Thrombotic Microangiopathy and Other Glomerular Disorders in the HIV-Infected Patient

Seminars in Nephrology

Volumn 28, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 545-555

  Fine, Derek M ^a   Fogo, Agnes B ^b   Alpers, Charles E ^c  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Acute renal failure; Glomerular disease; Human immunodeficiency virus; Thrombotic microangiopathy

Indexed keywords

ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT;

ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR CLOTTING; DRUG CYTOTOXICITY; ECLAMPSIA; FOCAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS; GLOMERULOPATHY; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PREVALENCE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A NEPHROPATHY; KIDNEY BIOPSY; KIDNEY CANCER; KIDNEY FAILURE; KIDNEY GRAFT REJECTION; KIDNEY INFECTION; MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION; MEMBRANOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; MINIMAL CHANGE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; ORAL CONTRACEPTION; PLASMA TRANSFUSION; PLASMAPHERESIS; PREECLAMPSIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUERPERIUM; RADIATION INJURY; SCLERODERMA; SPLENECTOMY; STREPTOLYSIN TITER; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS;

ANIMALS; BIOPSY; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 55649098366     PISSN: 02709295     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2008.08.007     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Pardo V., Aldana M., Colton R.M., et al. Glomerular lesions in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 101 (1984) 429-434
2. Rao T.K., Filippone E.J., Nicastri A.D., et al. Associated focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 310 (1984) 669-673
3. Kimmel P.L. The nephropathies of HIV infection: pathogenesis and treatment. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 9 (2000) 117-122
4. Berliner A.R., Fine D.M., Lucas G.M., et al. Observations on a cohort of HIV-infected patients undergoing native renal biopsy. Am J Nephrol 28 (2008) 478-486
5. Estrella M., Fine D.M., Gallant J.E., et al. HIV type 1 RNA level as a clinical indicator of renal pathology in HIV-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis 43 (2006) 377-380
6. Gervasoni C., Ridolfo A.L., Vaccarezza M., et al. Thrombotic microangiopathy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome before and during the era of introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 35 (2002) 1534-1540
7. Wyatt C.M., and Klotman P.E. HIV-1 and HIV-associated nephropathy 25 years later. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2 Suppl 1 (2007) S20-S24
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS surveillance report. Cases of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States, 2004. Volume 16. [cited 2007 August 22]. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/2004report/pdf/2004SurveillanceReport.pdf
9. Ruggenenti P., Noris M., and Remuzzi G. Thrombotic microangiopathy, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Kidney Int 60 (2001) 831-846
10. Moake J.L. Thrombotic microangiopathies. N Engl J Med 347 (2002) 589-600
11. Boccia R.V., Gelmann E.P., Baker C.C., Marti G., and Longo D.L. A hemolytic-uremic syndrome with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 101 (1984) 716-717
12. Henry K., and Flynn T. Association of thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Am J Hematol 29 (1988) 182
13. Stricker R.B. Hemostatic abnormalities in HIV disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 5 (1991) 249-265
14. Hilgartner M. Guidelines for the care of children and adolescents with HIV infection. Hematologic manifestations in HIV-infected children. J Pediatr 119 (1991) S47-S49
15. Thompson C.E., Damon L.E., Ries C.A., and Linker C.A. Thrombotic microangiopathies in the 1980s: clinical features, response to treatment, and the impact of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. Blood 80 (1992) 1890-1895
16. del Arco A., Martinez M.A., Pena J.M., et al. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: demonstration of p24 antigen in endothelial cells. Clin Infect Dis 17 (1993) 360-363
17. Francois A., Dhib M., Dubois D., Fillastre J.P., and Hemet J. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) as the first manifestation of HIV infection. Clin Nephrol 39 (1993) 352-354
18. Torok T.J., Holman R.C., and Chorba T.L. Increasing mortality from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the United States-analysis of national mortality data, 1968-1991. Am J Hematol 50 (1995) 84-90
19. Hymes K.B., and Karpatkin S. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and thrombotic microangiopathy. Semin Hematol 34 (1997) 117-125
20. Bell W.R., Chulay J.D., and Feinberg J.E. Manifestations resembling thrombotic microangiopathy in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease in a cytomegalovirus prophylaxis trial (ACTG 204). Medicine (Baltimore) 76 (1997) 369-380
21. D'Agati V., and Appel G.B. Renal pathology of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Semin Nephrol 18 (1998) 406-421
22. Peraldi M.N., Maslo C., Akposso K., et al. Acute renal failure in the course of HIV infection: a single-institution retrospective study of ninety-two patients and sixty renal biopsies. Nephrol Dial Transplant 14 (1999) 1578-1585
