Seismic-reflection images of the crust beneath the 2001 M = 7.7 Kutch (Bhuj) epicentral region, western India

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 425, Issue , 2007, Pages 319-327

  Sarkar, D ^a   Sain, K ^a   Reddy, P R ^a   Catchings, R D ^b   Mooney, W D ^b  

^a NATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (India)

^b U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bhuj earthquake; Crustal thickness; India; Seismic reflection

Indexed keywords

SEISMIC WAVES; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY;

CRUSTAL THICKENINGS; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; EARTHQUAKE EPICENTER; EPICENTRAL REGION; INDIA; MAGMATIC INTRUSIONS; SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILES; SEISMIC REFLECTIONS;

EARTHQUAKES;

AFTERSHOCK; CRUST-MANTLE BOUNDARY; CRUSTAL THICKENING; EARTHQUAKE EPICENTER; FAULTING; IMAGE ANALYSIS; MESOZOIC; RIFTING; SEISMIC REFLECTION;

ARABIAN SEA; BHUJ; GUJARAT; GULF OF KUTCH; INDIA; INDIAN OCEAN;

EID: 54949120706     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/2007.2425(20)     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Antolik, M., and Dreger, D., 2003, Rupture process of the 26 January 2001 Mw 7.6 Bhuj, India, earthquake from teleseismic broadband data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, p. 1235-1248, doi: 10.1785/0120020142.
2. Audebert, F., Nichols, D., Rekdal, T., Biondi, B., Lumley, D., and Urdaneta, H., 1997, Imaging complex geologic structure with single-arrival Kirchhoff prestack depth migration: Geophysics, v. 62, p. 1533-1543, doi: 10.1190/1.1444256.
3. Biswas, S.K., 1987, Regional tectonic framework, structure, and evolution of the western marginal basins of India: Tectonophysics, v. 135, p. 307-327, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(87)90115-6.
4. Biswas, S.K., 2005, A review of structure and tectonics of Kutch Basin, western India, with special reference to earthquakes: Current Science, v. 88, p. 1592-1600.
5. Chandrasekhar, D.V., Mishra, D.C., Singh, B., Vijayakumar, V., and Bürgmann, R., 2004, Source parameters of the Bhuj earthquake, India of January 26, 2001, from height and gravity changes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, p. L19608, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020768.
6. Chiu, J.M., Johnston, A.C., and Yang, Y.T., 1992, Imaging of the active faults of the central New Madrid seismic zone using PANDA array data: Seismo- logical Research Letters, v. 63, p. 375-393.
7. Chung, W.P., and Gao, H., 1995, Source parameters of the Anjar earthquake of July 21, 1956, India, and its seismotectonic implications for the Kutch rift basin: Tectonophysics, v. 242, p. 281-292, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951- (94)00203-L.
8. Gaetani, M., and Garzanti, E., 1991, Multicyclic history of the northern India continental margin (northwestern Himalaya): American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 75, p. 1427-1446.
9. Garzanti, E., Critelli, S., and Ingersoll, R.V., 1996, Paleogeographic and paleo- tectonic evolution of the Himalayan range as reflected by detrital modes of Tertiary sandstones and modern sands (Indus transect, India and Pakistan): Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 108, p. 631-642, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0631:PAPEOT>2.3.CO;2.
10. Grana, J.P., and Richardson, R.M., 1996, Tectonic stress within the New Madrid seismic zone: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 101, p. 5445-5458, doi: 10.1029/95JB03255.
11. Grollimund, B., and Zoback, M.D., 2001, Did glaciation trigger intraplate seismicity in the New Madrid seismic zone?: Geology, v. 29, p. 175-178, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0175:DDTISI>2.0.CO;2.
12. Gupta, H.K., Purnachandra Rao, N., Rastogi, B.K., and Sarkar, D., 2001, The deadliest intraplate earthquake: Science, v. 291, p. 2101-2102, doi: 10.1126/science.1060197.
13. Hamilton, W.B., 1989, Crustal processes of the United States, in Pakiser, L.C., and Mooney, W.D., eds., Geophysical Framework of the Continental United States: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Memoir 172, p. 760-780.
14. Kaila, K.L., and Sain, K., 1997, Variation of crustal velocity structure in India as determined from DSS studies and their implications on regional tectonics: Journal of the Geological Society of India, v. 49, p. 395-407.
15. Kaila, K.L., Gaur, V.K., and Narain, H., 1972, Quantitative seismicity maps of India: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 62, p. 1119-1132.
16. Kayal, J.R., Zhao, D., Mishra, O.P., De, R., and Singh, O.P., 2002, The 2001 Bhuj earthquake: Tomographic evidence for fluids at the hypocenter and its implications for rupture nucleation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 29, p. 2152-2155, doi: 10.1029/2002GL015177.
