Evaluation of Prescription Opioids Using Operant-Based Pain Measures in Rats

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

Volumn 16, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 367-375

  Morgan, Drake ^a,b,c   Carter, Christy S ^b,c,d   DuPree, Jameson P ^a,b   Yezierski, Robert P ^e   Vierck Jr , Charles J ^c  

^a Department of Health Sciences Research

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^d VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY   (United States)

Author keywords

operant; opioid induced hyperalgesia; reflex; thermal escape; thermal preference

Indexed keywords

FENTANYL; HYDROCODONE BITARTRATE PLUS PARACETAMOL; MORPHINE; NALOXONE; OPIATE; OXYCODONE;

ARTICLE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SCREENING; HUMAN; HYPERALGESIA; INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING; NOCICEPTION; NONHUMAN; OPIATE ADDICTION; PAIN; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PRESCRIPTION; RAT STRAIN; REFLEX; REINFORCEMENT; TREATMENT INDICATION;

ANALGESICS, OPIOID; ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; CONDITIONING, OPERANT; HOT TEMPERATURE; NALOXONE; NARCOTIC ANTAGONISTS; PAIN; PAIN MEASUREMENT; RATS; REINFORCEMENT (PSYCHOLOGY);

EID: 54049131425     PISSN: 10641297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0013520     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Angst M.S., and Clark J.D. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: A qualitative systematic review. Anesthesiology 104 (2006) 570-587
2. Ator N.A., and Griffiths R.R. Principles of drug abuse liability assessment in laboratory animals. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 70 (2003) S55-S72
3. Baliki M., Calvo O., Chialvo D.R., and Apkarian A.V. Spared nerve injury rats exhibit thermal hyperalgesia on an automated operant dynamic thermal escape task. Molecular Pain 1 (2005) 18
4. Ballantyne J.C. Opioid analgesia: Perspectives on right use and utility. Pain Physician 10 (2007) 479-491
5. Bernabei R., Gambassi G., Lapane K., Landi F., Gatsonis C., Dunlop R., et al. Management of pain in elderly patients with cancer. Journal of the American Medical Association 279 (1998) 1877-1882
6. Brattberg G., Parker M.G., and Thorslund M. A longitudinal study of pain: Reported pain from middle age to old age. Clinical Journal of Pain 13 (1997) 144-149
7. Brochet B., Michel P., Barberger-Gateau P., and Dartigues J.-F. Population-based study of pain in elderly people: A descriptive survey. Age and Ageing 27 (1998) 279-284
8. CASA. Under the counter: The diversion and abuse of controlled prescription drugs in the U.S. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University 1-214 (2005). http://www.casacolumbia.org/absolutenm/articlefiles/380-under_the_counter_-_diversion.pdf Retrieved April 28, 2008 from http://www.casacolumbia.org/absolutenm/articlefiles/380-under_the_counter_-_diversion.pdf
9. Cavalieri T.A. Pain management in the elderly. Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 102 (2002) 481-485
10. Chan S.H., and Lai Y.Y. Effects of aging on pain responses and analgesic efficacy of morphine and clonidine in rats. Experimental Neurology 75 (1982) 112-119
11. Chodosh J., Solomon D.H., Roth C.P., Chang J.T., MacLean C.H., Ferrell B.A., et al. The quality of medical care provided to vulnerable older patients with chronic pain. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52 (2004) 756-761
12. Chu L.F., Clark D.J., and Angst M.S. Opioid tolerance and hyperalgesia in chronic pain patients after one month of oral morphine therapy: A preliminary prospective study. The Journal of Pain 7 (2006) 43-48
13. Cicero T.J., Inciardi J.A., and Muñoz A. Trends in abuse of oxycontin and other opioid analgesics in the United States: 2002-2004. The Journal of Pain 6 (2005) 662-672
14. Clark J.D. Chronic pain prevalence and analgesic prescribing in a general medical population. Journal of Pain Symptom Management 23 (2002) 131-137
