메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 881-891

Strategies for improving performance in long duration events: Olympic distance triathlon

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION; CYCLING; EXERCISE; HEART RATE; HUMAN; LUNG VENTILATION; METABOLIC ACTIVATION; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; REVIEW; SPORTING EVENT; SWIMMING; TRIATHLON;

EID: 54249142125     PISSN: 01121642     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200838110-00001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (50)

References (63)
  • 2
    • 0344033600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors limiting maximal performance in humans
    • di Prampero PE. Factors limiting maximal performance in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2003; 90: 420-9
    • (2003) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.90 , pp. 420-429
    • di Prampero, P.E.1
  • 4
    • 0022538338 scopus 로고
    • The energy cost of human locomotion on land and in water
    • di Prampero PE. The energy cost of human locomotion on land and in water. Int J Sports Med 1986; 7: 55-72
    • (1986) Int J Sports Med , vol.7 , pp. 55-72
    • di Prampero, P.E.1
  • 5
    • 34250720073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human locomotion on ice: The evolution of ice-skating energetics through history
    • Formenti F, Minetti AE. Human locomotion on ice: the evolution of ice-skating energetics through history. J Exp Biol 2007; 210: 1825-33
    • (2007) J Exp Biol , vol.210 , pp. 1825-1833
    • Formenti, F.1    Minetti, A.E.2
  • 6
    • 0036100490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific aspects of contemporary triathlon
    • Bentley DJ, Millet GP, Vleck VE, et al. Specific aspects of contemporary triathlon. Sports Med 2002; 32: 345-59
    • (2002) Sports Med , vol.32 , pp. 345-359
    • Bentley, D.J.1    Millet, G.P.2    Vleck, V.E.3
  • 7
    • 0034907356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological demands of running during long distance runs and triathlons
    • Hausswirth C, Lehenaff D. Physiological demands of running during long distance runs and triathlons. Sports Med 2001; 31: 679-89
    • (2001) Sports Med , vol.31 , pp. 679-689
    • Hausswirth, C.1    Lehenaff, D.2
  • 9
    • 14844298702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical considerations in triathlon competition: Recommendations for triathlon organisers, competitors and coaches
    • Dallam GM, Jonas S, Miller TK. Medical considerations in triathlon competition: recommendations for triathlon organisers, competitors and coaches. Sports Med 2005; 35: 143-61
    • (2005) Sports Med , vol.35 , pp. 143-161
    • Dallam, G.M.1    Jonas, S.2    Miller, T.K.3
  • 10
    • 34547396001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of power output during cycling: Impact and mechanisms
    • Atkinson G, Peacock O, St Clair Gibson A, et al. Distribution of power output during cycling: impact and mechanisms. Sports Med 2007; 37 (8): 647-67
    • (2007) Sports Med , vol.37 , Issue.8 , pp. 647-667
    • Atkinson, G.1    Peacock, O.2    St Clair Gibson, A.3
  • 11
    • 13144249162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From catastrophe to complexity: A novel model of integrative central neural regulation of effort and fatigue during exercise in humans: summary and conclusions
    • Noakes TD, St Clair Gibson A, Lambert EV. From catastrophe to complexity: a novel model of integrative central neural regulation of effort and fatigue during exercise in humans: summary and conclusions. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39: 120-4
    • (2005) Br J Sports Med , vol.39 , pp. 120-124
    • Noakes, T.D.1    St Clair Gibson, A.2    Lambert, E.V.3
  • 12
    • 33746736391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of information processing between the brain and peripheral physiological systems in pacing and perception of effort
    • St Clair Gibson A, Lambert EV, Rauch LH, et al. The role of information processing between the brain and peripheral physiological systems in pacing and perception of effort. Sports Med 2006; 36: 705-22
    • (2006) Sports Med , vol.36 , pp. 705-722
    • St Clair Gibson, A.1    Lambert, E.V.2    Rauch, L.H.3
  • 13
    • 33645996035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic pacing strategies during the cycle phase of an Ironman triathlon
    • Abbiss CR, Quod MJ, Martin DT, et al. Dynamic pacing strategies during the cycle phase of an Ironman triathlon. Med Science Sports Exerc 2006; 38: 726-34
    • (2006) Med Science Sports Exerc , vol.38 , pp. 726-734
