Selection toward shorter flowers by butterflies whose probosces are shorter than floral tubes

Ecology

Volumn 89, Issue 9, 2008, Pages 2453-2460

  Bloch, Daniel ^a   Erhardt, Andreas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Butterfly pollination; Coevolution; Dianthus carthusianorum; Generalization; Inachis io L.; Mechanical fit; Melanargia galathea L.; Pollination efficiency; Pollinator effectiveness; Pollinator mediated selection; Proboscis length; Specialization

Indexed keywords

BUTTERFLY; COEVOLUTION; FLORAL TRAIT; FLOWER; MONOCOTYLEDON; POLLINATOR; PREDICTION; SHAPE;

DIANTHUS CARTHUSIANORUM; DIANTHUS CARYOPHYLLUS; EPIDENDRUM; INACHIS; INACHIS IO; MELANARGIA GALATHEA; ORCHIDACEAE; PAPILIONOIDEA;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BUTTERFLY; CARNATION; FLOWER; GENETIC SELECTION; GENETICS; HISTOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY;

ANIMALS; BUTTERFLIES; DIANTHUS; FLOWERS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; SELECTION (GENETICS);

EID: 54549102369     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/06-2023.1     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Aigner, P. A. 2001. Optimality modeling and fitness trade-offs: When should plants become pollinator specialists? Oikos 95: 177-184.
2. Alexandersson, R., and S. D. Johnson. 2002. Pollinator-mediated selection on flower-tube length in a hawkmoth-pollinated Gladiolus (Iridaceae). Proceedings of the Roval Society B 269:631-636.
3. Armbruster, W. S. 1988. Multilevel comparative analysis of the morphology, function, and evolution of Dalechampia blossoms. Ecology 69:1746-1761.
4. Armbruster, W. S., and B. G. Baldwin. 1998. Switch from specialized to generalized pollination. Nature 394:632.
5. Beattie, A. J. 1971. Technique for study of insect-borne pollen. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 47:82.
6. Bloch, D. 2000. Frequency-dependent selection and assortative mating: Mechanisms for speciation in Dianthus? Thesis. University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
7. Bloch, D., N. Werdenberg, and A. Erhardt. 2006. Pollination crisis in the butterfly-pollinated wild carnation Dianthus carthusianorum? New Phytologist 169:699-706.
8. Campbell, D. R. 1996. Evolution of floral traits in a hermaphroditic plant: field measurements of heritabilities and genetic correlations. Evolution 50:1442-1453.
9. Campbell, D. R., N. M. Waser, and M. V. Price. 1994. Indirect selection of stigma position in Ipomopsis aggregata via a genetically correlated trait. Evolution 48:55-68.
10. Campbell, D. R., N. M. Waser. and M. V. Price. 1996. Mechanisms of hummingbird-mediated selection for flower width in Ipomopsis aggregata. Ecology 77:1463-1472.
11. Castellanos, M. C., P. Wilson, and J. D. Thomson. 2003. Pollen transfer by hummingbirds and bumblebees, and the divergence of pollination modes in Penstemon. Evolution 57:2742-2752.
12. Cresswell, J. E. 1998. Stabilizing selection and the structural variability of flowers within species. Annals of Botany 81: 463-473.
13. Darwin, C. 1862. On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects. Murray, London, UK.
14. Faegri, K., and L. van der Pijl. 1979. The principles of pollination ecology. Third revised edition. Pergamon, Oxford, UK.
15. Fenster, C. B., W. S. Armbruster, P. Wilson, M. R. Dudash, and J. D. Thomson. 2004. Pollination syndromes and floral specialization. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics 35:375-403.
16. Fulton, M., and S. A. Hodges. 1999. Floral isolation between Aquilegia formosa and Aquilegia pubescens. Proceedigns of the Royal Society B 266:2247-2252.
17. Galen, C., and M. E. A. Newport. 1987. Bumble bee behavior and selection on flower size in the sky pilot, Polemonium viscosum. Oecologia 74:20-23.
18. Grant, V., and K. A. Grant. 1965. Flower pollination in the phlox family, Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA.
19. Hegi, G. 1979. Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa. Band III, Teil 2, 2 Aufl. Spermatophyta: Angiospermae: Dicotyledonae 1. Parey, Berlin, Germany.
20. Herrera, C. M. 1987. Components of pollinator quality-comparative- analysis of a diverse insect assemblage. Oikos 50:79-90.
21. Herrera, C. M. 1989. Pollinator abundance, morphology, and flower visitation rate - analysis of the quantity component in a plant-pollinator system. Oecologia 80:241-248.
22. Herrera, C. M. 1993. Selection on floral morphology and environmental determinants of fecundity in a hawk-moth-pollinated violet. Ecological Monographs 63:251-275.