23. Sacristan Lista F., Saavedra Alonso A.J., Oliver Morales J., and Vazquez Martul E. Nephrotic syndrome due to thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) as the first manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection: recovery before antiretroviral therapy without specific treatment against TMA. Clin Nephrol 55 (2001) 404-407
24. Sutor G.C., Schmidt R.E., and Albrecht H. Thrombotic microangiopathies and HIV infection: report of two typical cases, features of HUS and TTP, and review of the literature. Infection 27 (1999) 12-15
25. Kado D.M., Korotzer B.S., and Brass E.P. Clinical characterization of thrombotic microangiopathy in HIV infection. AIDS 10 (1996) 1747-1749
26. Badesha P.S., and Saklayen M.G. Hemolytic uremic syndrome as a presenting form of HIV infection. Nephron 72 (1996) 472-475
27. Gadallah M.F., el-Shahawy M.A., Campese V.M., Todd J.R., and King J.W. Disparate prognosis of thrombotic microangiopathy in HIV-infected patients with and without AIDS. Am J Nephrol 16 (1996) 446-450
28. Szczech L.A., Gupta S.K., Habash R., et al. The clinical epidemiology and course of the spectrum of renal diseases associated with HIV infection. Kidney Int 66 (2004) 1145-1152
29. Briggs W.A., Tanawattanacharoen S., Choi M.J., et al. Clinicopathologic correlates of prednisone treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 28 (1996) 618-621
30. Maslo C., Peraldi M.N., Desenclos J.C., et al. Thrombotic microangiopathy and cytomegalovirus disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 24 (1997) 350-355
31. de Man A.M., Smulders Y.M., Roozendaal K.J., and Frissen P.H. HIV-related thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: report of 2 cases and a review of the literature. Neth J Med 51 (1997) 103-109
32. Laszik Z., and Silva F.G. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and systemic sclerosis (systemic scleroderma). In: Jennette J.C., Olson J.L., Schwartz M.M., and Silva F.G. (Eds). Heptinstall's pathology of the kidney. 5th ed. (1998), Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia 1003-1057
33. Kostianovsky M., Kang Y.H., and Grimley P.M. Disseminated tubuloreticular inclusions in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ultrastruct Pathol 4 (1983) 331-336
34. Orenstein J.M., Preble O.T., Kind P., and Schulof R. The relationship of serum alpha-interferon and ultrastructural markers in HIV-seropositive individuals. Ultrastruct Pathol 11 (1987) 673-679
35. Obrig T.G., Louise C.B., Lingwood C.A., et al. Endothelial heterogeneity in Shiga toxin receptors and responses. J Biol Chem 268 (1993) 15484-15488
36. Alpers C.E. Light at the end of the TUNEL: HIV-associated thrombotic microangiopathy. Kidney Int 63 (2003) 385-396
37. Eremina V., Jefferson J.A., Kowalewska J., et al. VEGF inhibition and renal thrombotic microangiopathy. N Engl J Med 358 (2008) 1129-1136
38. George J.N. Clinical practice. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 354 (2006) 1927-1935
39. Furlan M., Robles R., Galbusera M., et al. von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. N Engl J Med 339 (1998) 1578-1584
40. Tsai H.M., and Lian E.C. Antibodies to von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease in acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 339 (1998) 1585-1594
41. Bruggeman L.A., Ross M.D., Tanji N., et al. Renal epithelium is a previously unrecognized site of HIV-1 infection. J Am Soc Nephrol 11 (2000) 2079-2087
42. Ross M.J., Bruggeman L.A., Wilson P.D., and Klotman P.E. Microcyst formation and HIV-1 gene expression occur in multiple nephron segments in HIV-associated nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 12 (2001) 2645-2651
43. Winston J.A., Bruggeman L.A., Ross M.D., et al. Nephropathy and establishment of a renal reservoir of HIV type 1 during primary infection. N Engl J Med 344 (2001) 1979-1984
44. Marras D., Bruggeman L.A., Gao F., et al. Replication and compartmentalization of HIV-1 in kidney epithelium of patients with HIV-associated nephropathy. Nat Med 8 (2002) 522-526
45. Eitner F., Cui Y., Hudkins K.L., and Alpers C.E. Chemokine receptor (CXCR4) mRNA-expressing leukocytes are increased in human renal allograft rejection. Transplantation 66 (1998) 1551-1557
46. Eitner F., Cui Y., Hudkins K.L., et al. Chemokine receptor (CCR5) expression in human kidneys and in the HIV infected macaque. Kidney Int 54 (1998) 1945-1954
47. Huang M.B., Khan M., Garcia-Barrio M., Powell M., and Bond V.C. Apoptotic effects in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures caused by exposure to virion-associated and cell membrane-associated HIV-1 gp120. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 27 (2001) 213-221
48. Park I.W., Ullrich C.K., Schoenberger E., Ganju R.K., and Groopman J.E. HIV-1 Tat induces microvascular endothelial apoptosis through caspase activation. J Immunol 167 (2001) 2766-2771
49. Schecter A.D., Berman A.B., Yi L., et al. HIV envelope gp120 activates human arterial smooth muscle cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98 (2001) 10142-10147
50. Boue F., Dreyfus M., Bridey F., et al. Lupus anticoagulant and HIV infection: a prospective study. AIDS 4 (1990) 467-468
51. Ankri A., Bonmarchand M., Coutellier A., Herson S., and Karmochkine M. Antiphospholipid antibodies are an epiphenomenon in HIV-infected patients. AIDS 13 (1999) 1282-1283
