Effects of employment-based programs on families by prior levels of disadvantage

Social Service Review

Volumn 82, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 361-393

  Alderson, Desiree Principe ^a   Gennetian, Lisa A ^b   Dowsett, Chantelle J ^c   Imes, Amy ^c   Huston, Aletha C ^c  

^a MDRC ^*

^b BROOKINGS INSTITUTION   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 55849122652     PISSN: 00377961     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/592360     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Achenbach, Thomas M., and Craig S. Edelbrock. 1981. "Behavioral Problems and Competencies Reported by Parents of Normal and Disrupted Children Aged Four through Sixteen." Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 46 (1): 1-82.
2. Berger, Mark C., and Dan A. Black. 1992. "Child Care Subsidies, Quality of Care, and the Labor Supply of Low-Income Single Mothers." Review of Economics and Statistics 74 (4): 635-42.
3. Blank, Rebecca M. 2002. "Evaluating Welfare Reform in the U.S." Journal of Economic Literature 40 (4): 1105-66.
4. Blau, David, and Erdal Tekin. 2007. "The Determinants and Consequences of Child Care Subsidies for Single Mothers." Journal of Public Economics 20 (4): 719-41.
5. Bloom, Dan, James J. Kemple, Pamela A. Morris, Susan Scrivener, Nandita Verma, and Richard Rendra, with Diana Adams-Ciardullo, David Seith, and Johanna Walter. 2000. "The Family Transition Program: Final Report on Florida's Initial Time-Limited Welfare Program." Report. Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, New York.
6. Bloom, Dan, and Charles Michalopoulos. 2001. "How Welfare and Work Policies Affect Employment and Income: A Synthesis of Research." Report. Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, New York.
7. Bloom, Dan, Susan Scrivener, Charles Michalopoulos, Pamela A. Morris, Richard Hendra, Diana Adams-Ciardullo, and Johanna Walter, with Wanda Vargas. 2002. "Jobs First: Final Report on Connecticut's Welfare Reform Initiative." Report. Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, New York.
8. Bos, Johannes M., Aletha C. Huston, Robert C. Granger, Greg J. Duncan, Thomas W. Brock, and Vonnie C. McLoyd, with Danielle Crosby et al. 1999. "New Hope for People with Low Incomes: Two Year Results of a Program to Reduce Poverty and Reform Welfare." Report. Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, New York.
9. Bracken, Bruce A. 1984. Bracken Basic Concept Scale. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation.
10. Bradley, Robert H., Margaret R. Burchinal, and Patrick H. Casey. 2001. "Early Intervention: The Moderating Role of the Home Environment." Applied Developmental Science 5 (1): 2-8.
11. Brauner, Sarah, and Pamela J. Loprest. 1999. "Where Are They Now? What States' Studies of People Who Left Welfare Tell Us." New Federalism: Issues and Options for States, report no. A-32. Urban Institute, Washington, DC.
12. Brock, Thomas, Laura C. Nelson, and Megan Reiter. 2002. "Readying Welfare Recipients for Work: Lessons from Four Big Cities as They Implement Welfare Reform." Report, March. Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, New York.
13. Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne, Ruth T. Gross, Helena C. Kraemer, Donna Spiker, and Sain Shapiro. 1992. "Enhancing the Cognitive Outcomes of Low Birth Weight, Premature Infants: For Whom Is the Intervention Most Effective?" Pediatrics 89 (6): 1209-15.
14. Caughy, Margret O'Brien, Janet A. DiPietro, and Donna M. Strobino. 1994. "Day-Care Participation as a Protective Factor in the Cognitive Development of Low-Income Children." Child Development 65 (2): 457-71.
15. Cherlin, Andrew J., Karen Bogen, James M. Quane, and Linda Burton. 2002. "Operating within the Rules: Welfare Recipients' Experiences with Sanctions and Case Closings." Social Service Review 76 (3): 387-405.
