Pollen transfer by hummingbirds and bumblebees, and the divergence of pollination modes in Penstemon

Evolution

Volumn 57, Issue 12, 2003, Pages 2742-2752

  Castellanos, Maria Clara ^a,b   Wilson, Paul ^c   Thomson, James D ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^c CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bumblebee; Floral evolution; Hummingbird; Penstemon; Pollen removal and deposition; Pollination; Pollinator shifts

Indexed keywords

ENTOMOPHILY; EVOLUTION; FLORAL TRAIT; ORNITHOPHILY; POLLINATION;

ANIMALIA; APOIDEA; AVES; PENSTEMON; PENSTEMON BARBATUS; PENSTEMON STRICTUS; TROCHILIDAE;

EID: 0347135850     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb01516.x     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Aigner, P. A. 2001. Optimality modeling and fitness trade-offs: When should plants become pollinator specialists? Oikos 95: 177-184.
2. Beattie, A. J. 1971. A technique for the study of insect-borne pollen. Pan-Pac. Entomol. 47:82.
3. Brown, J. H., and A. Kodric-Brown. 1979. Convergence, competition, and mimicry in a temperate community of hummingbird-pollinated flowers. Ecology 60:1022-1035.
4. Campbell, D. R., N. M. Waser, M. V. Price, E. A. Lynch, and R. J. Mitchell. 1991. Components of phenotypic selection: pollen export and flower corolla width in Ipomopsis aggregata. Evolution 45:1458-1467.
5. Campbell, D. R., N. M. Waser, and M. V. Price. 1994. Indirect selection of stigma position in Ipomopsis aggregata via a genetically correlated trait. Evolution 48:55-68.
6. Castellanos, M., P. Wilson, and J. Thomson. 2002. Dynamic nectar replenishment in flowers of Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae). Am. J. Bot. 89:111-118.
7. Conner, J. K., R. Davis, and S. Rush. 1995. The effect of wild radish floral morphology on pollination efficiency by four taxa of pollinators. Oecologia 104:234-245.
8. Consul, P. C., and G. C. Jain. 1973. A generalization of the Poisson distribution. Technometrics 15:791-799.
9. Crosswhite, F. S. 1967. Revision of Penstemon section Habroanthus (Scrophulariaceae) Conspectus. Am. Midl. Nat. 77:1-11.
10. Cruden, R. W. 1972. Pollinators in high-elevation ecosystems: relative effectiveness of birds and bees. Science 176:1439-1440.
11. Dieringer, G., and L. Cabrera. 2002. The interaction between pollinator size and the bristle staminode of Penstemon digitalis (Scrophulariaceae). Am. J. Bot. 89:991-997.
12. Faegri, K., and L. van der Pijl. 1979. The principles of pollination ecology. 3rd ed. Pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K.
13. Fenster, C. B., W. S. Armbruster, P. Wilson, M. R. Dudash, and J. D. Thomson. 2004. Pollination syndromes and floral specialization. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. In press.
14. Fulton, M., and S. A. Hodges. 1999. Floral isolation between Aquilegia formosa and Aquilegia pubescens. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 266:2247-2252.
15. Gegear, R. J., and T. M. Laverty. 1998. How many flower types can bumble bees work at the same time? Can. J. Zool. 76: 1358-1365.
16. Harder, L. D. 1990a. Behavioral responses by bumble bees to variation in pollen availability. Oecologia 85:41-47.
17. _. 1990b. Pollen removal by bumble bees and its implications for pollen dispersal. Ecology 71:1110-1125.
18. Harder, L. D., and J. D. Thomson. 1989. Evolutionary options for maximizing pollen dispersal of animal-pollinated plants. Am. Nat. 133:323-344.
19. Harder, L. D., and W. G. Wilson. 1998. Theoretical consequences of heterogeneous transport conditions for pollen dispersal by animals. Ecology 79:2789-2807.
20. Hurlbert, A. H., S. A. Hosoi, E. J. Temeles, and P. W. Ewald. 1996. Mobility of Impatiens capensis flowers: effect on pollen deposition and hummingbird foraging. Oecologia 105:243-246.
21. Johnson, N. L., S. Kotz, and A. W. Kemp. 1992. Univariate discrete distributions. Wiley-Interscience, New York.
22. Keasar, T., U. Motro, Y. Shur, and A. Shmida. 1996. Overnight memory retention of foraging skills by bumblebees is imperfect. Anim. Behav. 52:95-104.
23. Klinkhamer, P. G. L., T. J. de Jong, and J. A. J. Metz. 1994. Why plants can be too attractive - a discussion of measures to estimate male fitness. J. Ecol. 82:191-194.
24. Lange, R. S., and P. E. Scott. 1999. Hummingbird and bee pollination of Penstemon pseudospectabilis. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 126: 99-106.