15. Collins R.J., and Weeks J.R. Relative potency of codeine, methadone and dihydromophinone to morphine in self-maintained addict rats. Naunyn Schmiedegerg's Archives of Pharmacology 249 (1965) 509-514
16. Collins R.J., Weeks J.R., Cooper M.M., Good P.I., and Russell R.R. Prediction of abuse liability of drugs using IV self-administration by rats. Psychopharmacology 82 (1984) 6-13
17. Cooper B.Y., and Vierck Jr. C.J. Vocalizations as measures of pain in monkeys. Pain 26 (1986) 393-408
18. Cooper B.Y., and Vierck Jr. C.J. Measurement of pain and morphine hypalgesia in monkeys. Pain 26 (1986) 361-392
19. Cooper B.Y., Vierck Jr. C.J., and Yeomans D.C. Selective reduction of second pain sensations by systemic morphine in humans. Pain 24 (1986) 93-116
20. Crisp T., Stafinsky J.L., Hoskins D.L., Dayal B., Chinrock K.M., and Uram M. Effects of aging on spinal opioid-induced antinociception. Neurobiology of Aging 15 (1994) 169-174
21. Crook J., Rideout E., and Browne G. The prevalence of pain complaints in a general population. Pain 18 (1984) 299-314
22. Davis M.P., and Srivastava M. Demographics, assessment and management of pain in the elderly. Drugs and Aging 20 (2003) 23-57
23. Deneau G., Yanagita T., and Seevers M.H. Self-administration of psychoactive substances by the monkey. Psychopharmacologia 16 (1969) 30-48
24. Devulder J., Richarz U., and Nataraja S.H. Impact of long-term use of opioids on quality of life in patients with chronic, non-malignant pain. Current Medical Research and Opinion 21 (2005) 1555-1568
25. Epstein D.H., Preston K.L., and Jasinski D.R. Abuse liability, behavioral pharmacology, and physical-dependence potential of opioids in humans and laboratory animals: Lessons from tramadol. Biological Psychology 73 (2006) 90-99
26. Freedman G.M. Chronic pain: Clinical management of common causes of geriatric pain. Geriatrics 57 (2002) 36-41
27. Gilson A.M., Ryan K.M., Joranson D.E., and Dahl J.L. A reassessment of trends in the medical use and abuse of opioid analgesics and implications for diversion control: 1997-2002. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 28 (2004) 176-188
28. Hadjistavropoulos T., Herr K., Turk D.C., Fine P.G., Dworkin R.H., Helme R., et al. An interdisciplinary expert consensus statement on assessment of pain in older persons. Clinical Journal of Pain 23 (2007) S1-43
29. He W., Sengupta M., Velkoff V.A., and DeBarros K.A. U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, 65+ in the United States: 2005 (2005), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
30. Højsted J., and Sjøgren P. An update on the role of opioids in the management of chronic pain of nonmalignant origin. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 20 (2007) 451-455
31. Hoskins B., Burton C.K., and Ho I.K. Differences in morphine-induced antinociception and locomotor activity in mature adult and aged mice. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 25 (1986) 599-605
32. Islam A.K., Cooper M.L., and Bodnar R.J. Interactions among aging, gender, and gonadectomy effects upon morphine antinociception in rats. Physiology and Behavior 54 (1993) 45-53
33. Johnston L.D., O'Malley P.M., Bachman J.G., and Schulenberg J.E. Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2006. Volume I: Secondary school students (NIH Publication 07-6205) (2007), National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 699
34. Kavaliers M., and Hirst M. Daily rhythms of analgesia in mice: Effects of age and photoperiod. Brain Research 279 (1983) 387-393
35. King C.D., Devine D.P., Vierck C.J., Mauderli A., and Yezierski R.P. Opioid modulation of reflex versus operant responses following stress in the rat. Neuroscience 147 (2007) 174-182
36. Kramer E., and Bodnar R.J. Age-related decrements in morphine analgesia: A parametric analysis. Neurobiology of Aging 7 (1986) 185-191
37. LaBuda C.J., and Fuchs P.N. A behavioral test paradigm to measure the aversive quality of inflammatory and neuropathic pain in rats. Experimental Neurology 163 (2000) 490-494
