Peers and performance: How in-group and out-group comparisons moderate stereotype threat effects

Current Psychology

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 290-300

  Elizaga, Ronald A ^a   Markman, Keith D ^a  

^a OHIO UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

In group; Out group; Performance; Social comparison; Stereotype threat

Indexed keywords

EID: 55849099604     PISSN: 10461310     EISSN: 19364733     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12144-008-9041-y     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. A. Aron E. A. Aron D. Smollan 1992 Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63 596 612
2. J. Aronson C. B. Fried C. Good 2002 Reducing the effects of stereotype threat on African American college students by shaping theories of intelligence Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 38 113 125
3. H. Blanton J. Crocker D. T. Miller 2000 The effects of in-group versus out-group social comparison on self-esteem in the context of a negative stereotype Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 36 519 530
4. M. B. Brewer W. L. Gardner 1996 Who is this "we"? Levels of collective identity and self-representations Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 83 93
5. M. B. Brewer J. G. Weber 1994 Self-evaluation effects of interpersonal versus intergroup social comparisons Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66 268 275
6. R. P. Brown R. A. Josephs 1999 A burden of proof: stereotype relevance and gender differences in math performance Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76 246 257
7. J. D. Brown N. J. Novick K. A. Lord J. M. Richards 1992 When Gulliver travels: social context, psychological closeness, and self-appraisals Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62 717 727
8. J-C. Croizet T. Claire 1998 Extending the concept of stereotype threat to social class: the intellectual underperformance of students from low socioeconomic backgrounds Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 24 588 594
9. N. Dasgupta S. Asgari 2004 Seeing is believing: exposure to counterstereotypic women leaders and its effect on the malleability of automatic gender stereotyping Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 40 642 658
10. N. Dasgupta A. G. Greenwald 2001 On the malleability of automatic attitudes: combating automatic prejudice with images of admired and disliked individuals Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 800 814
11. W. L. Gardner S. Gabriel L. Hochschild 2002 When you and I are "we," you are not threatening: the role of self-expansion in social comparison Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 239 251
12. P. M. Gonzales H. Blanton K. J. Williams 2002 The effects of stereotype threat and double-minority status on the test performance of Latino women Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28 659 670
13. J. S. Hyde E. Fennema S. J. Lamon 1990 Gender differences in mathematics performance: a meta-analysis Psychological Bulletin 107 139 155
14. Jarvis, W. B. G. (2004). MediaLab [computer software]. New York: Empirisoft.
15. M. Johns T. Schmader A. Martens 2005 Knowing is half the battle: teaching stereotype threat as a means of improving women's math performance Psychological Science 16 175 179
16. J. Klayman Y. Ha 1987 Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing Psychological Review 94 211 228
17. B. Levy 1996 Improving memory in old age through implicit self-stereotyping Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 1092 1107
18. P. Lockwood Z. Kunda 1997 Superstars and me: predicting the impact of role models on the self Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73 91 103
19. C. N. Macrae G. V. Bodenhausen A. B. Milne 1995 The dissection of selection in person perception: inhibitory processes in social stereotyping Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 397 407
20. K. D. Markman M. N. McMullen 2003 A reflection and evaluation model of comparative thinking Personality and Social Psychology Review 7 244 267
21. D. M. Marx J. S. Roman 2002 Female role models: protecting female students' math test performance Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28 1185 1197
22. D. M. Marx D. A. Stapel D. Muller 2005 We can do it: the interplay of construal orientation and social comparisons under threat Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88 432 446
23. R. B. McIntyre R. M. Paulson C. G. Lord 2003 Alleviating women's mathematics stereotype threat through salience of group achievements Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 39 83 90
24. T. Mussweiler 2003 Comparison processes in social judgment: mechanisms and consequences Psychological Review 110 472 489
25. T. Mussweiler G. V. Bodenhausen 2002 I know you are but what am I: self-evaluative consequences of judging in-group and out-group members Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 19 32
26. T. Mussweiler F. Strack 2000 The "relative self": informational and judgmental consequences of self-evaluation Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79 23 38
27. National Center for Education Statistics. (2000). Trends in educational equity of girls and women (NCES 2000-030). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
28. T. Schmader 2002 Gender identification moderates stereotype threat effects on women's math performance Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 38 194 201
29. Schwarz, N., & Bless, H. (1992). Constructing reality and its alternatives: an inclusion/exclusion model of assimilation and contrast effects in social judgment. In L. L. Martin, & A. Tesser (Eds.), The construction of social judgments (pp. 217-245). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
30. S. J. Spencer C. M. Steele D. Quinn 1999 Stereotype threat and women's math performance Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 35 4 28
31. D. A. Stapel W. Koomen 2001 I, we, and the effects of others on me: how self-construal level moderates social comparison effects Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80 766 781
32. C. M. Steele J. Aronson 1995 Stereotype vulnerability and the intellectual test performance of African Americans Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 797 811
33. Steele, C. M., Spencer, S. J., & Aronson, J. (2002). Contending with group image: the psychology of stereotype and social identity threat. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (vol. vol. 34, (pp. 379-440)). San Diego: Academic.
34. J. Stone C. I. Lynch M. Sjomeling J. M. Darley 1999 Stereotype threat effects on Black and White athletic performance Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77 1213 1227
35. B. Wittenbrink C. M. Judd B. Park 2001 Spontaneous prejudice in context: variability in automatically activated attitudes Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 815 827