    • Abbiss, C.R.1    Quod, M.J.2    Martin, D.T.3
  • 14
    • 33847778765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceptability of power variation during a simulated hilly time trial
    • Atkinson G, Peacock O, Law M. Acceptability of power variation during a simulated hilly time trial. Int J Sports Med 2007; 28: 157-63
    • (2007) Int J Sports Med , vol.28 , pp. 157-163
    • Atkinson, G.1    Peacock, O.2    Law, M.3
  • 15
    • 33845895771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constant versus variable-intensity during cycling: Effects on subsequent running performance
    • Bernard T, Vercruyssen F, Mazure C, et al. Constant versus variable-intensity during cycling: effects on subsequent running performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007; 99: 103-11
    • (2007) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.99 , pp. 103-111
    • Bernard, T.1    Vercruyssen, F.2    Mazure, C.3
  • 16
    • 54249145398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular fatigue following constant versus variable-intensity endurance cycling in triathletes
    • Lepers R, Theurel J, Hausswirth C, et al. Neuromuscular fatigue following constant versus variable-intensity endurance cycling in triathletes. J Sci Med Sport 2007; 9: 125-36
    • (2007) J Sci Med Sport , vol.9 , pp. 125-136
    • Lepers, R.1    Theurel, J.2    Hausswirth, C.3
  • 17
    • 30344435292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power output during stage racing in professional road cycling
    • Vogt S, Heinrich L, Schumacher YO, et al. Power output during stage racing in professional road cycling. Med Science Sports Exerc 2006; 38: 147-51
    • (2006) Med Science Sports Exerc , vol.38 , pp. 147-151
    • Vogt, S.1    Heinrich, L.2    Schumacher, Y.O.3
  • 18
    • 0031821805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance and drag during drafting swimming in highly trained triathletes
    • Chatard JC, Chollet D, Millet GP. Performance and drag during drafting swimming in highly trained triathletes. Med Science Sports Exerc 1998; 30: 1276-80
    • (1998) Med Science Sports Exerc , vol.30 , pp. 1276-1280
    • Chatard, J.C.1    Chollet, D.2    Millet, G.P.3
  • 19
    • 0025882304 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic responses to drafting during front crawl swimming
    • Bassett DR, Flohr J, Duey WJ, et al. Metabolic responses to drafting during front crawl swimming. Med Science Sports Exerc 1991; 23: 744-7
    • (1991) Med Science Sports Exerc , vol.23 , pp. 744-747
    • Bassett, D.R.1    Flohr, J.2    Duey, W.J.3
  • 21
    • 0033883559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of drafting on stroking variations during swimming in elite male triathletes
    • Chollet D, Hue O, Auclair F, et al. The effects of drafting on stroking variations during swimming in elite male triathletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 82: 413-7
    • (2000) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.82 , pp. 413-417
    • Chollet, D.1    Hue, O.2    Auclair, F.3
  • 22
    • 0033870838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of drafting behind a two- or a six-beat kick swimmer in elite female triathletes
    • Millet GP, Chollet D, Chatard JC. Effects of drafting behind a two- or a six-beat kick swimmer in elite female triathletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 82: 465-71
    • (2000) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.82 , pp. 465-471
    • Millet, G.P.1    Chollet, D.2    Chatard, J.C.3
  • 23
    • 0042388113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drafting during swimming improves efficiency during subsequent cycling
    • Delextrat A, Tricot V, Bernard T, et al. Drafting during swimming improves efficiency during subsequent cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 1612-9
    • (2003) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.35 , pp. 1612-1619
    • Delextrat, A.1    Tricot, V.2    Bernard, T.3
  • 25
    • 0023573902 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cycling on running performance in triathletes
    • Kreider RB, Cundiff DJ, Hammet JB, et al. Effects of cycling on running performance in triathletes. Ann Sports Med 1988; 3: 220-5
    • (1988) Ann Sports Med , vol.3 , pp. 220-225
    • Kreider, R.B.1    Cundiff, D.J.2    Hammet, J.B.3
  • 26
    • 0034532790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of 3000-m swimming on subsequent 3-h cycling performance: Implications for ultraendurance triathletes
    • Laursen PB, Rhodes EC, Langill RH. The effects of 3000-m swimming on subsequent 3-h cycling performance: implications for ultraendurance triathletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 83: 28-33
