Neutron-capture elements in the early galaxy

Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Volumn 46, Issue , 2008, Pages 241-288

  Sneden, Christopher ^a   Cowan, John J ^b   Gallino, Roberto ^c,d  

^a The University of Texas at Austin   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^d MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Abundances; Galaxy evolution; Nuclear reactions; Nucleosynthesis; Population II; Stars

Indexed keywords

EID: 53849142155     PISSN: 00664146     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145207     Document Type: Article

References (243)

1. Abia C, Domínguez I, Gallino R, Busso M, Masera S, et al. 2002. Ap. J. 579:817
2. Allen DM, Barbuy B. 2006. Astron. Astrophys. 454:895
3. Anders E, Grevesse N. 1989. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53:197
4. Aoki W, Ando H, Honda S, lye M, Izumiura H, et al. 2002a. Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 54:427
5. Aoki W, Beers TC, Christlieb N, Norris JE, Ryan SG, Tsangarides S. 20072. Ap. J. 655:492
6. Aoki W, Bisterzo S, Gallino R, Beers T, Noms JE, Ryan SG. 2006a. Ap. J. 650:127
7. Aoki W, Frebel A, Christlieb N, Norris JE, Beers TC, et al. 2006b. Ap. J. 639:897
8. Aoki W, Honda S, Beers TC, Kajino T, Ando H, et al. 2005. Ap. J. 632:611
9. Aoki W, Honda S, Beers TC, Sneden C. 2003a. Ap. J. 586:506
10. Aoki W, Honda S, Beers TC, Takada-Hidai M, Iwamoto N, et al. 2007b. Ap. J. 660:747
11. Aoki W, Honda S, Sadakane K, Arimoto N. 2007c. Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 59:519
12. Aoki W, Norris JE, Ryan SG, Beers TC, Ando H. 2002b. Ap. J. 567:1166
13. Aoki W, Ryan SG, Iwamoto N, Beers TC, Norris JE, et al. 2003b. Ap. J. 592:L67
14. Aoki W, Ryan SG, Norris JE, Beers TC, Ando H, Tsangarides S. 2002c. Ap. J. 580:1149
15. Argast D, Samland M, Thielemann F-K, Qian Y-Z. 2004. Astron. Astrophys. 416:997
16. Arlandini C, Rappeler F, Wisshak K, Gallino R, Lugaro M, et al. 1999. Ap. J. 525:886
17. Arnone E, Ryan SG, Argast D, Norris JE, Beers TC. 2005. Astron. Astrophys. 430:507
18. Arnould M, Goriely S. 2003. Phys. Rep. 384:1
19. Arnould M, Goriely S, Takahashi K. 2008. Phys. Rep. 450:97
20. Bao ZY, Beer H, Rappeler F, Voss F, Wisshak K, Rauscher T. 2000. Atomic Data Nucl. Data Tables 76:70
21. Barbuy B, Spite M, Spite F, Hill V, Cayrel R, et al. 2005. Astron. Astrophys. 429:1031
22. Barklem PS, Christlieb N, Beers TC, Hill V, Bessell MS, et al. 2005. Astron. Astrophys. 439:129
23. Beers TC, Christlieb N. 2005. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 43:531
24. Beers TC, Preston GW, Shectman SA. 1992. Astron. J. 103:1987
25. Biémont E, Quinet P. 2003. Phys. Scr. T105:38
26. Bisterzo S, Gallino R, Straniero O, Ivans II, Käppeler F, Aoki W. 2006a. Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital. 77:985
27. Bisterzo S, Käppeler F, Gallino R, Heil M, Domingo-Pardo C. 2006b. In Int. Symp. Nucl. Astrophys.-Nuclei in the Cosmos LX, Geneva, Proc. Sci., PoS 77
28. Bromm V, Larson RB. 2004. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 42:79
29. Burbidge EM, Burbidge GR, Fowler WA Hoyle F. 1957. Rev. Mod. Phys. 29:547
30. Burris DL, Pilachowski CA Armandroff TA, Sneden C, Cowan JJ, Roe H. 2000. Ap. J. 544:302
31. Busso M, Gallino R, Lambert DL, Travaglio C, Smith V. 2001. Ap. J. 557:802
32. Busso M, Gallino R, Wasserburg GJ. 1999. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 37:239
33. Busso M, Straniero O, Gallino R, Abia C. 2004. In Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Ser. Vol. 4: Origin and Evolution of the Elements, ed. A McWilliam, M Rauch, p. 67. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
34. Butcher HR. 1987. Nature 328:127
35. Cameron AGW. 1957a. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 69:201
36. Cameron AGW. 1957b. Astron. J 62:9
37. Cameron AGW. 1959. Ap. J. 129:676
38. Cameron AGW. 1973. Space Sci. Rev. 15:121
39. Cameron AGW. 2001. Ap. J. 562:456
40. Cameron AGW. 2001. Ap. J. 587:327-40
41. Cameron AGW, Vanhala HAT, Höflich P. 1997. In Proc. AIP Conf. 402, Astropbysical Implications of the Laboratory Study of PreSolar Materials, ed. TJ Bernatowicz, E Zinner, p. 667. Woodbury, NY: Am. Inst. Phys.