38. Landi F., Onder G., Cesari M., Gambassi G., Steel K., Russo A., et al. Pain management in frail, community-living elderly patients. Archives of Internal Medicine 161 (2001) 2721-2724
39. Mao J. Opioid-induced abnormal pain sensitivity: Implications in clinical opioid therapy. Pain 100 (2002) 213-217
40. Martin T.J., Buechleer N.L., Kahn W., Crews J.C., and Eisenach J.C. Effects of laparotomy on spontaneous exploratory activity and conditioned operant responding in the rat: A model for postoperative pain. Anesthesiology 101 (2004) 191-203
41. Martin T.J., Kahn W.R., and Eisenach J.C. Abdominal surgery decreases food-reinforced operant responding in rats: Relevance of incisional pain. Anesthesiology 103 (2005) 629-637
42. Matson D.J., Broom D.C., Carson S.R., Badassari J., Kehne J., and Cortright D.N. Inflammation-induced reduction of spontaneous activity by adjuvant: A novel model to study the effect of analgesics in rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 320 (2007) 194-201
43. Mauderli A.P., Acosta-Rua A., and Vierck C.J. An operant assay of thermal pain in conscious, unrestrained rats. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 97 (2000) 19-29
44. McCabe S.E., Teter C.J., Boyd C.J., Knight J.R., and Wechsler H. Nonmedical use of prescription opioids among U.S. college students: Prevalence and correlates from a national survey. Addictive Behaviors 30 (2005) 789-805
45. Meert T.F., and Vermeirsch H.A. A preclinical comparison between different opioids: Antinociceptive versus adverse effects. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 80 (2005) 309-326
46. Morgan D., Frost-Pineda K., and Gold M.S. Medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids: Epidemiology and prevalence. Psychiatric Annals 36 (2006) 404-409
47. Negus S.S., Vanderah T.W., Brandt M.R., Bilsky E.J., Becerra L., and Borsook D. Preclinical assessment of candidate analgesic drugs: Recent advances and future challenges. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 319 (2006) 507-514
48. Neubert J.K., Rossi H.L., Malphurs W., Vierck Jr. C.J., and Caudle R.M. Differentiation between capsaicin-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia using a thermal operant assay. Behavioral Brain Research 170 (2006) 308-315
49. Neubert J.K., Widmer C.G., Malphurs W., Rossi H.L., Vierck Jr. C.J., and Caudle R.M. Use of a novel thermal operant behavioral assay for characterization of orofacial pain sensitivity. Pain 116 (2005) 386-395
50. Nikolaus T., and Zeyfang A. Pharmacological treatments for persistent non-malignant pain in older persons. Drugs and Aging 21 (2004) 19-41
51. Ossipov M.H., Lai J., King T., Vanderah T.W., and Porreca F. Underlying mechanisms of pronociceptive consequences of prolonged morphine exposure. Biopolymers 80 (2005) 319-324
52. Przewlocki R., and Przewlocka B. Opioids in chronic pain. European Journal of Pharmacology 429 (2001) 79-91
53. Raut, A., & Ratka, A. (in press). Oxidative damage and sensitivity to nociceptive stimulus and opioids in aging rats. Neurobiology of Aging
54. Reisine T., and Pasternak G. Opioid analgesics and antagonists. In: Hardman J.G., Gilman A.G., and Limbird L.E. (Eds). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th ed. (1996), McGraw-Hill, NY 521-555
55. Saunders D.R., Paolino R.M., Bousquet W.F., and Miya T.S. Age-related responsiveness of the rat to drugs affecting the central nervous system. Proceedings of the Society For Experimental Biology and Medicine 147 (1974) 593-595
56. Schuster Jr. C.R. Psychological approaches to opiate dependence and self-administration by laboratory animals. Federation Proceedings 29 (1970) 2-5
57. Smith M.A., and Gray J.D. Age-related differences in sensitivity to the antinociceptive effects of opioids in male rats. Influence of nociceptive intensity and intrinsic efficacy at the mu receptor. Psychopharmacology 156 (2001) 445-453
58. Spragg S.D.S. Morphine addiction in chimpanzees. Comparative Psychology Monographs 115 (1940) 1-132