    • (2000) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.83 , pp. 28-33
    • Laursen, P.B.1    Rhodes, E.C.2    Langill, R.H.3
  • 27
    • 30444435946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The consequences of swim, cycle, and run performance on overall result in elite Olympic distance triathlon
    • Vleck V, Bürgi A, Bentley DJ. The consequences of swim, cycle, and run performance on overall result in elite Olympic distance triathlon. Int J Sports Med 2006; 27: 43-8
    • (2006) Int J Sports Med , vol.27 , pp. 43-48
    • Vleck, V.1    Bürgi, A.2    Bentley, D.J.3
  • 28
    • 34249297022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of exercise intensity or drafting during swimming on subsequent cycling performance in triathletes
    • Bentley DJ, Libicz S, Jougla A, et al. The effects of exercise intensity or drafting during swimming on subsequent cycling performance in triathletes. J Sci Med Sport 2007; 10: 234-43
    • (2007) J Sci Med Sport , vol.10 , pp. 234-243
    • Bentley, D.J.1    Libicz, S.2    Jougla, A.3
  • 29
    • 0033831054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cycling on earth, in space, on the moon
    • di Prampero PE. Cycling on earth, in space, on the moon. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 82: 345-60
    • (2000) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.82 , pp. 345-360
    • di Prampero, P.E.1
  • 30
    • 0034979255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling human locomotion: Applications to cycling
    • Olds T. Modelling human locomotion: applications to cycling. Sports Med 2001; 31: 497-509
    • (2001) Sports Med , vol.31 , pp. 497-509
    • Olds, T.1
  • 33
    • 33846220155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamics characteristics as determinants of the drafting effect in cycling
    • Edwards AG, Byrnes WC. Aerodynamics characteristics as determinants of the drafting effect in cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39: 170-6
    • (2007) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.39 , pp. 170-176
    • Edwards, A.G.1    Byrnes, W.C.2
  • 34
    • 0345222528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cycling alone or in a sheltered position on subsequent running performance during a triathlon
    • Hausswirth C, Lehenaff D, Dreano P, et al. Effects of cycling alone or in a sheltered position on subsequent running performance during a triathlon. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999; 31: 599-604
    • (1999) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.31 , pp. 599-604
    • Hausswirth, C.1    Lehenaff, D.2    Dreano, P.3
  • 35
    • 0035098260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of two drafting modalities in cycling on running performance
    • Hausswirth C, Vallier JM, Lehénaff D, et al. Effect of two drafting modalities in cycling on running performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33: 385-90
    • (2001) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.33 , pp. 385-390
    • Hausswirth, C.1    Vallier, J.M.2    Lehénaff, D.3
  • 36
    • 0002404497 scopus 로고
    • The relation between oxygen requirement and speed in running
    • Sargent RM. The relation between oxygen requirement and speed in running. Proc R Soc 1926; 100: 10-22
    • (1926) Proc R Soc , vol.100 , pp. 10-22
    • Sargent, R.M.1
  • 37
    • 0015028096 scopus 로고
    • The influence of wind resistance in running and walking and the mechanical efficiency of work against horizontal or vertical forces
    • Pugh LG. The influence of wind resistance in running and walking and the mechanical efficiency of work against horizontal or vertical forces. J Physiol 1971; 213: 255-76
    • (1971) J Physiol , vol.213 , pp. 255-276
    • Pugh, L.G.1
  • 38
    • 0014779424 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen intake in track and treadmill running with observations on the effect of air resistance
    • Pugh LG. Oxygen intake in track and treadmill running with observations on the effect of air resistance. J Physiol 1970; 207: 823-35
    • (1970) J Physiol , vol.207 , pp. 823-835
    • Pugh, L.G.1
  • 39
    • 0344406687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cycling cadence on subsequent 3-km running performance in well-trained triathletes
    • Bernard T, Vercruyssen F, Grego F, et al. Effect of cycling cadence on subsequent 3-km running performance in well-trained triathletes. Br J Sports Med 2003; 37: 154-8
    • (2003) Br J Sports Med , vol.37 , pp. 154-158