42. Campbell SW. 2007. PhD thesis. Monash Univ., Aust.
43. Campbell SW, Lattanzio JC. 2008. In Proc. AIP Conf. 990, First Stars III, ed. BW O'Shea, A Heger, T Abel, p. 315. Woodbury, NY: Am. Inst. Phys.
44. Cassisi S, Castellani M, Caputo F, Castellani V. 2004. Astron. Astrophys. 426:641
45. Cayrel R, Depagne E, Spite M, Hill V, Spite F, et al. 2004. Astron. Astrophys. 416:1117
46. Cayrel R, Hill V, Beers TC, Barbuy B, Spite M, et al. 2001. Nature 409:691
47. Chieffi A Domínguez I, Limongi M, Straniero O. 2001. Ap. J. 554:1159
48. Christlieb N, Beers TC, Barklem PS, Bessell MS, Hill V, et al. 2004. Astron. Astrophys. 428:1027
49. Christlieb N, Bessell MS, Beers TC, Gustaftson B, Korn A, et al. 2002. Nature 419:904
50. Clayton DD. 1968. Principles of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis. New York: McGraw-Hill
51. Clayton DD, Fowler WA Hull T, Zimmerman BA 1961. Ann. Phys. 12:331
52. Clayton DD, Rassbach ME. 1967. Ap. J. 148:69
53. Cohen JG, Christlieb N, McWilliam A Shectman SA Thompson I, et al. 2004. Ap. J. 612:1107
54. Cohen JG, Christlieb N, Qian Y-Z, Wasserburg GJ. 2003. Ap. J 588:1082
55. Cohen JG, McWilliam A Shectman S, Thompson I, Christlieb N, et al. 2006. Astron. J. 132:13 7
56. Cohen JG, Shectman S, Thompson I, McWilliam A Christlieb N, et al. 2005. Ap. J. 633:L109
57. Cowan JJ, Lawler JE, Sneden C, Den Hartog EA Collier J. 2006. In Proc. NASA LAW2006, p. 82. Moffett Field, CA: NASA Ames
58. Cowan JJ, McWilliam A Sneden C, Burris DL. 1997. Ap. J 480:246
59. Cowan JJ, Pfeiffer B, Kratz K-L, Thielemann F-K, Sneden C, et al. 1999. Ap. J 521:194
60. CowanJJ, Sneden C. 2004. In Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Ser., Vol. 4: Origin and Evolution of the Elements, ed. A McWilliam, M Rauch, p. 27. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press
61. Cowan JJ, Sneden C. 2006. Nature 440:1151
62. Cowan JJ, Sneden C, Beers TC, Lawler JE, Simmerer J, et al. 2005. Ap. J. 627:238
63. Cowan JJ, Sneden C, Burles S, Ivans II, Beers TC, et al. 2002. Astrophys. J. 572:861
64. Cowan JJ, Thielemann F-K. 2004. Phys. Today 57:47
65. Cowan JJ, Thielemann F-K Truran JW. 1991a. Phys. Rep. 208:267
66. Cowan JJ, Thielemann F-K Truran JW. 1991b. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astropbys. 29:447
67. Cristallo S, Straniero O, Gallino R, Piersanti L, Domínguez I. 2006. In Int. Symp. Nucl. Astrophys. - Nuclei in the Cosmos IX, Geneva. Proc. Sci., PoS 62
68. Dauphas N. 2005. Nature 435:1203
69. de Laverny P, Abia C, Domínguez I, Plez B, Straniero O, et al. 2006. astron. Astrophys. 446:1107
70. del Peloso EF, da Silva L, Porto de Mello GF, Arany-Prado LI. 2005. Astron. Astrophys. 440:1153
71. emarque P, Woo J-H, Kim Y-C, Yi SK 2004. Ap. J. Suppl. 155:667
72. Den Hartog EA Herd MT, Lawler JE, Sneden C, Cowan JJ, Beers TC. 2005. Ap. J. 619:639
73. Den Hartog EA, Lawler JE, Sneden C, Cowan JJ. 2003. Ap. J. Suppl. 148:543