16. Coley, Rebekah L., P. Lindsay Chase-Landsdale, and Christine P. Li-Grining. 2001. "Child Care in the Era of Welfare Reform: Quality; Choices, and Preferences." Welfare, Children, and Families: A Three-City Study, Policy Brief no. 01-4. Johns Hopkins University.
17. Collins, Ann M., Jean I. Layzer, J. Lee Kreader, Alan Werner, and Fred B. Glantz. 2000. "National Study of Child Care for Low-Income Families: State and Community Sub-study Interim Report." Abt Associates, Cambridge, MA.
18. Crosby, Danielle A., Lisa A. Gennetian, and Aletha C. Huston. 2005. "Child Care Assistance Policies Can Affect the Use of Center-Based Care for Children in Low-Income Families." Applied Developmental Science 9 (2): 86-106.
19. Currie, Janet. 2001. "Early Childhood Education Programs." Journal of Economic Perspectives 15 (2): 213-38.
20. Currie, Janet, and Duncan Thomas. 1995. "Does Head Start Make a Difference?" American Economic Review 85 (3): 341-64.
21. _. 1999. "Does Head Start Help Hispanic. Children?" Journal of Public Economics 74 (2): 235-62.
22. Danziger, Sandra K., Mary Corcoran, Sheldon H. Danziger, Colleen Heflin, Ariel Kalil, Judith Levine, Daniel Rosen, Kristin S. Seefeldt, Kristine Siefert, and Richard Tolman. 2000. "Barriers to the Employment of Welfare Recipients." 245-78 in Prosperity for All? The Economic Boom and African Americans, edited by Robert D. Cherry and William M. Rodgers III. New York: Russell Sage.
23. Danziger, Sandra K., and Kristin S. Seefeldt. 2002. "Barriers to Employment and the 'Hard to Serve': Implications for Services, Sanctions, and Time Limits." Focus (Journal of the Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison) 22 (1): 76-81.
24. DeNavas-Walt, Carmen, and Robert Cleveland. 2002. Money Income in the United States: 2001. Current Population Reports, no. P60-218. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
25. Duncan, Greg J., Aletha C. Huston, and Thomas S. Weisner. 2007. New Hope: APolicy Success for Working Poor Families and Their Children. New York: Russell Sage.
26. Dunn, Lloyd M., Leota M. Dunn, Gary J. Robertson, and Jay L. Eisenberg. 1979. Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Revised. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
27. Ellwood, David T., and Mary Jo Bane. 1985. "The Impact of AFDC on Family Structure and Living Arrangements." 137-214 in Research in Labor Economics, vol. 7. Edited by Ronald Ehrenberg. Greenwich, CT: JAI.
28. Farrell, Mary, Sarah Rich, Lesley Turner, David Seith, and Dan Bloom. 2008. "Welfare Time Limits: An Update on State Policies, Implementation, and Effects on Families." Report, April. Lewin Group and MDRC, New York.
29. Friedlander, Daniel. 1988. "Subgroup Impacts and Performance Indicators for Selected Welfare Employment Programs." Report, August. Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, New York.
30. Friedlander, Daniel, and Gary T. Burtless. 1995. Five Years After: The Long-Term Effects of Welfare-to-Work Programs. New York: Russell Sage.
31. Fuller, Bruce, Sharon L. Kagan, Gretchen L. Caspary, and Christiane A. Gauthier. 2002. "Welfare Reform and Child Care Options for Low-Income Families." Future of Children 12 (1): 97-119.
32. Fuller, Bruce, Sharon L. Kagan, Susanna Loeb, and Yueh-Wen Chang. 2004. "Child Care Quality: Center and Home Settings That Serve Poor Families." Early Childhood Research Quarterly 19 (4): 505-27.
33. Garces, Eliana, Duncan Thomas, and Janet Currie. 2002. "Longer Terni Effects of Head Start." American Economic Review 92 (4): 999-1012.
34. Gennetian, Lisa A., Danielle A. Crosby, Chantelle J. Dowsett, and Aletha C. Huston. 2005. "Center-Based Care and the Cognitive and Social Development of Low-Income Children of Working Mothers." Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Atlanta, April 19.
