5 (2006) 626-635
17. Isbrucker R.A., Edwards J.A., Wolz E., Davidovich A., and Bausch J. Safety studies on epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) preparations. Part 2: Dermal, acute and short-term toxicity studies. Food Chem. Toxicol. 44 5 (2006) 636-650
18. Kastenbaum K.A., and Bowman K.O. Tables for determining the statistical significance of mutation frequencies. Mutat. Res. 9 (1970) 527-549
19. Middleton Jr. E., Kandaswami C., and Theoharides T.C. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease and cancer. Pharmacol. Rev. 52 (2000) 673-751
20. Parry J.M., Fielder R.J., and McDonald A. Threshold for aneuploidy-inducing chemicals. Mutagenesis 9 6 (1994) 503-504
21. Polagruto J.A., Gross H.B., Kamangar F., Kosuna K., Sun B., Fujii H., Keen C.L., and Hackman R.M. Platelet reactivity in male smokers following the acute consumption of a flavanol-rich grape seed extract. J. Med. Food 10 4 (2007) 725-730
22. Sakamoto Y., Mikuriya H., Tayama K., Takahashi H., Nagasawa A., Yano N., Yuzawa K., Ogata A., and Aoki N. Goitrogenic effects of green tea extract catechins by dietary administration in rats. Arch. Toxicol. 75 10 (2001) 591-596
23. Sakano T., Yokoo Y., Inoue T., and Ishii A. Toxicological studies on procyanidin B-2 for external application as a hair growing agent. Food Chem. Toxicol. 37 5 (1999) 545-552
24. Sakano K., Mizutani M., Murata M., Oikawa S., Hiraku Y., and Kawanishi S. Procyanidin B2 has anti- and pro-oxidant effects on metal-mediated DNA damage. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 39 8 (2005) 1041-1049
25. Santos-Buelga C., and Scalbert A. Proanthocyanidins and tannin-like compounds - nature, occurrence, dietary intake and elects on nutrition and health. J. Sci. Food Agric. 80 (2000) 1094-1117
26. Sarni-Manchado P., Le Roux E., Le Guerneve C., Lozano Y., and Cheynier V. Phenolic composition of litchi fruit pericarp. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48 12 (2000) 5995-6002
27. Scalbert A., Johnson I.T., and Mike Saltmarsh M. Polyphenols: antioxidants and beyond. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81 Suppl. (2005) 215S-217S
28. Schroeter H., Heiss C., Balzer J., Kleibongard P., Keen C.L., Hollenberg N.K., Sies H., Kwik-Uribe C., Schmitz H.H., and Kelm M. (-)-Epicatechin mediates beneficial effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 (2006) 1024-1029
29. Shoji T., Akazome Y., Kanda T., and Ikeda M. The toxicology and safety of apple polyphenol extract. Food Chem. Toxicol. 42 (2003) 959-967
30. Sies H., Schewe T., Heiss C., and Kelm M. Cocoa polyphenols and inflammatory mediators. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81 (2005) 304S-312S
31. Soobrattee M., Neergheen V.S., Luximon-Ramma A., Aruoma O.I., and Bahorun T. Phenolic as potential antioxidant therapeutic agents: mechanism and actions. Mutat. Res. 579 (2005) 200-213
32. Soobrattee M.A., Bahorun T., and Aruoma O.I. Chemopreventive actions of polyphenolic compounds in cancer. Biofactors 27 (2006) 19-35
33. Steinberg F.M., Bearden M.M., and Keen C.L. Cocoa and chocolate flavonoids: implications for cardiovascular health. J. Am. Diet Assoc. 103 (2003) 215-223
34. Takahashi T., Yokoo Y., Inoue T., and Ishii A. Toxicological studies on procyanidin B-2 for external application as a hair growing agent. Food Chem. Toxicol. 37 (1999) 545-552
35. Takami S., Imai T., Hasumura M., Cho Y.M., Onose J., and Hirose M. Evaluation of toxicity of green tea catechins with 90-day dietary administration to F344 rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46 6 (2008) 2224-2229
36. Tanaka T., Yoshitake N., Zhao P., Matsuo Y., Kouno I.L., and Nonaka G.-I. Production of oligometric proanthocyanidins by fragmentation of polymers. Jpn. J. Food Chem. 14 3 (2007) 134-139
37. Yilmaz Y. Novel uses of catechins in foods. Food Sci. Technol. 17 (2006) 64-71
38. Zaveri N.T. Green tea and its polyphenolic catechins: medicinal uses in cancer and noncancer applications. Life Sci. 78 (2006) 2073-2080