74. Den Hartog EA, Lawler JE, Sneden C, Cowan JJ. 2006. Ap. J. Suppl. 167:292
75. Depagne E, Hill V, Spite M, Spite F, Plez B, et al. 2002. Astron. Astrophys. 390:187
76. Dillmann I, Kratz K-L, Wöhr A, Arndt O, Brown BA, et al. 2003. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91:162503
77. Fields BD, Truran JW, Cowan JJ. 2002. Ap. J. 575:845
78. François P, Depagne E, Hill V, Spite M, Spite F, et al. 2007. Astron. Astrophys. 476:935
79. François P, Spite M, Spite F. 1993. Astron. Astrophys. 274:821
80. Frebel A, Aoki W, Christlieb N, Ando H, Asplund M, et al. 2005. Nature 434:871
81. Frebel A, Christlieb N, Norris JE, Thorn C, Beers TC, Rhee J. 2007. Ap. J. 660:L117
82. Freeman K, Bland-Hawthorn J. 2002. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 40:487
83. Freiburghaus C, Rosswog S, Thielemann F-K. 1999. Ap. J. 525:L121
84. Fröhlich C, Martínez-Pinedo G, Liebendörfer M, Thielemann F-K, Bravo E, et al. 2006. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96:142502
85. Fujimoto MY, Iben I Jr, Hollowell D. 1990. Ap. J 349:580
86. FulbrightJP. 2000. Astron. 120:1841
87. Gallino R, Arlandini C, Busso M, Lugaro M, Travaglio C, et al. 1998. Ap. J. 497:388
88. Gallino R, Bisterzo S, Husti L, Käppeler F, Cristallo S, Straniero O.2006. In Int. Symp. Nucl. Astrophys. - Nuclei in the Cosmos IX, Geneva. Proc. Sci., PoS 100
89. Gallino R, Wasserburg GJ, Busso M, Straniero O. 2005. In From Lithium to Uranium: Elemental Tracers of Early Cosmic Evolution, ed. V Hill, P François, F Primas, Proc. IAU Symp. 228, p. 461. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
90. Geisler D, Wallerstein G, Smith W, Casetti-Dinescu DI. 2007. Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 119:939
91. Gilroy KK, Sneden C, Pilachowski CA, Cowan JJ. 1988. Ap. J 327:298
92. Goriely S, Arnould M. 2001. Astron. Astrophys. 379:1113
93. Goriely S, Mowlavi N. 2000. Astron. Astrophys. 362:599
94. Goriely S, Siess L. 2001. Astron. Astrophys. 378:25
95. Goswami A Aoki W, Beers TC, Christlieb N, Norris JE, et al. 2006. MNRAS 372:343
96. Gratton R, Sneden C, Carretta E. 2004. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 42:385
97. Grevesse N, Asplund M, Sauval AJ. 2007. Space Sci. Rev. 130:105
98. Grevesse N, Sauval AJ. 1998. Space Sci. Rev. 85:161
99. Griffin R, Gustafsson B, Vieira T, Griffin R. 1982. MNRAS 198:637
100. Hansen BMS, Richer HB, Fahlman GG, Stetson PB, Brewer J, et al. 2004. Ap. J Suppl. 155:551
101. Hauge Ø. 1972. Sol. Phys. 27:286
102. Heifer HL, Wallerstein G, Greenstein JL. 1959. Ap. J. 129:700
103. Herwig F. 2005. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 43:435
104. Hill V, Plez B, Cayrel R, Beers TC, Nordström B, et al. 2002. Astron. Astrophys. 387:560
105. Hillebrandt W. 1978. Space Sci. Rev. 21:639
106. Hollowell D, Iben I Jr. 1988. Ap. J. 333:L25
107. Hollowell D, Iben I Jr, Fujimoto MY. 1990. Ap. J. 351:245
108. Honda S, Aoki W, Ishimaru Y, Wanajo S, Ryan SG. 2006. Ap. J. 643:1180
