Effects of fortifying low crude protein diet with crystalline amino acids on performance, blood ammonia level, and excreta characteristics of broiler chicks

Poultry Science

Volumn 87, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 2250-2258

  Namroud, N F ^a   Shivazad, M ^a   Zaghari, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN   (Iran)

Author keywords

Amino acid; Ammonia; Broiler; Crude protein; Uric acid

Indexed keywords

EID: 55749087533     PISSN: 00325791     EISSN: 15253171     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00499     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. AOAC. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. AOAC Int., Arlington, VA.
2. Barker, D. L., and J. L. Sell. 1994. Dietary carnitine did not influence performance and carcass composition of broiler chickens and young turkeys fed low or high-fat diets. Poult. Sci. 73:281-287.
3. Bunchasak, C., K. Tanaka, and S. Ohtani. 1998. Effect of supplementing nonessential amino acids on growth performance and fat accumulation in broiler chicks fed a diet supplemented with Met + Cys. Jpn. Poult. Sci. 35:182-188.
4. Bunchasak, C., K. Tanaka, S. Ohtani, and C. M. Collado. 1996. Effect of Met+Cys supplementation to low-protein diet on the growth performance and fat accumulation of broiler chicks at starter period. Anim. Sci. Technol. (Jpn.) 67:956-966.
5. Carew, L. B., K. G. Evarts, and F. A. Alster. 1998. Growth, feed intake, and plasma thyroid hormone levels in chicks fed dietary excesses of essential amino acids. Poult. Sci. 77:295-298.
6. Elliott, H. A., and N. E. Collins. 1982. Factors affecting ammonia release in broiler litter. Trans. ASAE 25:413-418, 424.
7. Fancher, B. I., and L. S. Jensen. 1989a. Influence on performance of 3 to 6-wk-old broilers of varying dietary protein contents with supplementation of essential amino acid requirements. Poult. Sci. 68:113-123.
8. Fancher, B. I., and L. S. Jensen. 1989b. Dietary protein level and essential amino acid content: Influence upon female broiler performance during the grower period. Poult. Sci. 68:897-908.
9. Fancher, B. I., and L. S. Jensen. 1989c. Male broiler performance during the starting and growing period as affected by dietary protein, essential amino acids and potassium level. Poult. Sci. 68:1385-1395.
10. Ferguson, N. S., R. S. Gates, J. L. Taraba, A. H. Cantor, A. J. Pescatore, M. L. Straw, M. J. Ford, and D. J. Burnham. 1998. The effect of dietary protein and phosphorus on ammonia concentration and litter composition in broilers. Poult. Sci. 77:1085-1093.
11. Han, Y., and D. H. Baker. 1993. Effects of excess methionine or lysine for broilers fed a corn-soybean meal diet. Poult. Sci. 72:1070-1074.
12. Han, Y., H. Suzuki, C. M. Parson, and D. H. Baker. 1992. Amino acid fortification of a low-protein corn and soybean meal diet for chicks. Poult. Sci. 71:1168-1178.
13. Hevia, P., and A. J. Clifford. 1977. Protein intake, uric acid metabolism and protein efficiency ratio in growing chicks. J. Nutr. 107:959-964.
14. Ishihard, A., K. Kurahasi, and H. Uihard. 1972. Enzymatic determination of ammonia in blood and plasma. Clin. Chem. Acta. 41:255-261.
15. Kumta, U. S., and A. E. Harper. 1961. Amino acid balance and imbalance. 7. Effects of dietary additions of amino acids on feed intake and blood urea concentration of rats fed low-protein diets containing fibrin. J. Nutr. 74:139-147.
16. Kumta, U. S., and A. E. Harper. 1962. Amino acid balance and imbalance. 4. Effect of amino acid imbalance on blood amino acid pattern. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 110:512-517.
17. Lardy, H. A., and G. Fedott. 1950. The net utilization of ammonium nitrogen by the growing rat. J. Biol. Chem. 186:85-91.
18. Leclercq, B., A. M. Chagneau, T. Cochard, and J. Khoury. 1994. Parative responses of genetically lean and fat chickens to lysine, argentine and non-essential amino acid supply. Br. Poult. Sci. 35:687-696.