35. Gennetian, Lisa A., Danielle A. Crosby, Aletha C. Huston, and Edward D. Lowe. 2004. "Can Child Care Assistance in Welfare and Employment Programs Support the Employment of Low-Income Families?" Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 23 (4): 723-43.
36. Gennetian, Lisa A., and Charles Michalopoulos. 2003. "Child Care and Employment: Evidence from Random Assignment Studies of Welfare and Work Programs." Next Generation Working Paper no. 17. MDRC, New York.
37. Gennetian, Lisa A., and Cynthia Miller. 2000. "Reforming Welfare and Rewarding Work: Final Report on the Minnesota Family Investment Program." Vol. 2, "Effects on Children." Report. Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, New York.
38. Gennetian, Lisa A., Cynthia Miller, and Jared Smith. 2005. "Turning Welfare into a Work Support: Six-Year Impacts on Parents and Children from the Minnesota Family Investment Program." Report, July. MDRC, New York.
39. Gormley, William T., Jr., and Deborah Phillips. 2005. "The Effects of Universal Pre-K in Oklahoma: Research Highlights and Policy Implications." Policy Studies Journal 33 (1): 65-82.
40. Gresham, Frank M., and Stephen N. Elliott. 1990. Social Skills Rating System Manual Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
41. Gueron, Judith M., and Edward Pauly. 1991. From Welfare to Work. New York: Russell Sage.
42. Hamilton, Gayle, Stephen Freedman, Lisa A. Gennetian, Charles Michalopoulos, Johanna Walter, Diana Adams-Ciardullo, Anna Gassman-Pines, et al. 2001. How Effective Are Different Welfare-to-Work Approaches? Five-Year Adult and Child Impacts for Eleven Programs. Report, National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies, December. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Education.
43. Hill, Jennifer L., Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and Jane Waldfogel. 2003. "Sustained Effects of High Participation in an Early Intervention for Low-Birth-Weight Premature Infants." Developmental Psychology 39 (4): 730-44.
44. Holzer, Harry J., and Sheldon H. Danziger. 2001. "Are Jobs Available for Disadvantaged Workers in Urban Areas?" 496-538 in Urban Inequality: Evidence from Four Cities, edited by Alice O'Conner, Chris Tilly, and Lawrence D. Bobo. New York: Russell Sage.
45. Huston, Aletha C., Greg J. Duncan, Robert Granger, Johannes M. Bos, Vonnie C. McLoyd, Rashmita Mistry, Danielle A. Crosby, Christina Gibson, Katherine A. Magnuson, Jennifer Romich, and Ana Ventura. 2001. "Work-Based Antipoverty Programs for Parents Can Enhance the School Performance and Social Behavior of Children." Child Development 72 (1): 318-37.
46. Huston, Aletha C., Cynthia Miller; Lashawn Richburg-Hayes, Greg J. Duncan, Carolyn A. Eldred, Thomas S. Weisner, et al. 2003. New Hope for Families and Children: Five-Year Results of a Program to Reduce Poverty and Reform Welfare." Report, June. MDRC, New York.
47. Kalil, Ariel, Kristin S. Seefeldt, and Hui-chen Wang. 2002. "Sanctions and Material Hardship under TANE" Social Service Review 76 (4): 642-62.
48. Kisker, Ellen Eliason, Sandra L. Hofferth, Deborah A. Phillips, and Elizabeth Farquhar. 1991. A Profile of Child Care Settings: Early Education and Carr, in 1990. Vol. 1. Report no. ED/OUS/91-44. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Office of the Under Secretary.
49. Knox, Virginia W., Andrew S. London, and Ellen K. Scott. 2003. "Welfare Reform, Work, and Child Care: The Role of Informal Care in the Lives of Low-Income Women and Children." Policy Brief, October. MDRC, New York.