    • Bernard, T.1    Vercruyssen, F.2    Grego, F.3
  • 40
    • 0036712951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The acute effects of prior cycling cadence on running performance and kinematics
    • Gottshall JS, Palmer BM. The acute effects of prior cycling cadence on running performance and kinematics. Med Science Sports Exerc 2002; 34: 1518-22
    • (2002) Med Science Sports Exerc , vol.34 , pp. 1518-1522
    • Gottshall, J.S.1    Palmer, B.M.2
  • 41
    • 0036193352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of cycling cadence on subsequent running performance in triathletes
    • Vercruyssen F, Brisswalter J, Hausswirth C. Influence of cycling cadence on subsequent running performance in triathletes. Med Science Sports Exerc 2002; 34: 530-6
    • (2002) Med Science Sports Exerc , vol.34 , pp. 530-536
    • Vercruyssen, F.1    Brisswalter, J.2    Hausswirth, C.3
  • 42
    • 0036898790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cycling experience and pedal cadence on the near-infrared spectroscopy parameters
    • Takaishi T, Ishida K, Katayama K, et al. Effect of cycling experience and pedal cadence on the near-infrared spectroscopy parameters. Med Science Sports Exerc 2002; 34: 2062-71
    • (2002) Med Science Sports Exerc , vol.34 , pp. 2062-2071
    • Takaishi, T.1    Ishida, K.2    Katayama, K.3
  • 43
    • 0030446268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal pedaling rate estimated from neuromuscular fatigue for cyclists
    • Takaishi T, Yasuda Y, Ono T, et al. Optimal pedaling rate estimated from neuromuscular fatigue for cyclists. Med Science Sports Exerc 1996; 28: 1492-7
    • (1996) Med Science Sports Exerc , vol.28 , pp. 1492-1497
    • Takaishi, T.1    Yasuda, Y.2    Ono, T.3
  • 45
    • 0030931970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cycling experience, aerobic power, and power output on preferred and most economical cycling cadences
    • Marsh AP, Martin PE. Effect of cycling experience, aerobic power, and power output on preferred and most economical cycling cadences. Med Science Sports Exerc 1997; 29: 1225-32
    • (1997) Med Science Sports Exerc , vol.29 , pp. 1225-1232
    • Marsh, A.P.1    Martin, P.E.2
  • 46
    • 0026600390 scopus 로고
    • Effect of internal work on the calculation of optimal pedaling rates
    • Widrick JJ, Freedson PS, Hamill J. Effect of internal work on the calculation of optimal pedaling rates. Med Science Sports Exerc 1992; 24: 376-82
    • (1992) Med Science Sports Exerc , vol.24 , pp. 376-382
    • Widrick, J.J.1    Freedson, P.S.2    Hamill, J.3
  • 47
    • 54249150734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle activation during cycling at different cadences: Effect of maximal strength capacity
    • Bieuzen F, Lepers R, Vercruyssen F, et al. Muscle activation during cycling at different cadences: Effect of maximal strength capacity. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2006; 20: 112-23
    • (2006) J Electromyogr Kinesiol , vol.20 , pp. 112-123
    • Bieuzen, F.1    Lepers, R.2    Vercruyssen, F.3
  • 49
    • 0008641479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetically optimal cadence versus freely-chosen cadence during cycling: Effect of exercise duration
    • Brisswalter J, Hausswirth C, Smith D, et al. Energetically optimal cadence versus freely-chosen cadence during cycling: effect of exercise duration. Int J Sports Med 2000; 20: 1-5
    • (2000) Int J Sports Med , vol.20 , pp. 1-5
    • Brisswalter, J.1    Hausswirth, C.2    Smith, D.3
  • 50
    • 0033766619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of neuromuscular fatigue after prolonged cycling exercise
    • Lepers R, Hausswirth C, Maffiuletti NA, et al. Evidence of neuromuscular fatigue after prolonged cycling exercise. Med Science Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 1880-6
    • (2000) Med Science Sports Exerc , vol.32 , pp. 1880-1886
    • Lepers, R.1    Hausswirth, C.2    Maffiuletti, N.A.3
  • 51
    • 0035586367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of exercise duration on optimal pedaling rate choice in triathletes
    • Vercruyssen F, Hausswirth C, Smith D, et al. Effect of exercise duration on optimal pedaling rate choice in triathletes. Can J Appl Physiol 2001; 26: 44-54
    • (2001) Can J Appl Physiol , vol.26 , pp. 44-54
    • Vercruyssen, F.1    Hausswirth, C.2    Smith, D.3
  • 52
    • 0033213746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between negative muscle work and pedaling rate
    • Neptune RR, Herzog W. The association between negative muscle work and pedaling rate. J Biomech 1999; 32: 1021-6
