The response of an elephant population to conservation area expansion: Phinda Private Game Reserve, South Africa

Biological Conservation

Volumn 141, Issue 12, 2008, Pages 3127-3138

  Druce, Heleen C ^a   Pretorius, Kevin ^b   Slotow, Rob ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

^b Phinda Private Game Reserve   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Cautious behaviour; GIS; Loxodonta africana; Ranging behaviour; Reaction time; Response indicator

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE; ELEPHANT; GIS; NATURE CONSERVATION; NATURE RESERVE; POPULATION DYNAMICS; POPULATION GROWTH;

AFRICA; KWAZULU-NATAL; PHINDA PRIVATE GAME RESERVE; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

ANIMALIA; ELEPHANTIDAE; LOXODONTA AFRICANA;

EID: 55049140272     PISSN: 00063207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.09.024     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Aleper D., and Moe S.T. The African savannah elephant population in Kidepo Valley National Park, Uganda: changes in size and structure from 1967 to 2000. African Journal of Ecology 44 (2006) 157-164
2. Barratt D.G., and Hall-Martin A.J. The effects of indigenous herbivores on Valley Bushveld in the Addo Elephant National Park. In: Zacharias P.J.K., and Stuart-Hill G.C. (Eds). Proceedings of the First Valley Bushveld/Subtropical Thicket Symposium (1991), Grassland Society of Southern Africa, Howick
3. Bengis R.G. Elephant population control in African National Parks. Pachyderm 22 (1996) 83-86
4. Biggs H.C., Slotow R., Scholes R.J., Carruthers J., van Aarde R., Kerley G.I.H., Twine W., Grobler D.G., Berthshinger H., Grant C.C., Lötter H., Blignaut J., Hopkinson L., and Peel M. Towards integrated decision-making for elephant management. In: Scholes R.J., and Mennell K.G. (Eds). Assessment of South African Elephant Management (2008), Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg 530-578
5. Bissonette J.A., and Adair W. Restoring habitat permeability to roaded landscapes with isometrically-scaled wildlife crossings. Biological Conservation 141 (2008) 482-488
6. Boone R.B., and Hobbs N.T. Lines around fragments: effects of fencing on large herbivores. African Journal of Range & Forage Science 21 (2004) 147-158
7. Burke T., Page B., van Dyk G., Millspaugh J., and Slotow R. Risk and ethical concerns of hunting male elephant: behavioural and physiological assays of the remaining elephants. PLOS One 3 (2008) e2417 doi:10.1371/journal 0.1371/journal.pone.00024 0002417 17
8. Burt W.H. Territoriality and home range concepts as applied to mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 24 (1943) 346-352
9. Douglas-Hamilton I., Krink T., and Vollrath F. Movements and corridors of African elephants in relation to protected areas. Natürwissenschaften 92 (2005) 158-163
10. Druce H., Pretorius K., Druce D., and Slotow R. The effect of mature elephant bull introduction of ranging patterns of resident bulls: Phinda Private Game Reserve, South Africa. Koedoe 49 (2006) 77-84
11. Garai M.E., Slotow R., Carr R.D., and Reilly B. Elephant reintroductions to small fenced reserves in South Africa. Pachyderm 37 (2004) 28-36
12. Hoare R. Management implications of new research on problem elephants. Pachyderm 30 (2001) 44-48
13. Hooge P.N., and Eichlenlaub B. Animal Movement Extension to ArcView Version 1.1 (1997), Alaska Biological Science Center, US Geological Survey, Anchorage
14. Kerley G.I.H., Landman M., Kruger L., Owen-Smith N., Balfour D., de Boer W.F., Gaylard A., Lindsay K., and Slotow R. Effects of elephant on ecosystems and biodiversity. In: Scholes R.J., and Mennell K.G. (Eds). Assessment of South African Elephant Management (2008), Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg 146-204
15. Lötter H.P.P., Henley M., Fakir S., Pickover M., and Ramose M. Ethical considerations in elephant management. In: Scholes R.J., and Mennell K.G. (Eds). Assessment of South African Elephant Management (2008), Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg
16. Mackey R.L., Page B.R., Duffy K.J., and Slotow R. Modelling elephant population growth in small, fenced, South African reserves. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 36 (2006) 33-43
17. Maude, G., 2005. The comparative Ecology of the Brown Hyaena (Hyaena brunnea) in Makgadikgadi National Park and neighboring Community cattle area in Botswana. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
18. Mpanduji D.G., Hofer H., Hilderbrandt T.B., Goeritz F., and East M.L. Movement of elephants in the Selous-Niassa wildlife corridor, southern Tanzania. Pachyderm 33 (2002) 18-31
19. Novellie P., Hall-Martin A.J., and Joubert D. The problem of maintaining large herbivores in small conservation areas: deterioration of the grassveld in the Addo Elephant National Park. Koedoe 34 (1991) 41-50
20. Osborn F.V., and Parker G.E. Linking two elephant refuges with a corridor in the communal lands of Zimbabwe. African Journal of Ecology 41 (2003) 68-74
21. Owen-Smith N., Kerley G.I.H., Page B., Slotow R., and van Aarde R.J. A scientific perspective on the management of elephants in the Kruger National Park and elsewhere. South African Journal of Science 102 (2006) 389-394
22. Plumptre A.J., Kujirakwinja D., Treves A., Owiunji I., and Rainer H. Transboundary conservation in the greater Virunga landscape: its importance for landscape species. Biological Conservation 134 (2007) 279-287
23. Pretoruis, Y., 2004. Stress in the African elephant on Mabula Game Reserve, South Africa. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa.
24. Repton, M., 2007. Vegetation utilization by elephants in the Mkhuzi and Phinda Game Reserves. M.Sc. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
25. Seaman D.R., and Powell R.A. An evaluation of the accuracy of kernel density estimators for home range analysis. Ecology 77 (1996) 2075-2085
26. Shannon G., Page B.R., Duffy K.J., and Slotow R. The role of foraging behaviour in the sexual segregation of the African elephant. Oecologia 150 (2006) 344-354
27. Shannon G., Page B.R., Mackey R.L., Duffy K.J., and Slotow R. Activity budgets and sexual segregation in African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Journal of Mammalogy 89 (2008) 467-476
28. Slotow R., and van Dyk G. Role of delinquent young "orphan" male elephants in high mortality of white rhinoceros in Pilanesberg National Park, South Africa. Koedoe 44 (2001) 85-94
29. Slotow R., and van Dyk G. Ranging of older male elephants introduced to an existing small population without older males: Pilanesberg National Park. Koedoe 47 (2004) 91-104
30. Slotow R., Genis H., Page B., and Pretorius K. Managing elephants in small reserves: Phinda as a case study. Ecological Journal 6 (2004) 56-59
31. Slotow R., Garai M.E., Reilly B., Page B., and Carr R.D. Population ecology of elephants re-introduced to small fences reserves in South Africa. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 35 (2005) 23-32
32. Stokke S., and du Toit J. Sex and size related differences in the dry season feeding patterns of elephants in Chobe National Park, Botswana. Ecography 23 (2000) 70-80
33. Stokke S., and du Toit J. Sexual segregation in habitat use by elephants in Chobe National Park, Botswana. African Journal of Ecology 40 (2002) 360-371
34. van Aarde R.J., and Jackson T.P. Megaparks for metapopulations: addressing the causes of locally high elephant numbers in southern Africa. Biological Conservation 134 (2007) 289-297
35. van Aarde R., Whyte I., and Pimm S. Culling and the dynamics of the Kruger National Park African elephant population. Animal Conservation 2 (1999) 287-294
36. Western D. The ecological role of elephants in Africa. Pachyderm 12 (1989) 42-45
37. Whitehouse A.M., and Schoeman D.S. Ranging behaviour of elephants within a small, fenced area in Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa. African Zoology 38 (2003) 95-108
38. Worton B.J. Kernel methods for estimating the utilization distribution in home-range studies. Ecology 70 (1989) 164-168