109. Honda S, Aoki W, Kajino T, Ando H, Beers TC, et al. 2004. Ap. J. 607:474
110. Ishimaru Y, Wanajo S. 1999. Ap. J. 511:L33
111. Ivans II, Simmerer J, Sneden C, Lawler JE, Cowan JJ, et al. 2006. Ap. J. 645:613
112. Ivans II, Sneden C, Gallino R, Cowan JJ, Preston GW. 2005. Ap. J. 627:L165
113. Ivans II, Sneden C, James CR, Preston GW, Fulbright JP, et al. 2003. Ap. J. 592:906
114. Iwamoto N, Kajino T, Mathews GJ, Fujimoto MY, Aoki W. 2004. Ap. J. 602:377
115. Jimenez R, Verde L, Treu T, Stern S. 2003. Ap. J. 593:622
116. JohnsonJA 2002. Ap. J. Suppl. 139:219
117. Johnson JA, Bolte M. 2001. Ap J. 554:888
118. Johnson JA Bolte M. 2002a. Ap. J. 579:87
119. Johnson JA Boite M. 2002b. Ap. J. 579:616
120. Johnson JA Boite M. 2004. Ap. J. 605:462
121. Jonsell K, Barklem PS, Gustafsson B, Christlieb N, Hill V, et al. 2006. Astron. Astrophys. 451:651
122. Käppeler F, Beer H, Wisshak K. 1989. Rep. Prog. Phys. 52:945
123. Käppeler F, Beer H, Wisshak K, Clayton DD, Macklin RL, Ward RA. 1982. Ap. J. 257:821
124. Käppeler F, Gallino R, Busso M, Picchio G, Raiteri CM. 1990. Ap. J. 3 54:630
125. Kratz K-L, Faroqui K, Pfeiffer B, Truran JW, Sneden C, CowanJJ. 2007. Ap. J. 662:39
126. Kratz K-L, Pfeiffer B, Cowan JJ, Sneden C. 2004. New Astron. Rev. 48:105
127. Krauss LM, Chaboyer B. 2003. Science 299:65
128. Lambert DL. 1992. Astron. Astrophys. 3:201
129. Lambert DL, Allende Prieto C. 2002. MNRAS 335:325
130. Lattimer JM, Mackie F. Ravenhall DG, Schramm DN. 1977. Ap. J. 213:225
131. Lawler JE, Den Hartog EA, Labby ZE, Sneden C, Cowan JJ, Ivans II. 2007. Ap. J. Suppl. 169:120
132. Lawler JE, Den Hartog EA Sneden C, Cowan JJ. 2006. Ap. J. Suppl. 162:227
133. Lawler JE, Sneden C, Cowan JJ. 2004. Ap. J. 604:850
134. Lawler JE, Wickliffe ME, Den Hartog EA Sneden C. 2001. Ap. J. 563:1075
135. LeBlanc JM, Wilson JR. 1970. Ap. J. 161:541
136. Lodders K. 2003. Ap. J. 591:1220
137. Lucatello S, Beers TC, Christlieb N, Barklem PS, Rossi S, et al. 2006. Ap. J. 652:L37
138. Lucatello S, Gratton R, Cohen JG, Beers TC, Christlieb N, et al. 2003. Astron. J. 125:875
139. Lucatello S, Tsangarides S, Beere TC, Carretta E, Gratton RG, Ryan SG. 2005. Ap. J. 625:825
140. Lundqvist M, Nilsson H, Wahlgren GM, Lundberg H, Xu HL, et al. 2006. Astron. Astrophys. 450:407
141. Lundqvist M, Wahlgren GM, Hill V. 2007. Astron. Astrophys. 463:693
142. Lunney D, Pearson JM, Thibault C. 2003. Rev. Mod. Phys. 75:1021
143. Magain P. 1995. Astron. Astrophys. 297:686
144. Malcheva G, Blagoev K, Mayo R, Ortiz M, Xu HL, et al. 2006. MNRAS 367:754
145. Mashonkina L, Zhao G. 2006. Astron. Astrophys. 456:313
146. Mathews GJ, Bazan G, CowanJJ. 1992. Ap. J. 391:719
147. Mathews GJ, Cowan JJ. 1990. Nature 345:491
148. McClure RD. 1984. Ap J. 280:L31
149. McClure RD. 1997. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 109:536
150. McClure RD, Fletcher JM, NemecJM. 1980. Ap. J. 238:L35
151. McClure RD, Woodsworth AW. 1990. Ap. J. 352:709
