Holocene vegetation and climate records from Lake Sibaya, KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Volumn 152, Issue 3-4, 2008, Pages 113-128

  Neumann, Frank H ^a,b   Stager, J Curt ^c   Scott, Louis ^a   Venter, Hendrik J T ^a   Weyhenmeyer, Constanze ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^c PAUL SMITH S COLLEGE   (United States)

^d SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Holocene; palynology; South Africa; vegetation history

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; CONIFEROUS TREE; HOLOCENE; IRON AGE; PALEOBOTANY; PALYNOLOGY; POLLEN; RADIOCARBON DATING; VEGETATION HISTORY;

AFRICA; KWAZULU-NATAL; LAKE SIBAYA; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

ALGAE; AMBROSIA; BRUGUIERA; CASUARINA; CELTIS; CYPERACEAE; ERICACEAE; ISOGLOSSA; MACARANGA; MIMUSOPS; POACEAE; PODOCARPUS; RAUVOLFIA; RESTIONACEAE; SCLEROCARYA; SPIROSTACHYS; STOEBE; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 55549141507     PISSN: 00346667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2008.04.006     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Acocks J.H. Veld types of South Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 40, Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agricultural Technical Services-South Africa (1975), Pretoria
2. Adamson R.S. The Vegetation of South Africa (1938), British Empire Vegetation Committee, London
3. Allanson B.R. Lake Sibaya. Monographiae Biologicae vol. 36 (1979), Dr W Junk bv Publishers, Boston
4. Allanson B.R. The physico-chemical limnology of Lake Sibaya. In: Allanson B.R. (Ed). Lake Sibaya. Monographiae Biologicae vol. 36 (1979), Dr W Junk bv Publishers, Boston 42-74
5. Allanson B.R., Hart R.C., O'Keeffe J.H., and Robarts R.D. Inland Waters of Southern Africa: an Ecological Perspective (1990), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
6. Barbero M.R., Loisel P., Quezel D.M., Richardson D.M., and Romane F. Pines of the Mediterranean Basin. In: Richardson D.M. (Ed). Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus (1998), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 153-170
7. Baxter A.J., and Meadows M.E. Evidence for Holocene sea level changes at Verlorenvlei, Western Cape, South Africa. Quaternary International 56 (1999) 65-79
8. Bond W. Fire. In: Cowling R.M., Richardson D.M., and Pierce S.M. (Eds). The Vegetation of Southern Africa (1996), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 421-446
9. Bonnefille R., and Riollet G. Pollens des savanes ďAfrique Orientale (1980), Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris
10. Botha G.A., Bristow C.S., Porat N., Duller G., Armitage S.J., Roberts H.M., Clarke B.M., Kota M.W., and Schoeman P. Evidence for dune reactivation on the Maputaland coastal plain, South Africa. In: Bristow C.S., and Jol H.M. (Eds). Ground Penetrating Radar in Sediments. Geological Society, London, Special publications vol. 211 (2003) 29-46
11. Bousman C.B. The chronological evidence for the introduction of domestic stock into Southern Africa. African Archaeological Review 15 2 (1998) 133-150
12. Breen C.M. The dune forest: its structure and maintenance. In: Allanson B.R. (Ed). Lake Sibaya. Monographiae Biologicae vol 36 (1979), Dr W. Junk Publishers, Boston 21-33
13. Bruton M.N., Smith M., and Taylor R.H. A brief history of human evolvement in Maputaland. In: Bruton M.N., and Cooper K.H. (Eds). Studies on the Ecology of Maputaland (1980), Rhodes University and the Natal Branch of the Wildlife Society of Southern Africa, Durban 432-459
14. Coetzee J.A. Pollen analytical studies in East and Southern Africa. Palaeoecology of Africa 3 (1967) 1-146
15. Coetzee J.A., and Praglowski J. Pollen evidence for the occurrence of Casuarina and Myrica in the Tertiary of South Africa. Grana 23 (1984) 23-41
16. Cooper K.H. The Conservation Status of Indigenuous Forests in Transvaal, Natal and O.F.S., South Africa (1985), Wildlife Society of South Africa, Durban
17. Davies B., and Day J. Vanishing waters (1998), Unversity of Cape Town Press, Cape Town
18. Eeley H.A.C., Lawes M.J., and Piper S.E. The influence of climate change on the distribution of indigenous forest in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of Biogeography 26 (1999) 595-617
19. Ekblom A. Changing landscapes-an environmental history of Chibuene, Southern Mozambique. Studies in Global Archaeology vol. 5 (2004), Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala
20. Faegri K., and Iversen J. Textbook of Pollen Analysis (1989), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester
21. Finch, J.M., 2005. Late Quaternary palaeoenvironments of the Mfabeni peatland, northern KwaZulu-Natal. Master thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg.