50. Kontos, Susan, Hui-chin Hsu, and Loraine Dunn. 1994. "Children's Cognitive and Social Competence in Child-Care Centers and Family Day-Care Homes." Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 15 (3): 387-411.
51. Lee, Kyunghee. 2005. "Effects of Experimental Center-Based Child Care on Developmental Outcomes of Young Children Living in Poverty." Social Service Review 79 (1): 158-80.
52. Liaw, Fong-Ruey, and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn. 1994. "Cumulative Familial Risks and Low-Birthweight Children's Cognitive and Behavioral Development." Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 23 (4): 360-72.
53. Loeb, Susanna, Bruce Fuller, Sharon L. Kagan, and Bidemi Carrol. 2004. "Child Care in Poor Communities: Early Learning Effects of Type, Quality; and Stability." Child Development 75 (1): 47-65.
54. Love, John M., Ellen Eliason Kisker, Christine M. Ross, Peter Z. Schochet, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Diane Paulsell, Kimberly Boller, et al. 2002. "Making a Difference in the Lives of Infants and Toddlers and Their Families: The Impacts of Early Head Start." Vol. 1, "Final Technical Report." Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Report. Mathencatica Policy Research, Princeton, NJ.
55. Lowe, Edward D., and Thomas S. Weisner. 2004. "'You Have to Push It-Who's Gonna Raise Your Kids?' Situating Child Care and Child Care Subsidy Use in the Daily Routines of Lower Income Families." Children and Youth Services Review 26 (2): 143-71.
56. Lowe, Edward D., Thomas S. Weisner, and Sonya Geis. 2003. "Instability in Child Care: Ethnographic Evidence from. Working Poor Families in the New Hope Intervention." The Next Generation Working Paper no. 15. MDRC, New York.
57. Magnuson, Katherine A., Christopher J. Ruhm., and Jane Waldfogel. 2007. "Does Prekindergarten Improve School Preparation and Performance?" Economics of Education Review 26 (1): 33-51.
58. Menaghan, Elizabeth G. 1995. "Family Relationships as Sources of Stress and Support: The Links between Work and Family Experiences." Paper presented at the National Institute of Mental Health Workshop on Social Stressors, Personal and Social Resources, and Their Health Consequences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, August 17-19.
59. Michalopoulos, Charles, and Christine Schwartz, with Diana Adams-Ciardullo. 2000. "What Works Best for Whom: Impacts of 20 Welfare-to-Work Programs by Subgroup." Report, National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies, January. Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, New York.
60. Michalopoulos, Charles, Douglas Tattrie, Cynthia Miller, Philip K. Robins, Pamela A. Morris, David Gyarmati, Cindy Redcross, Kelly Foley, and Reuben Ford. 2002. "Making Work Pay: Final Report on the Self-Sufficiency Project for Long-Term Welfare Recipients." Report. Social Research and Demonstration Corporation, Ottawa.
61. Moffitt, Robert, and Jennifer Roff. 2000. "The Diversity of Welfare Leavers." Welfare, Children, and Families: A Three-City Study, Working Paper no. 00-01. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.
62. Morris, Pamela A., Greg J. Duncan, and Elizabeth Clark-Kauffman. 2005. "Child Well-Being in an Era of Welfare Reform: The Sensitivity of Transitions in Development to Policy Change." Developmental Psychology 41 (6): 919-32.
63. Morris, Pamela A., Lisa A. Gennetian, and Greg J. Duncan. 2005. "Effects of Welfare and Employment Policies on Young Children: New Findings on Policy Experiments Conducted in the Early 1990s." Social Policy Report 19 (2).
64. Morris, Pamela A., and Richard Hendra. 2002. "Using Propensity Score Analysis to Identify the Effects of Welfare Policies on Those Most Likely to Reach the Time Limit." Paper presented at the Association for Public Policy and Management Fall Research Conference, Dallas, November 9.
65. Morris, Pamela A., Aletha C. Huston, Greg J. Duncan, Danielle A. Crosby, and Johannes M. Bos. 2001. "How Welfare and Work Policies Affect Children: A Synthesis of Research." Report. Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, New York.