25. Lertzman, K. P., and C. L. Gass. 1983. Alternative models of pollen transfer. Pp. 474-489 in C. E. Jones and R. J. Little, eds. Handbook of experimental pollination biology. Scientific and Academic Editions, New York.
26. Lloyd, D. G. 1984. Gender allocations in outcrossing plants. Pp. 277-300 in R. Dirzo and J. Sarukhán, eds. Perspectives on plant population ecology. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
27. Lloyd, D. G., and C. J. Webb. 1986. The avoidance of interference between the presentation of pollen and stigmas in angiosperms. 1. Dichogamy. NZ. J. Bot. 24:135-162.
28. Mitchell, R. J., and R. G. Shaw. 1993. Heritability of floral traits for the perennial wild flower Penstemon centranthifolius (Scrophulariaceae): clones and crosses. Heredity 71:185-192.
29. Mitchell, R. J., and N. M. Waser, 1992. Adaptive significance of Ipomopsis aggregata nectar production: pollination success of single flowers. Ecology 73:633-638.
30. Morris, W. F., M. V. Price, N. M. Waser, J. D. Thomson, B. Thomson, and D. A. Stratton. 1994. Systematic increase in pollen carryover and its consequences for geitonogamy in plant populations. Oikos 71:431-440.
31. Morris, W. F., M. Mangel, and F. R. Adler. 1995. Mechanisms of pollen deposition by insect pollinators. Evol. Ecol. 9:304-317.
32. Murcia, C. 1990. Effect of floral morphology and temperature on pollen receipt and removal in Ipomoea trichocarpa. Ecology 71: 1098-1109.
33. Nilsson, L. A. 1988. The evolution of flowers with deep corolla tubes. Nature 334:147-149.
34. Percival, M. S. 1955. The presentation of pollen in certain angiosperms and its collection by Apis mellifera. New Phytol. 54: 353-368.
35. Price, M. V., and N. M. Waser. 1982. Experimental studies of pollen carryover: hummingbirds and Ipomopsis aggregata. Oecologia 54:353-358.
36. Rademaker, M. C. J., T. J. de Jong, and P. G. L. Klinkhamer. 1997. Pollen dynamics of bumble-bee visitation on Echium vulgare. Funct. Ecol. 11:554-563.
37. Schemske, D. W., and H. D. Bradshaw. 1999. Pollinator preference and the evolution of floral traits in monkey flowers (Mimulus). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:11910-11915.
38. Sokal, R. R., and F. J. Rohlf. 1995. Biometry. 3rd ed. W.H. Freeman Company, New York.
39. Straw, R. M. 1956. Adaptive morphology of the Penstemon flower. Phytomorphology 6:112-119.
40. Thomson, J. D. 1986. Pollen transport and deposition by bumble bees in Erythronium: influences of floral nectar and bee grooming. J. Ecol. 74:329-341.
41. _. 2003. When is it mutualism? Am. Nat. 162:S1-S9.
42. Thomson, J. D., and B. Thomson. 1992. Pollen presentation and viability schedules in animal-pollinated plants: consequences for reproductive success. Pp. 1-24 in R. Wyatt, ed. Ecology and evolution of plant reproduction. Chapman and Hall, New York.
43. Thomson, J. D., P. Wilson, M. Valenzuela, and M. Malzone. 2000. Pollen presentation and pollination syndromes, with special reference to Penstemon. Plant Species Biol. 15:11-29.
44. Thorp, R. W. 2000. The collection of pollen by bees. Plant Syst. Evol. 222:211-223.
45. Waser, N. M. 1988. Comparative pollen and dye transfer by pollinators of Delphinium nelsonii. Funct. Ecol. 2:41-48.
46. Waser, N. M., L. Chittka, M. V. Price, N. M. Williams, and J. Ollerton. 1996. Generalization in pollination systems, and why it matters. Ecology 77:1043-1060.
47. Williams, N. M., and J. D. Thomson. 1998. Trapline foraging by bumble bees: III. Temporal patterns of visitation and foraging success at single plants. Behav. Ecol. 9:612-621.
48. Wilson, P., and J. D. Thomson. 1991. Heterogeneity among floral visitors leads to discordance between removal and deposition of pollen. Ecology 72:1503-1507.
49. _. 1996. How do flowers diverge? Pp. 88-111 in D. Lloyd and S. C. H. Barrett, eds. Floral biology. Chapman and Hall, New York.
50. Wilson, P., M. C. Castellanos, J. N. Hogue, J. D. Thomson, and W. S. Armbruster. 2003. A multivariate search for pollination syndromes among penstemons. Oikos. In press.
51. Wilson, P., M. C. Castellanos, A. D. Wolfe, and J. D. Thomson. In press. Shifts between bee- and bird-pollination among penstemons. In N. M. Waser and J. Ollerton, eds. Specialization and generalization in pollination systems. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
52. Wolfram Research. 1999. Mathematica 4.0. Wolfram Research, Champaign, IL.