22. Germishuizen G., and Meyer N.L. Plants of southern Africa, an annotated checklist. Strelitzia vol. 14 (2003), National Botanical Institute, Pretoria
23. 14C hardwater effect in lakes. Radiocarbon 40 (1998) 921-932
24. Greeson P.E. An annotated key to the identification of commonly occurring and dominant genera of algae observed in the phytoplankton of the United States. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper (1982)
25. Haas N. Neorhabdocoela oocytes-palaeoecological indicators found in pollen preparations from Holocene freshwater lake sediments. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 91 (1991) 371-382
26. Hall M. Dendroclimatology, rainfall and human adaption in the Later Iron Age of Natal and Zululand. Annals of the Natal Museum 22 3 (1976) 693-703
27. Hall, M., 1980. Man's role in the development of threatened habitats. Working document vol. 5, HABCON; CSIR, Pretoria.
28. Hall M., and Maggs T. Nqabeni: a later Iron Age site in Zululand. South African Archaeological Society Godwin Series 3 (1979) 159-176
29. Hall M.J., and Vogel J.C. Some recent radiocarbon dates from Southern Africa. Journal of African history 21 (1980) 431-455
30. Hamilton A.C. The interpretation of pollen diagrams from highland Uganda. Palaeoecology of Africa 7 (1972) 45-149
31. Heiri O., Lotter A.F., and Lemcke G. Loss on ignition as a method for estimating organic and carbonate content in sediments: reproducibility and comparability of results. Journal of Palaeolimnology 25 (2001) 101-110
32. Hill B.J. Bathymetry, morphometry and hydrology of Lake Sibaya. In: Allanson B.R. (Ed). Lake Sibaya. Monographiae Biologicae vol. 36 (1979), Dr W Junk Publishers, Boston 34-39
33. Hobday D.K. Geological evolution and geomorphology of the Zululand coastal plain. In: Allanson B.R. (Ed). Lake Sibaya. Monographiae Biologicae vol. 36 (1979), Dr W Junk Publishers, Boston 1-20
34. Hobday D.K., and Orme A.R. The Port Dunford Formation, a major Pleistocene barrier-lagoon complex along the Zululand coast. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 77 (1974) 141-149
35. Holmgren K., Karlen W., Lauritzen S.E., Lee-Thorp J.A., Partridge T.C., Piketh S., Repinski P., Stevenson C., Svanered O., and Tyson P.D. A 3000-year high-resolution stalagmite based record of palaeoclimate for northeastern South Africa. The Holocene 9 3 (1999) 295-309
36. Howard-Williams C. Distribution, biomass and role of aquatic macrophytes in Lake Sibaya. In: Allanson B.R. (Ed). Lake Sibaya. Monographiae Biologicae vol. 36 (1979), Dr W Junk Publishers, Boston 88-107
37. Howard-Williams C. Aquatic macrophytes of the coastal wetlands of Maputaland. In: Bruton M.N., and Cooper K.H. (Eds). Studies on the Ecology of Maputaland (1980), Rhodes University and The natal Branch of the Wildlife Society of Southern Africa, Durban 42-51
38. Huffman T.N. Archaeological evidence for climatic change during the last 2000 years in Southern Africa. Quaternary International 33 (1996) 55-60
39. Huffman T.N. Maize Grindstones, Madikwe Pottery and Ochre Mining in Precolonial South Africa (2006)
40. Jury, M.R., Govender, Y. (in press). A survey of tropical southeastern Africa in the context of coastal Zone management. Environmental Studies Department, University of Zululand. http://www.unesco.org/csi/act/maputaland/maputa1.htm).