17. Klootwijk, C.T., Gee, J.S., Peirce, J.W., Smith, G.M., and McFadden, P.L., 1992, An early India-Asia contact: Paleomagnetic constraints from Ninetyeast Ridge: Geology, v. 20, p. 395-398, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1992) 020<0395:AEIACP>2.3.CO;2.
18. Lafond, C.F., and Levander, A., 1995, Migration of wide-aperture onshore-offshore seismic data, central California: Seismic images of late stage subduction: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 100, p. 22,231-22,243, doi: 10.1029/95JB01968.
19. Leech, M., Singh, S., Jain, A.K., Klemperer, S.L., and Manickavasagam, R.M., 2005, The onset of India-Asia continental collision: Early, steep subduction required by the timing of UHP metamorphism in the western Himalaya: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 234, no. 1-2, p. 83-97, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.038.
20. Li, Q., Liu, M., and Yang, Y., 2002, The 01/26/2001 Bhuj earthquake: Intraplate or interplate?, in Stein, S., and Freymueller, J., eds., Plate Boundary Zones: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union Geodynamic Monograph 30, p. 255-264.
21. Li, Q., Liu, M., Zhang, Q., and Sandoval, E., 2007, Stress evolution and seismicity in the central-eastern USA: Insights from geodynamic modeling, in Stein, S., and Mazzotti, S., eds., Continental Intraplate Earthquakes: Geological Society of America Special Paper 425, doi: 10.1130/2007.2425(11).
22. Liu, L., and Zoback, M.D., 1997, Lithospheric strength and intraplate seismic- ity in the New Madrid seismic zone: Tectonics, v. 16, p. 585-595, doi: 10.1029/97TC01467.
23. Lueschen, E., Wenzel, F., Sandmeier, K.J., Menges, D., Ruehl, T., Stiller, M., Janoth, W., Keller, F., Soellner, W., Thomas, R., Krohe, A., Stenger, R., Fuchs, K., Wilhelm, H., and Eisbacher, G., 1987, Near-vertical and wide-angle seismic surveys in the Black Forest, SW Germany: Journal of Geophysics, v. 62, p. 1-30.
24. Malik, J.N., Sohoni, P.S., Merh, S.S., and Karanth, R.V., 2000, Palaeoseismology and neotectonism of Kachchh, western India, in Okumura, K., Goto, H., and Takada, K., eds., Active Fault Research for the New Millennium: Proceedings of the Hokudan International Symposium and School on Active Faulting: Hyogo, Japan, Hokudan Co. Ltd., p. 251-259.
25. Mandal, P., and Rastogi, B.K., 2005, Self-organized fractal seismicity and b value of aftershocks of the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Kutch (India): Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 162, no. 1, p. 53-72, doi: 10.1007/s00024-004-2579-1.
26. Mandal, P., Rastogi, B.K., Satyanarayana, V.S., and Kousalya, M., 2004, Results from local earthquake velocity tomography: Implications toward the source process involved in generating the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in the lower crust beneath Kachchh (India): Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 2, p. 633-649, doi: 10.1785/0120030056.
27. McKenna, J., Stein, S., and Stein, C., 2006, Is the New Madrid seismic zone hotter and weaker than its surroundings?, in Stein, S., and Mazzotti, S., eds., Continental Intraplate Earthquakes: Geological Society of America Special Paper 425, doi: 10.1130/2007.2425(12).
28. Mechie, J., Keller, G.R., Prodehl, C., Gaciri, S., Braile, L.W., Mooney, W.D., Gajewski, D., and Sandmeier, K.J., 1994, Crustal structure beneath the Kenya Rift from axial profile data, in Prodehl, C., Keller, G.R., and Khan, M.A., eds., Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the Kenya Rift: Tecto- nophysics, v. 236, p. 179-199.
29. Milkereit, B., Epili, D., Green, A.G., Mereu, R.F., Morel-a-l'Huissier, P., 1990, Migration of wide-angle seismic reflection data from the Grenville Front in Lake Huron: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, p. 10,987-10,998.
30. Mishra, O.P., and Zhao, D., 2003, Crack density, saturation rate and porosity at the 2001 Bhuj, India, earthquake hypocenter: A fluid-driven earthquake?: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 212, no. 3-4, p. 393-405, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00285-1.
31. Mooney, W.D., and Christensen, N.I., 1994, Composition of the crust beneath the Kenya Rift: Tectonophysics, v. 236, p. 391-408, doi: 10.1016/0040- 1951(94)90186-4.
32. Mooney, W.D., and Meissner, R., 1992, Multi-genetic origin of crustal reflectivity: A review of seismic reflection profiling of the continental lower crust and Moho, in Fountain, D.M., Arculus, R., and Kay, R.W., eds., The Lower Continental Crust: Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 45-79.
33. Mooney, W.D., Andrews, M.C., Ginzburg, A., Peters, D.A., and Hamilton, R.M., 1983, Crustal structure of the northern Mississippi Embayment and a comparison with other continental rift zones: Tectonophysics, v. 94, p. 327-348, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(83)90023-9.