19. Lemme, A., V. Ravindran, and W. L. Bryden. 2004. Ileal digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients for broilers. World's Poult. Sci. J. 60:423-437.
20. Leung, P. M.-B., and Q. R. Rogers. 1969. Food intake: Regulation by plasma amino acid pattern. Life Sci. 8:1-9.
21. Liddle, L., J. E. Seegmillu, and L. Loster. 1959. The enzymatic spectrophotometric method for the determination of uric acid. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 54:903-908.
22. Marchesini, G., G. P. Bianchi, H. Vilstrup, G. A. Checchia, D. Patrono, and M. Zoli. 1987. Plasma clearances of branchedchain amino acids in control subjects and in patients with cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 4:108-117.
23. Moran, E. T. Jr., and H. L. Stilborn. 1996. Effect of glutamic acid on broilers given submarginal crude protein with adequate essential amino acids using feeds high and low in potassium. Poult. Sci. 75:120-129.
24. Ngo, A., C. N. Coon, and G. R. Beecher. 1977. Dietary glycine requirement for growth and cellular development in chicks. J. Nutr. 107:1800-1808.
25. Noda, K. 1975. Possible effect of blood ammonia on feed intake of rats fed amino acid imbalanced diets. J. Nutr. 105:508-516.
26. NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th rev. ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
27. Panksepp, J., and D. A. Booth. 1971. Decreased feeding after injections of amino acids into the hypothalamus. Nature 233:341-342.
28. Parr, J. F., and J. D. Summers. 1991. The effects of minimizing amino acid excesses in broiler diets. Poult. Sci. 70:1540-1549.
29. Peng, Y., and A. E. Harper. 1970. Amino acid balance and food intake: Effect of different dietary amino acid patterns on the plasma amino acid pattern of rats. J. Nutr. 100:429-437.
30. Reeves, J. B. III, and J. S. Van Kessel. 2000. Near-infrared spectroscopic determination of carbon, total nitrogen, and ammonium-N in dairy manures. J. Dairy Sci. 83:1829-1836.
31. Rosebrough, R. W., S. M. Poch, B. A. Russell, and M. P. Richards. 2002. Dietary protein regulates in vitro lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in broilers. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 132A:423-432.
32. Russek, M. 1971. Hepatic receptors and the neurophysiological mechanisms controlling feeding behavior. Neurosci. Res. 4:214-282.
33. SAS Institute. 2004. SAS Version 9.1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
34. Schimke, R. T. 1963. Study on factors affecting the level of urea cycle enzymes in rat liver. J. Biol. Chem. 238:1012-1018.
35. Schutte, J. B., W. Smink, and M. Pack. 1997. Requirement of young broiler chicks for glycine + serine. Arch. Geflugelkd. 61:43-47.
36. Si, J., C. A. Fritts, P. W. Waldroup, and D. J. Burnham. 2004. Effects of tryptophan to large neutral amino acid ratios and overall amino acid levels on utilization of diets low in crude protein by broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 13:570-578.
37. Sonne, J. C., J. M. Buchanan, and A. M. Delluva. 1946. Biological precursors of uric acid carbon. J. Biol. Chem. 166:395-396.
38. Waldroup, P. W., Q. Jiang, and C. A. Fritts. 2005. Effects of glycine and threonine supplementation on performance of broiler chicks fed diets low in crude protein. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 4:250-257.
39. Yamazaki, M., H. Murakami, K. Nakashima, H. Abe, and M. Takemasa. 2006. Effect of excess essential amino acids in low protein diet on abdominal fat deposition and nitrogen excretion of the broiler chicks. Jpn. Poult. Sci. 43:150-155.
40. Yamazaki, M., H. Murakami, and M. Takemasa. 1998. Effects of ratios of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids in low protein diet on nitrogen excretion and fat deposition of broiler chicks. Jpn. Poult. Sci. 35:19-26.
41. Yoshida, A. 1970. Some aspects of recent advances in protein and amino acid nutrition. Eiyo To Shokuryo 23:583-597.