52. Uthman I.W., and Gharavi A.E. Viral infections and antiphospholipid antibodies. Semin Arthritis Rheum 31 (2002) 256-263
53. Anderson D.M., Agy M.B., Bowden D., Morton W.R., and Liggitt H.D. HIV infection in non-human primates: the Macaca nemestrina model. Virus Res 32 (1994) 269-282
54. Eitner F., Cui Y., Hudkins K.L., et al. Thrombotic microangiopathy in the HIV-2-infected macaque. Am J Pathol 155 (1999) 649-661
55. Segerer S., Eitner F., Cui Y., Hudkins K.L., and Alpers C.E. Cellular injury associated with renal thrombotic microangiopathy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques. J Am Soc Nephrol 13 (2002) 370-378
56. Ahmed S., Siddiqui R.K., Siddiqui A.K., Zaidi S.A., and Cervia J. HIV associated thrombotic microangiopathy. Postgrad Med J 78 (2002) 520-525
57. Roling J., Schmid H., Fischereder M., Draenert R., and Goebel F.D. HIV-associated renal diseases and highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced nephropathy. Clin Infect Dis 42 (2006) 1488-1495
58. Appel R.G., and Neill J. A steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Ann Intern Med 113 (1990) 892-893
59. Cheng J.T., Anderson Jr. H.L., Markowitz G.S., et al. Hepatitis C virus-associated glomerular disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus coinfection. J Am Soc Nephrol 10 (1999) 1566-1574
60. Stokes M.B., Valeri A.M., Markowitz G.S., and D'Agati V.D. Cellular focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: clinical and pathologic features. Kidney Int 70 (2006) 1783-1792
61. Meyrier A. Mechanisms of disease: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 1 (2005) 44-54
62. Cattran D. Management of membranous nephropathy: when and what for treatment. J Am Soc Nephrol 16 (2005) 1188-1194
63. Llach F. Hypercoagulability, renal vein thrombosis, and other thrombotic complications of nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int 28 (1985) 429-439
64. Lucas G.M., Lau B., Atta M.G., et al. Chronic kidney disease incidence, and progression to end-stage renal disease, in HIV-infected individuals: a tale of two races. J Infect Dis 197 (2008) 1548-1557
65. U.S. Renal Data System, USRDS 2005 Annual Data Report. Atlas of end stage renal disease in the United States, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2005. [cited 2007 August 22]. http://www.usrds.org/2005/pdf/02_incid_prev_05.pdf
66. National Diabetes Surveillance System. Incidence of diabetes. [cited 2006 August 30]. http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/incidence/table6.htm
67. Centers for Disease Control. Racial/ethnic disparities in prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension-United States, 1999-2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 54 (2005) 7-9
68. Marcantoni C., Ma L.J., Federspiel C., and Fogo A.B. Hypertensive nephrosclerosis in African Americans versus Caucasians. Kidney Int 62 (2002) 172-180
69. Wehrmann M., and Bohle A. The long-term prognosis of benign nephrosclerosis accompanied by focal glomerulosclerosis and renal cortical interstitial fibrosis, designated so-called decompensated benign nephrosclerosis by Fahr, Bohle and Ratscheck. Pathol Res Pract 194 (1998) 571-576
70. Agodoa L.Y., Appel L., Bakris G.L., et al. Effect of ramipril vs amlodipine on renal outcomes in hypertensive nephrosclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 285 (2001) 2719-2728
71. Szczech L.A., Hoover D.R., Feldman J.G., et al. Association between renal disease and outcomes among HIV-infected women receiving or not receiving antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 39 (2004) 1199-1206
72. Crane H.M., Van Rompaey S.E., and Kitahata M.M. Antiretroviral medications associated with elevated blood pressure among patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 20 (2006) 1019-1026
73. Grinspoon S.K. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Med 118 Suppl 2 (2005) 23S-28S
74. Fine D.M., Garg N., Haas M., et al. Cocaine use and hypertensive renal changes in HIV-infected individuals. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2 (2007) 1125-1130
75. National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. [cited 2007 September 1]. http://www.kidney.org/professionals/kdoqi/guidelines_ckd/toc.htm
76. Gupta S.K., Eustace J.A., Winston J.A., et al. Guidelines for the management of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected patients: recommendations of the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 40 (2005) 1559-1585
77. Chobanian A.V., Bakris G.L., Black H.R., et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 42 (2003) 1206-1252
78. Nakao N., Yoshimura A., Morita H., et al. Combination treatment of angiotensin-II receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor in non-diabetic renal disease (COOPERATE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 361 (2003) 117-124
79. Cravedi P., Ruggenenti P., and Remuzzi G. Intensified inhibition of renin-angiotensin system: a way to improve renal protection?. Curr Hypertens Rep 9 (2007) 430-436
80. Satoskar A.A., Nadasdy G., Plaza J.A., et al. Staphylococcus infection-associated glomerulonephritis mimicking IgA nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1 (2006) 1179-1186
81. Nasr S.H., Markowitz G.S., Whelan J.D., et al. IgA-dominant acute poststaphylococcal glomerulonephritis complicating diabetic nephropathy. Hum Pathol 34 (2003) 1235-1241