    • (1999) J Biomech , vol.32 , pp. 1021-1026
    • Neptune, R.R.1    Herzog, W.2
  • 53
    • 0023143224 scopus 로고
    • Physiological responses of triathletes to maximal swimming, cycling and running
    • Kohrt WM, Morgan DW, Bates B, et al. Physiological responses of triathletes to maximal swimming, cycling and running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1987; 19: 51-5
    • (1987) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.19 , pp. 51-55
    • Kohrt, W.M.1    Morgan, D.W.2    Bates, B.3
  • 54
    • 0028922553 scopus 로고
    • wetsuit effect: A comparison between competitive swimmers and triathletes
    • Chatard JC, Senegas X, Selles M, et al. wetsuit effect: a comparison between competitive swimmers and triathletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995; 27: 580-6
    • (1995) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.27 , pp. 580-586
    • Chatard, J.C.1    Senegas, X.2    Selles, M.3
  • 55
    • 0029810467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of wetsuit use in swimming events
    • Chatard JC, Millet GP. Effects of wetsuit use in swimming events. Sports Med 1996; 22: 70-5
    • (1996) Sports Med , vol.22 , pp. 70-75
    • Chatard, J.C.1    Millet, G.P.2
  • 56
    • 0025364671 scopus 로고
    • Differences in propelling efficiency between competitive and triathlon swimmers
    • Toussaint HM. Differences in propelling efficiency between competitive and triathlon swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990; 22: 409-15
    • (1990) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.22 , pp. 409-415
    • Toussaint, H.M.1
  • 57
    • 85008792991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conquering rubbery legs off the bike (part one)
    • Williams KR. Conquering rubbery legs off the bike (part one). Triathlon Multisport 2000; 3: 16-7
    • (2000) Triathlon Multisport , vol.3 , pp. 16-17
    • Williams, K.R.1
  • 58
    • 0030950527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of steady-state versus stochastic exercise on subsequent cycling performance
    • Palmer GS, Noakes T, Hawley JA. Effects of steady-state versus stochastic exercise on subsequent cycling performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997; 29: 684-7
    • (1997) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.29 , pp. 684-687
    • Palmer, G.S.1    Noakes, T.2    Hawley, J.A.3
  • 59
    • 0032836616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic and performance responses to constant-load vs. variable-intensity exercise in trained cyclists
    • Palmer GS, Borghouts LB, Noakes T, et al. Metabolic and performance responses to constant-load vs. variable-intensity exercise in trained cyclists. J Appl Physiol 1999; 87: 1186-96
    • (1999) J Appl Physiol , vol.87 , pp. 1186-1196
    • Palmer, G.S.1    Borghouts, L.B.2    Noakes, T.3
  • 60
    • 0033793552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pacing strategies during a cycling time trial with simulated headwinds and tailwinds
    • Atkinson G, Brunskill A. Pacing strategies during a cycling time trial with simulated headwinds and tailwinds. Ergonomics 2000; 43: 1449-60
    • (2000) Ergonomics , vol.43 , pp. 1449-1460
    • Atkinson, G.1    Brunskill, A.2
  • 61
    • 0030751636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model for optimizing cycling performance by varying power on hills and in wind
    • Swain DP. A model for optimizing cycling performance by varying power on hills and in wind. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997; 29: 1104-8
    • (1997) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.29 , pp. 1104-1108
    • Swain, D.P.1
  • 62
    • 54249128069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of different running strategies on running performance in Olympic distance triathlon
    • Jul 24-28; Athens
    • Hausswirth C, Bernard T, Vallier JM, et al. Effect of different running strategies on running performance in Olympic distance triathlon. Proceedings of the 7th annual congress of the ECSS; 2002 Jul 24-28; Athens: 183
    • (2002) Proceedings of the 7th annual congress of the ECSS , pp. 183
    • Hausswirth, C.1    Bernard, T.2    Vallier, J.M.3
  • 63
    • 85008852495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of cycling on muscle activation in the running leg of an Olympic distance triathlon
    • Heiden T, Burnett A. The effect of cycling on muscle activation in the running leg of an Olympic distance triathlon. Sports Biomech 2003; 2: 35-49
    • (2003) Sports Biomech , vol.2 , pp. 35-49
    • Heiden, T.1    Burnett, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.