41. Kotze P.C. Tree Planting on the Natal Coast Belt and in Zululand (1929), The Government Printer, Pretoria
42. Lavery P.B., and Mead D.J. Pinus radiata: a narrow endemic from North America takes on the world. In: Richardson D.M. (Ed). Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus (1998), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 432-449
43. Le Maitre D.C. Pines in cultivation. In: Richardson D.M. (Ed). Ecology and biogeography of Pinus (1998), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 407-431
44. MacDevette D.R. The vegetation and conservation of the Zululand coastal dunes. In: Gordon I.G. (Ed). Natal Indigenous Forests (1989), Natal Park Board, Pietermaritzburg
45. MacDevette D.R. The woody vegetation of the Zululand coastal dunes. South African Forestry Handbook (1992), Southern African Institute of Forestry, Pretoria
46. MacDonald G.M., Beukens R.P., and Kieser W.E. Radiocarbon dating of limnic sediments: a comparative analysis and discussion. Ecology 72 3 (1991) 1150-1155
47. Maggs T. Mgoduyanuka: terminal Iron Age settlement in the Natal grasslands. Annals of the Natal Museum 25 1 (1982) 83-113
48. Maggs T. The Iron Age south of the Zambezi. In: Klein R.G. (Ed). Southern African Prehistory and Palaeoenvironments (1984), A.A.Balkema, Rotterdam
49. Maley J., and Brenac P. Vegetation dynamics, palaeoenvironments, and climatic changes in the forests of western Cameroon during the last 28,000 years B.P. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 99 (1998) 157-187
50. Martin A.R.H. Pollen analysis of Groenvlei lake sediments, Knysna (South Africa). Review Palaeobotany and Palynology 7 (1968) 107-144
51. Maud R.R. The climate and geology of Maputaland. In: Bruton M.N., and Cooper H.H. (Eds). Studies on the Ecology of Maputaland (1980), Rhodes University and the Natal Branch of the Wildlife Society of Southern Africa, Durban 1-7
52. Mayewski P.A., Rohling E.E., Stager J.C., Karlen W., Maasch K.A., Meeker L.D., Meyerson E.A., Gasse F., van Krefeld S., Holmgren K., Lee-Thorp J., Rosqvist G., Rack F., Staubwasser M., Schneider R.R., and Steig E. Holocene climate variability. Quaternary research 62 (2004) 243-255
53. Mazus H. Clues on the history of Podocarpus forest in Maputaland, South Africa, during the Quaternary, based on pollen analysis. African Geoscience Review 7 (2000) 75-82
54. McCann J.C. Maize and Grace: Africas Encounter with a New World Crop 1500-2000 (2005), Harvard University Press, Cambridge
55. McCormac F.G., Hogg A.G., Blackwell P.G., Buck C.E., Higham T.F.G., and Reimer P.J. SHCal04 Southern Hemisphere Calibration 0 - 11.0 cal kyr BP. Radiocarbon 46 (2004) 1087-1092
56. Meadows M.E., and Baxter A.J. Holocene vegetation history and palaeoenvironments at Klaarfontein Springs, Western Cape, South Africa. The Holocene 11 6 (2001) 699-706
57. Meadows M.E., and Sugden J.M. A vegetation history of the last 14 000 years on the Cederberg, south-western Cape Province. South African Journal of Science 87 (1991) 34-43
58. Meadows M.E., Baxter A.J., and Parkington J. Late Holocene environments at Verlorenvlei, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Quaternary International 33 (1996) 81-95
59. Miller W.R. The Bathymetry, sedimentology and seismic stratigraphy of Lake Sibaya-Northern KwaZulu-Natal. Bulletin vol. 131 (2001), Council for Geoscience South Africa, Pretoria
60. Miracle M.P. The introduction and spread of maize in Africa. The Journal of African History 6 1 (1965) 39-55
61. Moll E.J. Terrestrial plant ecology. In: Bruton M.N., and Cooper H.H. (Eds). Studies on the Ecology of Maputaland (1980), Rhodes University and The natal Branch of the Wildlife Society of Southern Africa, Durban 52-68