66. Morris, Pamela A., and Charles Michalopoulos. 2000. "The Self-Sufficiency Project at 36 Months: Effects on Children of a Program That Increased Parental Employment and Income." Report. Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, New York.
67. NICHD [National Institute of Child Health and Human Development] Early Child Care Research Network. 2002. "Early Child Care and Children's Development Prior to School Entry: Results from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care." American Educational Research Journal 39 (1): 133-64.
68. _. 2004. "Type of Child Care and Children's Development at 54 Months." Early Childhood Research Quarterly 19 (2): 203-30.
69. Parrott, Sharon, Liz Schott, Eileen Sweeney, Allegra Balder; Evelyn Ganzglass, Mark Greenberg, Elizabeth Lower-Basch, et al. 2007. "Implementing the TANF Changes in the Deficit Reduction Act: 'Win-Win' Solutions for Families and States." 2nd ed. Report, February. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities and Center for Law and Social Policy, Washington, DC.
70. Pavetti, LaDonna, Michelle K. Derr, and Heather Hesketh. 2003. "Review of Sanction Policies and Research Studies: Final Literature Review." Report (Reference no. 8902-202), March 10, to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. Mathematica Policy Research, Washington, DC.
71. Peterson, James L., and Nicholas Zill. 1986. "Marital Disruption, Parent-Child Relationships, and Behavior Problems in Children." Journal of Marriage and the Family 48 (2): 295-307.
72. Quets, Gail, Philip K. Robins, Elsie C. Pan, Charles Michalopoulos, and David Card. 1999. "Does SSP Plus Increase Employment? The Effect of Adding Services to the Self-Sufficiency Project's Financial Incentives." Report, May. Social Research and Demonstration Corporation, Ottawa.
73. Radloff, Lenore Sawyer. 1977. "The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population." Applied Psychological Measurement 1 (3): 385-401.
74. Ramey, Sharon L., Craig T. Ramey, Martha M. Phillips, Robin G. Lanzi, Carl Brezausek, Charles R. Katholi, and Scott Snyder: 2000. "Head Start Children's Entry into Public School: A Report on the National Head Start/Public School Early Childhood Transition Demonstration Study." Report, November 28, to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Head Start Bureau. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan International Research Center.
75. Ryan, Carey S., Robert B. McCall, Debbie R. Robinson, Christina J. Groark, Laurie Mulvey, and Bradford W. Plemons. 2002. "Benefits of the Comprehensive Child Development Program as a Function of AFDC Receipt and SES." Child Development 73 (1): 315-28.
76. Schoeni, Robert F., and Rebecca M. Blank. 2000. "What Has Welfare Reform Accomplished? Impacts on Welfare Participation, Employment, Income, Poverty, and Family Structure." Labor and Population Program Working Paper no. 00-002. RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA.
77. U.S. Census Bureau. 2007. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2007; The National Data Book. 126th ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau.
78. U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Ways and Means. 2004. 2004 Green Book: Background Material and Data on the Programs within the Jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means. Ways and Means Committee Print no. 108-6. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
79. Vandell, Deborah Lowe, and Barbara Wolfe. 2000. Child Care Quality: Does It Matter and Does It Need to Be Improved? Report, May. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation.
80. Yoshikawa, Hirokazu, Katherine A. Magnuson, Johannes M. Bos, and JoAnn Hsueh. 2003. "Effects of Earnings-Supplement Policies on Adult Economic and Middle-Childhood Outcomes Differ for the 'Hardest to Employ."' Child Development 74 (5): 1500-1521.
81. Zaslow, Martha J., Elizabeth C. Hair, M. Robin Dion, Suijeet K. Ahluwalia, and Jennifer Sargent. 2001. "Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Low Literacy as Potential Barriers to Employment in a Sample of Families Receiving Welfare: Are There Two-Generational Implications?" Women and Health 32 (3): 211-52.