Multiple and interacting disturbances lead to Fagus grandifolia dominance in coastal New England

Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society

Volumn 135, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 346-359

  Busby, Posy E ^a,b   Motzkin, Glenn ^a   Foster, David R ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Beech; Disturbance interactions; Fagus grandifolia; Herbivory; Hurricane; Monodominance; Oak; Quercus

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DENDROECOLOGY; DOMINANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; HARVESTING; HERBIVORY; HUMAN SETTLEMENT; HURRICANE; LONG-TERM CHANGE; NINETEENTH CENTURY; RECONSTRUCTION; REGENERATION; SHADE TOLERANCE;

NEW ENGLAND; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

CARYA; CARYA ILLINOINENSIS; CERVIDAE; FAGUS; FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA; QUERCUS; QUERCUS ALBA; QUERCUS VELUTINA;

EID: 53949092796     PISSN: 10955674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3159/08-RA-004.1     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. ABRAMS, M. D. 2003. Where has all the white oak gone? BioScience 53:927-939.
2. AMERICAN REVIEW. 1817. Visit to the Elizabeth Islands. Am. Review 5:313-324.
3. ANNUAL REPORT FROM THE TRUSTEES TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF THE NAUSHON TRUST. 1939, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948.
4. BANKS, C. E. 1911. The History of Martha's Vineyard, Dukes Country, MA. Dukes County Historical Society, Edgartown, MA.
5. BATISTA, W. B., W. PLATT, AND R. E. MACCHIAVELLI. 1998. Demography of a shade-tolerant tree (Fagus grandifolia) in a hurricane disturbed forest. Ecology 79:38-53.
6. BATISTA, W. B. AND W. J. PLATT. 2003. Tree population responses to hurricane disturbance: syndromes in a south-eastern USA old-growth forest. J. Ecol. 91:197-212.
7. BELLINGHAM, P. J., E. V. J. TANNER, AND J. R. HEALEY. 1995. Damage and responsiveness of Jamaican montane tree species after disturbance by a hurricane. Ecology 76:2562-2580.
8. BIGLER, C., D. KULAKOWSKI, AND T. T. VEBLEN. 2005. Multiple disturbance interactions and drought influence fire severity in Rocky Mountain subalpine forests. Ecology 86:3018-3029.
9. BOOSE, E. R., D. R. FOSTER, AND M. FLUET. 1994. Hurricane impacts to tropical and temperate forest landscapes. Ecol. Monogr. 64:369-400.
10. BOOSE, E. R., K. E. CHAMBERLIN, AND D. R. FOSTER. 2001. Landscape and regional impacts of hurricanes in New England. Ecol. Monogr. 71:27-48.
11. BRAGDON, K. J. 1996. Native People of Southern New England:1500-1650. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK.
12. BRYCE, J. 1870. James Bryce's first visit to America. The New England Quarterly Journal 50.
13. BUSBY, P. E. 2006. American beech in coastal New England: forest history and dynamics. M.S. Thesis. Harvard University, Petersham, MA.
14. CANHAM, C. D. 1990. Suppression and release during canopy recruitment in Fagus grandifolia. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 117:1-7.
15. COGBILL, C. V., J. BURK, AND G. MOTZKIN. 2002. The forests of presettlement New England, USA: spatial and compositional patterns based on town proprietor surveys. J. Biogeogr. 29:1279-1304.
16. COLLINS, S. L., S. M. GLENN, AND D. J. GIBSON. 1995. Experimental analysis of intermediate disturbance and initial floristic composition: decoupling cause and effect. Ecology 76:486-492.
17. CONNELL, J. H. 1978. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 199:1302-1310.
18. CONNELL, J. H. AND M. D. LOWMAN. 1989. Lowdiversity tropical rain forests: some possible mechanisms for their existence. Am. Nat. 134:88-119.
19. COOPER-ELLIS, S., D. R. FOSTER, G. CARLTON, AND A. LEZBERG. 1999. Forest response to catastrophic wind: results from an experimental hurricane. Ecology 80:2683-2696.
20. COWELL, C. M. AND J. J. HAYES. 2007. Structure, history and dynamics of a mature oak-beech forest in western Indiana. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 134:215-222.
21. CRAPO, H. H. 1837. Naushon Island (map). Massachusetts Archives, Boston, MA.
22. DES BARRES, J. F. W. 1780. The Atlantic Neptune. Published for the use of the Royal Navy of Great Britain, London, UK.
23. DUNWIDDIE, P. W. AND M. ADAMS. 1994. Landscape Change on Martha's Vineyard and the Elizabeth Islands, 1640-1993. Nature Conservancy, Boston, MA.
24. EMERSON, A. F. 1935. Early History of Naushon Island. Privately printed, Thomas Todd Co. Printers, Boston, MA.
