Fact learning: How information accuracy, delay, and repeated testing change retention and retrieval experience

Memory

Volumn 16, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 934-946

  Barber, Sarah J ^a   Rajaram, Suparna ^a   Marsh, Elizabeth J ^b  

^a STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Episodic memory; False memory; Familiarity; Remember Know paradigm; Semantic memory; Source memory

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EPISODIC MEMORY; FALSE MEMORY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; NORMAL HUMAN; PHENOMENOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECALL; SEMANTIC MEMORY; VISUAL INFORMATION;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; COGNITION; CUES; HUMANS; JUDGMENT; LEARNING; MENTAL RECALL; PRACTICE (PSYCHOLOGY); PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; RECOGNITION (PSYCHOLOGY); RETENTION (PSYCHOLOGY); STUDENTS; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 55349144915     PISSN: 09658211     EISSN: 14640686     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09658210802360603     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Chan, J. C. K. and McDermott, K. B. (2006) Remembering pragmatic inferences. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20, pp. 633-639.
2. Conway, M. A., Gardiner, J. M., Perfect, T. J., Anderson, S. J. and Cohen, G. M. (1997) Changes in memory awareness during learning: The acquisition of knowledge by psychology undergraduates. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 126, pp. 393-413.
3. Deese, J. (1959) On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, pp. 17-22.
4. Fazio, L. K. and Marsh, E. J. (2008) Slowing presentation speed increases illusions of knowledge. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 15, pp. 1081-1089.
5. Frost, P. (2000) The quality of false memory over time: Is memory for misinformation 'remembered' or 'known'?. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7, pp. 531-536.
6. Gardiner, J. M. (2008) Cognitive psychology of memory, pp. 285-305. Elsevier, Oxford, UK
7. Gardiner, J. M. and Java, R. I. (1991) Forgetting in recognition memory with and without recollective experience. Memory & Cognition, 19, pp. 617-623.
8. Gardiner, J. M., Java, R. I. and Richardson-Klavehn, A. (1996) How levels of processing really influences awareness in recognition memory. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50, pp. 114-122.
9. Hasher, L., Goldstein, D. and Toppino, T. (1977) Frequency and the conference of referential validity. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 16, pp. 107-112.
10. Herbert, D. M. B. and Burt, J. S. (2001) Memory awareness and schematization: Learning in the university context. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, pp. 617-637.
11. Herbert, D. M. B. and Burt, J. S. (2003) The effects of different review opportunities on schematisation of knowledge. Learning and Instruction, 13, pp. 73-92.
12. Jacoby, L. L. (1991) A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses in memory. Journal of Memory & Language, 30, pp. 513-541.
13. Jacoby, L. L. and Dallas, M. (1981) On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 110, pp. 306-340.
14. Jacoby, L. L., Yonelinas, A. P. and Jennings, J. M. (1997) The relation between conscious and unconscious (automatic) influences: A declaration of independence. Scientific approaches to consciousness, pp. 13-47. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc, Hillsdale, NJ
15. Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S. and Lindsay, D. S. (1993) Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114, pp. 3-28.
16. Karpicke, J. D., McCabe, D. P. and Roediger, H. L. III. (2006) Testing enhances recollection: Process dissociation estimates and metamemory judgements. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Houston, TX
17. Kelley, C. M. and Lindsay, D. S. (1993) Remembering mistaken for knowing: Ease of retrieval as a basis for confidence in answers to general knowledge questions. Journal of Memory and Language, 32, pp. 1-24.
18. Lane, S. M. and Zaragoza, M. S. (1995) The recollective experience of cross-modality confusion errors. Memory & Cognition, 23, pp. 607-610.
19. Mandler, G. (1980) Recognizing: The judgment of previous occurrence. Psychological Review, 87, pp. 252-271.
20. Mantyla, T. (1993) Knowing but not remembering: Adult age differences in recollective experience. Memory & Cognition, 221, pp. 379-388.
21. Marsh, E. J. (2004) Story stimuli for creating false beliefs about the world. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 36, pp. 650-655.
22. Marsh, E. J., Balota, D. A. and Roediger, H. L. III. (2005) The effects of aging and mild dementia on learning facts from fiction. Neuropsychology, 19, pp. 115-129.
23. Marsh, E. J., Meade, M. L. and Roediger, H. L. III. (2003) Learning facts from fiction. Journal of Memory and Language, 49, pp. 519-536.
24. Mather, M., Henkel, L. A. and Johnson, M. K. (1997) Evaluating characteristics of false memories: Remember/know judgements and memory characteristics questionnaire compared. Memory & Cognition, 25, pp. 826-837.
25. Nelson, T. O. and Narens, L. (1980) Norms of 300 general-information questions: Accuracy of recall, latency of recall, and feeling-of-knowing ratings. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 19, pp. 338-368.
26. Payne, D. G., Elie, C. J., Blackwell, J. M. and Neuschatz, J. S. (1996) Memory illusions: Recalling, recognizing, and recollecting events that never occurred. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, pp. 261-285.
27. Rajaram, S. (1993) Remembering and knowing: Two means of access to the personal past. Memory & Cognition, 21, pp. 89-102.
28. Rajaram, S. (1996) Perceptual effects on remembering: Recollective processes in picture recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, pp. 365-377.
29. Rajaram, S. (1999) Assessing the nature of retrieval experience: Advances and challenges. Stratification in cognition and consciousness, pp. 255-275. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, Netherlands
30. Roediger, H. L. III, Jacoby, J. D. and McDermott, K. B. (1996) Misinformation effects in recall: Creating false memories through repeated retrieval. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, pp. 300-318.
31. Roediger, H. L. III and Karpicke, J. D. (2006) The power of testing memory: Basic research and implications for educational practice. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1, pp. 181-210.
32. Roediger, H. L. III and McDermott, K. B. (1995) Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, pp. 803-814.
33. Roediger, H. L. III, Rajaram, S. and Geraci, L. (2007) Three forms of consciousness in retrieving memories. Cambridge handbook of consciousness, Cambridge University Press, New York
34. Schacter, D. L., Verfaellie, M. and Pradere, D. (1996) The neuropsychology of memory illusions: False recall and recognition in amnesic patients. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, pp. 319-334.
35. Tulving, E. (1972) Episodic and semantic memory. Organization of memory, pp. 381-403. Academic Press, Oxford, UK
36. Tulving, E. (1985) Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology, 26, pp. 1-12.
37. Tulving, E. (1995) Organization of memory: Quo vadis?. The cognitive neurosciences, pp. 839-847. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
38. Wixted, J. T. (2007) Dual-process theory and signal-detection theory of recognition memory. Psychological Review, 114, pp. 152-176.
39. Yonelinas, A. P. (2002) The nature of recollection and familiarity: A review of 30 years of research. Journal of Memory and Language, 46, pp. 441-517.