59. Stevenson G.W., Bilsky E.J., and Negus S.S. Targeting pain-suppressed behaviors in preclinical assays of pain and analgesia: Effects of morphine on acetic acid-suppressed feeding in C57BL/6J mice. Journal of Pain 7 (2006) 408-416
60. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2006). https://nsduhweb.rti.org/ Retrieved January 15, 2008 from https://nsduhweb.rti.org/
61. Thompson T., and Schuster C.R. Morphine self-administration, food-reinforced, and avoidance behaviors in rhesus monkeys. Psychopharmacologia 5 (1964) 87-94
62. Vierck C.J., Acosta-Rua A., Nelligan R., Tester N., and Mauderli A. Low dose systemic morphine attenuates operant escape but facilitates innate reflex responses to thermal stimulation. Journal of Pain 3 (2002) 309-319
63. Vierck C.J., Hansson P.T., and Yezierski R.P. Clinical and pre-clinical pain assessment: Are we measuring the same thing?. Pain 135 (2008) 7-10
64. Vierck Jr. C.J. Animal models of pain. In: McMahon S.B., and Koltzenburg M. (Eds). Wall and Melzack's textbook of pain 5 (2006), Elsevier, London 175-185
65. Vierck Jr. C.J., Kline R.H., and Wiley R.G. Intrathecal substance p-saporin attenuates operant escape from nociceptive thermal stimuli. Neuroscience 119 (2003) 223-232
66. Vierck Jr. C.J., Kline IV R., and Wiley R.G. Comparison of operant escape and innate reflex responses to nociceptive skin temperatures produced by heat and cold stimulation of rats. Behavioral Neuroscience 118 (2004) 627-635
67. Wang Y., Mitchell J., Moriyama K., Kim K.J., Sharma M., Xie G.X., et al. Age-dependent morphine tolerance development in the rat. Anesthesia and Analgesia 100 (2005) 1733-1739
68. Webster G.W., Shuster L., and Eleftheriou B.E. Morphine analgesia in mice of different ages. Experimental Aging Research 2 (1976) 221-233
69. Weeks J.R. Experimental morphine addiction: Method for automatic intravenous injections in unrestrained rats. Science 138 (1962) 143-144
70. Weiner D.K., Haggerty C.L., Kritchevsky S.B., Harris T., Simonsick E.M., Nevitt M., et al., the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Research Group. How does low back pain impact physical function in independent, well-functioning older adults? Evidence from the Health ABC Cohort and implications for the future. Pain Medicine 4 (2003) 311-320
71. Won A., Lapane K., Gambassi G., Bernabei R., Mor V., and Lipsitz L.A. Correlates and management of nonmalignant pain in the nursing home. SAGE Study Group. Systematic Assessment of Geriatric drug use via Epidemiology. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 47 (1999) 936-942
72. Won A., Lapane K.L., Vallow S., Schein J., Morris J.N., and Lipsitz L.A. Long-term effects of analgesics in a population of elderly nursing home residents with persistent nonmalignant pain. Journals of Gerontology, series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 61 (2006) 165-169
73. Woolf C.J., and Hashmi M. Use and abuse of opioid analgesics: Potential methods to prevent and deter non-medical consumption of prescription opioids. Current Opinion In Investigational Drugs 5 (2004) 61-66
74. Yeomans D.C., Cooper B.Y., and Vierck C.J. Jr. Comparison of dose-dependent effects of systemic morphine on flexion reflex components and operant avoidance responses of awake non-human primates. Brain Research 670 (1995) 297-302
75. Yeomans D.C., Pirec V., and Proudfit H.K. Nociceptive responses to high and low rates of noxious cutaneous heating are mediated by different nociceptors in the rat: Behavioral evidence. Pain 68 (1996) 133-140
76. Yeomans D.C., and Proudfit H.K. Nociceptive responses to high and low rates of noxious cutaneous heating are mediated by different nociceptors in the rat: Electrophysiological evidence. Pain 68 (1996) 141-150
77. Zacny J., Bigelow G., Compton P., Foley K., Iguchi M., and Sannerud C. College on Problems of Drug Dependence taskforce on prescription opioid non-medical use and abuse: Position statement. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 69 (2003) 215-232
78. Zollner C., and Stein C. Opioids. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 177 (2007) 31-63