25. EMERSON, A. F. AND H. F. LEON. 2003. Naushon Data. Privately printed, Boston, MA.
26. FLETCHER, P. C. AND R. J. ROFFINOLI. 1986. Soil Survey of Dukes County, Massachusetts. US Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, Washington, DC.
27. FOGG, J. M. 1930. The flora of the Elizabeth Islands, MA. Rhodora 32:119-281.
28. FORBES, K. A. AND E. E. W. GREGG [eds.]. 1979. An Anthology of Naushon, 1833-1917. Privately printed, Boston, MA.
29. FORBES, E. W. 1964. Naushon Memories. Printed privately, Cambridge, MA.
30. FOSTER, D. R. 1988. Species and stand response to catastrophic wind in central New England, U.S.A. J. Ecol. 76:135-151.
31. FOSTER, D. R., B. HALL, S. BARRY, S. CLAYDEN, AND T. PARSHALL. 2002. Cultural, environmental and historical controls of vegetation patterns and the modern conservation setting on the island of Martha's Vineyard, USA. J. Biogeogr. 29:1381-1400.
32. FOSTER, D. R. AND J. D. ABER. 2004. Forests in time: the environmental consequences of 1,000 years of change in New England. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
33. FOSTER, D. R., W. W. OSWALD, E. K. FAISON, E. D. DOUGHTY, AND B. C. S. HANSEN. 2006. A climatic driver for abrupt mid-Holocene vegetation dynamics and the hemlock decline in New England. Ecology 87:2959-2966.
34. FULLER, J. L., D. R. FOSTER, J. S. MCLACHLAN, AND N. DRAKE. 1998. Impact of human activity on regional forest composition and dynamics in central New England. Ecosystems 1:76-95.
35. GOOD, R. E. AND N. F. GOOD. 1970. Vegetation of the sea cliffs and adjacent uplands on the north shore of Long Island, New York. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 97:204-208.
36. GROSS, N. D., S. D. TORTI, D. H. FENNER Jr., AND P. D. COLEY. 2000. Monodominance in an African rain forest: is reduced herbivory important? Biotropica 32:430-439.
37. HART, T. B., J. A. HART, AND P. G. MURPHY. 1989. Monodominant and species-rich forests of the humid tropics: causes for their co-occurrence. Am. Nat. 133:613-633.
38. HEALY, W. M. 1997. Influence of deer on the structure and composition of oak forests in central Massachusetts, p. 249-266. In W. J. McShea, H. B. Underwood, and J. H. Rappole [eds.], The Science of Overabundance: Deer Ecology and Population Management. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
39. HOLLICK, A. 1901. A reconnaissance of the Elizabeth Islands. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 13:387-418.
40. HOLMES, O. W. 1919. The Autocrat of the Breakfasttable. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA.
41. HOLMES, R. L. 1983. Computer-assisted quality control in tree-ring data and measurement. Tree-Ring Bull. 43:69-78.
42. HUGHES, S. F. [ed.]. 1902. Reminiscences of John Murray Forbes. Printed Privately, Boston, MA.
43. JANZEN, D. H. 1970. Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests. Am. Nat. 104:501-527.
44. JONES, R. H. AND D. J. RAYNAL. 1986. Spatial distribution and development of root sprouts in Fagus grandifolia (Fagaceae). Am. J. Bot. 73:1723-1731.
45. JONES, R. H. AND D. J. RAYNAL. 1988. Root sprouting in American beech (Fagus grandifolia): effects of root injury, root exposure and season. For. Ecol. Manag. 25:79-90.
46. KOBBÉ, G. 1898. An island of New England. Cent. Mag. 56:753-759.
47. LEAK, W. B. 1975. Age distribution of virgin red spruce and northern hardwoods. Ecology 56:1451-1454.
48. LORIMER, C. G. 1980. Age structure and disturbance history of a southern Appalachian virgin forest. Ecology 61:1169-1184.
49. LORIMER, C. G. AND L. E. FRELICH. 1989. A methodology for estimating canopy disturbance frequency and intensity in dense temperate forests. Can. J. For. Res. 19:651-663.
50. MACCONNELL, W. P. 1951. Massachusetts Map Down: land-use and vegetation cover mapping classification manual. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA.
51. MACCONNELL, W. P. 1973. Massachusetts Map Down: land-use and vegetation cover mapping classification manual. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA.
52. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICALSOCIETY. 1815. Description of Elizabeth Islands in Buzzards Bay. In Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol. 3.
53. MASSGIS. 2002. Land use datalayer for the year 1999. MassGIS, Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Boston, MA.