62. Moore P.D., Webb J.A., and Collinson M.E. Pollen Analysis. 2nd edition (1999), Blackwell Science, Oxford
63. Moran V.C., Hoffmann J.H., Donnell D., Van Wilgen B.W., and Zimmermann H.G. Biological control of alien, invasive pine trees (Pinus species) in South Africa. Proceedings of the Xth International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, 4-14 July 1999, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA (2000) 941-953
64. Mucina L., and Rutherford M.C. The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia vol. 19 (2006), South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria
65. Neumann F., Schölzel C., Litt T., Hense A., and Stein M. Holocene vegetation and climate history of the northern Golan heights (Near East). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 16 (2007) 329-346
66. Pakenham T. The Boer War (1999), Jonathan Ball Publishers, Johannesburg
67. Palgrave K.C. Trees of Southern Africa. C Struik (Pty) Limited, Cape Town (1977)
68. Pooley E. The Complete Field Guide to Trees of Natal, Zululand & Transkei (2003), Natal Flora Publication Trust, Durban
69. Poynton R.J. Tree Planting in Southern Africa: The Pines vol. 1 (1977), Department of Forestry, Pretoria
70. Poynton R.J. Casuarina. Report to the Southern African regional commission for the conservation and utilization of the soil (SARCCUS) on tree planting in Southern Africa vol. 3 (1995), Forestry Branch, South Africa Other Genera
71. Prat N., and Daroca V. Eutrophication processes in Spanish reservoirs as revealed by biological records in profundal sediments. Hydrobiologica 103 (1983) 53-158
72. Raymont J.E.G. Plankton and productivity in the oceans. 2nd edition, Vol (1980), Phytoplankton, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1
73. Richardson D.M. Forestry Trees as Invasive Aliens. Conservation Biology 12 1 (1998) 18-26
74. Richardson D.M., and Higgins S.I. Pines as invaders in the Southern Hemisphere. In: Richardson D.M. (Ed). Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus (1998), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 450-473
75. Roos, J.C., 1991. Primary productivity of the Vaal River phytoplankton. Phd thesis, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein.
76. Rousseau D.-D., Schevin P., Duzer D., Cambon G., Ferrier J., Jolly D., and Poulsen U. New evidence of long distance pollen transport to southern Greenland in late spring. Review of Paleobotany and Palynology 141 3-4 (2006) 277-286
77. Salzmann U., and Hoelzmann P. The Dahomey Gap: an abrupt climatically induced rain forest fragmentation in West Africa during the late Holocene. The Holocene 15 2 (2005) 190-199
78. Saunders A.R. Maize in South Africa (1930), South African Central News Agency, Johannesburg
79. Scamoni A. Beobachtungen über den Pollenflug der Kiefer und Fichte. Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt 68, 12 (1949) 735-751
80. Schwab M., Neumann F., Litt T., Stein M., and Negendank J.F.W. Holocene palaeoecology of the Golan Heights (Near East): investigation of lacustrine sediments from Birkat Ram crater lake. Quaternary Science Reviews 23 16/17 (2004) 1723-1731
81. Scott L. Late Quaternary fossil pollen grains from the Transvaal, South Africa. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 36 (1982) 241-278
82. Scott L. Environmental implications and origin of microcopic Pseudoschizaea Thiergart and Frantz ex R. Potonie emend. In sediments. Journal of Biogeography 19 (1992) 349-354
83. Scott L. Microscopic charcoal in sediments: Quaternary fire history of the grassland and savanna regions in South Africa. Journal of Quaternary Science 17 1 (2002) 77-86 2002