23. Hurlbert, A. H., S. A. Hosoi, E. J. Temeles, and P. W. Ewald. 1996. Mobility of Impatiens capensis flowers: effect on pollen deposition and hummingbird foraging. Oecologia 105:243-246.
24. Johnson, S. D., and K. E. Steiner. 1997. Long-tongued fly pollination and evolution of floral spur length in the Disa draconis complex (Orchidaceae). Evolution 51:45-53.
25. Johnson, S. D., and K. E. Steiner. 2000. Generalization versus specialization in plant pollination systems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15:140-143.
26. Knuth, P. 1898. Handbuch der Bluetenbiologic II, 1. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, Germany.
27. Lande, R., and S. J. Arnold. 1983. The measurement of selection on correlated characters. Evolution 37:1210-1226.
28. Lertzman, K. P., and C. L. Gass. 1983. Alternative models of pollen transfer. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York, USA.
29. Luyt, R., and S. D. Johnson. 2001. Hawkmoth pollination of the African epiphytic orchid Mystacidium venosum, with special reference to flower and pollen longevity. Plant Systematics and Evolution 228:49-62.
30. Maad, J. 2000. Phenotypic selection in hawkmoth-pollinated Platanthera bifolia: targets and fitness surfaces. Evolution 54: 112-123.
31. Memmott, J. 1999. The structure of a plant-pollinator food web. Ecology Letters 2:276-280.
32. Mitchell-Olds, T., and R. G. Shaw. 1987. Regression analysis of natural selection - statistical inference and biological interpretation. Evolution 41:1149-1161.
33. Mousseau, T. A., and D. A. Roff. 1987. Natural selection and the heritability of fitness components. Heredity 59:181-197.
34. Nilsson, L. A. 1988. The evolution of flowers with deep corolla tubes. Nature 334:147-149.
35. Ollerton, J. 1996. Reconciling ecological processes with phylogenetic patterns: the apparent paradox of plant-pollinator systems. Journal of Ecology 84:767-769.
36. Ollerton, J. 1998. Pollination - sunbird surprise for syndromes. Nature 394:726-727.
37. Olsen, K. M. 1997. Pollination effectiveness and pollinator importance in a population of Heterotheca subaxillaris (Asteraceae). Oecologia 109:114-121.
38. Pettersson, M. W. 1991. Pollination by a guild of fluctuating moth populations - option for unspecialization in Silene vulgaris. Journal of Ecology 79:591-604.
39. Phillips, P. C., and S. J. Arnold. 1989. Visualizing multivariate selection. Evolution 43:1209-1222.
40. Pinheiro, J. C., and D. M. Bates, 2000. Mixed-effects models in S and S-PLUS. Springer, New York, New York, USA.
41. Price, M. V., and N. M. Waser. 1982. Experimental studies of pollen carryover - hummingbirds and Ipomopsis aggregata. Oecologia 54:353-358.
42. Price, M. V., N. M. Waser, R. E. Irwin, D. R. Campbell, and A. K. Brody. 2005. Temporal and spatial variation in pollination of a montane herb: a seven-year study. Ecology 86:2106-2116.
43. R Development Core Team. 2003. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria.
44. Robertson, J. L., and R. Wyatt. 1990. Evidence for pollination ecotypes in the yellow-fringed orchid, Platanthera ciliaris. Evolution 44:121-133.
45. Schemske, D. W., and C. C. Horvitz. 1989. Temporal variation in selection on a floral character. Evolution 43:461-465.
46. Stebbins, G. L. 1970. Adaptive radiation of reproductive characteristics in angiosperms. I: Pollination mechanisms. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1:307-326.
47. Sugden, E. A. 1986. Anthecology and pollinator efficacy of Styrax officinale subsp. redivivum (Styracaceae). American Journal of Botany 73:919-930.
48. Temeles, E. J. 1996. A new dimension to hummingbird-flower relationships. Oecologia 105:517-523.
49. Vogel, S. 1954. Blütenbiologische Typen als Elemente der Sippengliederung. Fischer, Jena, Germany.
50. Waser, N. M., L. Chittka, M. V. Price, N. M. Williams, and J. Ollerton. 1996. Generalization in pollination systems, and why it matters. Ecology 77:1043-1060.
51. Wilson, P. 1995. Selection for pollination success and the mechanical fit of Impatiens flowers around bumblebee bodies. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 55:355-383.
52. Wilson, P., M. C. Castellanos, J. N. Hogue, J. D. Thomson, and W. S. Armbruster. 2004. A multivariate search for pollination syndromes among penstemons. Oikos 104:345-361.
53. Young, H. J. 1988. Differential importance of beetle species pollinating Dieffenbachia longispatha (Araceae). Ecology 69: 832-844.