34. National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), 2000, Integrated geophysical studies for hydrocarbon exploration, Kutch, India: Hyderabad, India, Technical Report NGRI-2000-EXP-296, 195 p.
35. Negishi, H., Mori, J., Sato, T., Singh, R., Kumar, S., and Hirata, N., 2002, Size and orientation of the fault plane for the 2001 Gujarat, India, earthquake (Mw7.7) from aftershock observations: A high stress drop event: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 29, no. 20, p. 1949-1952, doi: 10.1029/2002GL015280.
36. Newman, A., Stein, S., Weber, J., Engeln, J., Mao, A., and Dixon, T., 1999, Slow deformation and low seismic hazard at the New Madrid seismic zone: Science, v. 284, p. 619-621, doi: 10.1126/science.284.5414.619.
37. Ni, J., and Barazangi, M., 1984, Seismotectonics of the Himalayan collision zone: Geometry of the underthrusting Indian plate beneath the Himalaya: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 89, no. B2, p. 1147-1163.
38. Pilipenko, V.N., Pavlenkova, N.I., and Luosto, U., 1999, Wide-angle reflection migration technique with an example from the POLAR profile (northern Scandinavia): Tectonophysics, v. 308, p. 445-457, doi: 10.1016/S0040- 1951(99)00144-4.
39. Rajendran, C.P., and Rajendran, K., 2001, Characteristics of deformation and past seismicity associated with the 1819 Kutch earthquake, northwestern India: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, p. 407426, doi: 10.1785/0119990162.
40. Raphael, A., and Bodin, P., 2002, Relocating aftershocks of the 26 January 2001, Bhuj earthquake in western India: Seismological Research Letters, v. 73, no. 3, p. 417-418.
41. Rastogi, B.K., 2004, Damage due to the Mw 7.7 Kutch, India, earthquake of 2001: Tectonophysics, v. 390, no. 1-4, p. 85-103, doi: 10.1016/ j.tecto.2004.03.030.
42. Rowley, D.B., 1996, Age of initiation of collision between India and Asia: A review of stratigraphic data: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 145, p. 1-13, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00201-4.
43. Sain, K., and Kaila, K.L., 1994, Inversion of wide angle seismic reflection travel times with a damped least squares technique: Geophysics, v. 59, p. 1735-1744, doi: 10.1190/1.1443560.
44. Sarkar, D., Chandrakala, K., Padmavathi Devi, P., Sridhar, A.R., Sain, K., and Reddy, P.R., 2001, Crustal velocity structure of western Dharwar craton, south India: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 31, p. 227-241, doi: 10.1016/S0264-3707(00)00021-1.
45. Sarkar, D., Ravikumar, M., Saul, J., Kind, R., Raju, P.S., Chadha, R.K., and Shukla, A.K., 2003, A receiver function perspective of the Dharwar craton (India) crustal structure: Geophysical Journal of the Interior, v. 154, p. 205-211.
46. Schulte, S.M., and Mooney, W.D., 2005, An updated global earthquake catalogue for stable continental regions: Reassessing the correlation with ancient rifts: Geophysical Journal of the Interior, v. 161, p. 707-721, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02554.x.
47. Sibson, R.H., 1994, Crustal stress, faulting, and fluid flow, in Parnell, J., ed., Geofluids: Origins, Migration and Evolution of Fluids in Sedimentary Basins: Geological Society of London Special Publication 78, p. 69-84.
48. Sibson, R.H., 2002, Geology of the crustal earthquake source, in Lee, W.H.K., Kanamori, K., Jennings, P.C., and Kisslinger, C., eds., International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part A: Amsterdam, Academic Press, p. 455-473.
49. Smithson, S.B., and Johnson, R.A., 1989, Crustal structure of the western US based on reflection seismology, in Pakiser, L.C., and Mooney, W.D., eds., The Geophysical Framework of the Continental United States: Geological Society of America Memoir 172, p. 345-368.
50. Stein, S., and Newman, A., 2004, Characteristic and uncharacteristic earthquakes as possible artifacts: Applications to the New Madrid and Wabash seismic zones: Seismological Research Letters, v. 75, p. 173-187.
51. Stein, S., Sella, G., and Okal, E., 2002, The January 26, 2001, Bhuj earthquake and the diffuse western boundary of the Indian plate, in Stein, S., and Freymueller, J., eds., Plate Boundary Zones: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union Geodynamics Monograph 30, p. 243-254.
52. Tuttle, M., Johnston, A., Patterson, G., Tucker, K., Rajendra, C.P., Rajendran, K., Thakkar, M., and Schweig, E., 2001, Liquefaction induced by the 2001 Republic Day earthquake, India: Seismological Research Letters, v. 72, no. 3, p. 397.
53. Yilmaz, O., and Doherty, S.M., 1987, Seismic Data Processing: Tulsa, Oklahoma, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 440 p.
54. Zelt, B.C., Talwani, M., and Zelt, C.A., 1998, Prestack depth migration of dense wide-angle seismic data: Tectonophysics, v. 286, p. 193-208, doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00265-5.