84. Scott L., and Lee-Thorp J.A. Holocene climatic trends and rhythms in Southern Africa. In: Battarbee R.W., Gasse F., and Stickley C.E. (Eds). Past Climate Variability Through Europe and Africa (2004), Springer, Dordrecht 69-78
85. Scott L., and Steenkamp M. Environmental history and recent human disturbance at coastal Lake Teza, Kwazulu/Natal. South African Journal of Science 92 (1996) 348-350
86. Scott L., Steenkamp M., and Beaumont P.B. Palaeoenvironmental conditions in South Africa at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Quaternary Science Reviews 14 (1996) 937-947
87. Scott L., Holmgren K., Talma A.S., Woodborne S., and Vogel J.C. Age interpretation of the Wonderkrater spring sediments and vegetation change in the Savanna biome, Limpopo Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Science 99 (2003) 484-488
88. 14C levels in lake waters and in the atmosphere: the case of lake Kinnere. Radiocarbon 43 (2001) 821-830
89. Stirton C.H. Plant invaders-beautiful, but dangerous. The Department of Nature and Environmental Conservation of the Cape Provincial Administration, Cape Town (1978)
90. 14C data base and revised CALIB 3.0 14C age calibration program. Radiocarbon 35 (1993) 215-230
91. Truter E. An Aid to the Identification of the Dominant and Commonly Occurring Genera of Algae Observed in some South African Impoundments (1987), Department of Water Affairs Hydrological Research Institute, Pretoria
92. Turner S., and Plater A. Palynological evidence for the origin and development of late Holocene wetland sediments: Mdlanzi swamp, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, South Africa. South African Journal of Science 100 (2004) 220-229
93. Tyson P.D., Odada E.O., and Partridge T.C. Late Quaternary environmental change in southern Africa. START Regional Syntheses. South African Journal of Science 97 March/April 2001 (2001) 139-150
94. In: Van Zinderen Bakker Sr. E.M. (Ed). South African Pollen Grains and Spores. Part I-III (1953-1970), A.A. Balkema, Amsterdam
95. Van Zinderen Bakker Sr. E.M. Observations on the distribution of Ericaceae in Africa. Colloquium Geographicum 12 Ferd Dümmlers Verlag, Bonn (1970)
96. Venter H.J.T. Die plantekologie van Richardsbaai, Natal. Phd, Universiteit van Pretoria (1972)
97. Venter H.J.T. An ecological study of the dune forest at Mapelana, Cape St. Lucia, Zululand. Journal of South African Botany 42 2 (1976) 211-230
98. Vogel J.C. The temporal distribution of radiocarbon dates for the Iron Age in southern Africa. South African Archaeological bulletin 50 (1995) 106-109
99. Vollenweider R.A. Eutrophication-a global problem. Water Quality Bulletin 6 (1981) 59-89
100. Walker M. Quaternary Dating Methods (1991), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, England
101. Weisser P.J. The dune forest of Maputaland. In: Bruton M.N., and Cooper H.H. (Eds). Studies on the Ecology of Maputaland (1980), Rhodes University and The Natal Branch of the Wildlife Society of Southern Africa, Durban 78-90
102. Weisser P.J., and Drews B.K. List of vascular plants of the forested dunes of Maputaland. In: Bruton M.N., and Cooper H.H. (Eds). Studies on the Ecology of Maputaland (1980), Rhodes University and the Natal Branch of the Wildlife Society of Southern Africa, Durban 91-101
103. Williams R. The Cape to Cairo railway. Journal of the African Societies 20 35 (1921) 1-20
104. Wright C.I., Miller W.R., and Cooper J.A.G. The late Cenozoic evolution of coastal water bodies in Northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Marine Geology 167 (2000) 207-229