54. MERRENS, E. AND D. R. PEART. Effects of hurricane damage on individual growth and stand structure in a hardwood forest in New Hampshire, USA. J. Ecol. 80:787-795.
55. MORIN, R. S., A. M. LIEBHOLD, P. C. TOBIN, K. W. GOTTSCHALK, AND E. LUZADER. 2006. Spread of beech bark disease in the eastern United States and its relationship to regional forest composition. Can. J. For. Res. 37:726-736.
56. NOWACKI, G. J. AND M. D. ABRAMS. 1997. Radialgrowth averaging criteria for reconstructing disturbance histories from presettlement-origin oaks. Ecol. Monogr. 67:225-249.
57. PARSHALL, T., D. R. FOSTER, E. K. FAISON, D. MACDONALD, AND B. C. S. HANSEN. 2003. Longterm vegetation and fire dynamics of pitchpineoak forest on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Ecology 84:736-748.
58. PETERSON, C. J. AND S. T. A. PICKETT. 1995. Forest reorganization: A case study in an old growth forest catastrophic blowdown. Ecology 76:763-774.
59. POAGE, N. J. AND D. R. PEART. 1993. The radial growth response of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) to small canopy gaps in a northern hardwood forest. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 120:45-48.
60. PUTZ, F. E. AND R. R. SHARITZ. 1991. Hurricane damage to old-growth forest in Congaree Swamp National Monument, South Carolina, U.S.A. Can. J. For. Res. 21:1765-1770.
61. QUINN, D. B. AND A. M. QUINN [eds.]. 1983. The English New England Voyages, 1602-1608. Hakluyt Society, London, UK.
62. RAUP, H. M. 1945. Notes on the forests of Naushon Island. Harvard Forest Archives (HF 1945-06), Petersham, MA.
63. ROBERTS, R. 1990. Quercus alba L. Silvics of North America, Vol. 2. Hardwoods. USDA FS, Agricultural Handbook 654, Washington, DC.
64. RUNKLE, J. R. 1981. Gap regeneration in some oldgrowth forests of the eastern United States. Ecology 62:1041-1051.
65. RUSSELL, E. W. B., R. B. DAVIS, R. S. ANDERSON, T. E. RHODES, AND D. S. ANDERSON. 1993. Recent centuries of vegetation change in the glaciated north-eastern United States. J. Ecol. 81:647-664.
66. SANDER, I. 1990. Quercus velutina L. Silvics of North America, Vol. 2. Hardwoods. USDA FS, Agricultural Handbook 654. Washington, DC.
67. SICCAMA, T. G. 1971. Presettlement and present forest vegetation in northern Vermont with special reference to Chittenden County. Am. Midl. Nat. 85:153-172.
68. SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT. 1823. James T. Bowdoin petition records. Massachusetts State Archives, Boston, MA.
69. TORREY, B. AND F. H. ALLEN. 1962. The Journals of Henry Thoreau. Dover, NY.
70. TRIPLER, C. E., C. D. CANHAM, R. S. INOUYE, AND J. L. SCHNURR. 2005. Competitive hierarchies of temperate tree species: interactions between resource availability and white-tailed deer. Ecoscience 12:494-505.
71. TUBBS, C. H. AND D. R. HOUSTON. 1990. Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. Silvics of North America, Vol. 2. Hardwoods. USDA FS, Agricultural Handbook 654. Washington, DC.
72. TWERY, M. J. AND W. A. PATTERSON. 1984. Variation in beech bark disease and its effects on species composition and structure of northern hardwood stands in central New England. Can. J. For. Res. 14:565-574.
73. UNITED STATES COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY (USCGS). 1845. Map of the Elizabeth Islands (1:10,000). National Archives, Washington, DC.
74. VEBLEN, T. T., K. S. HADLEY, E. M. NEL, T. KLTZBERGER, M. REID, AND R. VILLALBA. 1994. Disturbance regime and disturbance interactions in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest. J. Ecol. 82:125-135.
75. VERA, F. W. M. 2000. Grazing Ecology and Forest History. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
76. WARD, R. T. 1961. Some aspects of the regeneration habits of the American beech. Ecology 42:828-832.
77. WHITNEY, G. G. 1994. From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain-a History of Environmental Change in Temperate North America, 1500 to the Present. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
78. WILLIAMS, M. 1989. Americans and Their Forests: a Historical Geography. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
79. YENTSCH, A. 1974. The tenant farmers of Naushon Island. Ph.D. thesis. Brown University, Providence, RI.
80. ZIMMERMAN, J. K., E. M. EVERHAM, III, R. B. WAIDE, D. J. LODGE, C. M. TAYLOR, AND N. V. L. BROKAW. 1994. Responses of tree species to hurricane winds in subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico: implications for tropical tree life histories. J. Ecol. 82:911-922.