152. McWilliam A. 1997. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 35:503
153. McWilliam A Preston GW, Snìden C, Searle L. 1995. Astron. J. 109:2757
154. Merrill PW. 1952. Ap. J 116:21
155. Meyer BS. 1994. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 32:153
156. Mishenina TV, Kovtyukh W. 2001. Astron. Astrophys. 3 70:951
157. Möller P, Nix JR, Kratz K-L. 1997. Atomic Data Nucl. Data Tables 66:131
158. Montes F, Beers TC, Cowan J, Elliot T, Farouqi K, et al. 2007. Ap. J. 671:1685
159. Moore CE, Minnaert MGJ, Houtgast J. 1966. The Solar Spectrum 2934 A to 8770 A. NBS Monogr. 61. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO
160. Ning H, Qian Y-Z, Meyer BS. 2007. Ap. J. 667:L159
161. Nollett KM, Busso M, WasserburgGJ. 2003. Ap. J. 582:1036
162. Norris JE, Christlieb N, Korn AJ, Eriksson K Bessell MS, et al. 2007. Ap. J. 670:774
163. O'Brien S, Dababneh S, Heil M, Käppeler F, Plag R, et al. 2003. Phys. Rev. C68:035801
164. Otsuki K Honda S, Aoki W, Kajino T, Mathews GJ. 2006. Ap. J. 641:L117
165. Pagel BEJ. 1965. R. Greenwich Obs. Bull. 104:127
166. Payne CH. 1925. PhD thesis. Radcliffe College
167. Peterson RC. 1976. Ap. J. 206:800
168. Pfeiffer B, Kratz K-L, Thielemann F-K. 1997. Z. Phys. A 357:235
169. Plez B, Hill V, Cayrel R, Spite M, Barbuy B, et al. 2004. Astron. Astrophys. 428:9
170. Preston GW, Beers TC, Shectman SA. 1994. Astron. J. 108:538
171. Preston GW, Sneden C. 2000. Astron J. 120:1014
172. Preston GW, Sneden C. 2001. Astron. J. 122:1545
173. Preston GW, Thompson IB, Sneden C, Stachowski G, Shectman SA 2006. Astron J. 132:1714
174. Qian Y-Z, Sargent WLW, Wasserburg G. 2002. Ap. J. 569:L61
175. Qian Y-Z, Wasserburg GJ. 2000. Phys. Rep. 333:77
176. Qian Y-Z, Wasserburg GJ. 2001. Ap. J 559:925
177. Qian Y-Z, Wasserburg GJ. 2002. Ap. J. 567:515
178. Qian Y-Z, Wasserburg GJ. 2003. Ap. J. 588:1099
179. Qian Y-Z, Wasserburg GJ. 2007. Phys. Rep. 442:237
180. Raiteri CM, Villata M, Gallino R, Busso M, Cravanzola A 1999. Ap. J. 518:L91
181. Reddy BE, Lambert DL, Allende Prieto C. 2006. MNRAS 367:1329
182. Reddy BE, Tomkin J, Lambert DL, Allende Prieto C. 2003. MNRAS 340:304
183. Roederer IU, Lawler JE, Sneden C, Cowan JJ, Sobeck JS, Pilachowski CA. 2008. Ap. J. 675:723
184. Rossi S, Beers TC, Sneden C, Sevastyanenko T, Rhee J, Marsteller B. 2005. Astron J. 130:2804
185. Rosswog S, Liebendörfer M, Thielemann F-K, Davies MB, Benz W, Piran T. 1999. Astron. Astrophys. 341:499
186. Russell HN. 1929. Ap. J. 70:11
187. Ryan SG, Norris JE, Beers TC. 1996. Ap. J. 471:254
188. Schatz H, Toenjes R, Kratz K-L, Pfeiffer B, Beers TC, et al. 2002. Ap. J. 579:626
189. Seeger PA, Fowler WA Clayton DD. 1965. Ap. J. Suppl. 11:121
190. Shetrone M, Venn KA, Tolstoy E, Primas F, Hill V, Kaufer A. 2003. Astron. J 125:684
191. SimmererJ, Sneden C, Cowan JJ, Collier J, Woolf VM, LawlerJE. 2004. Ap. J. 617:1091
192. Sneden C, Cowan JJ. 2003. Science 299:70
193. Sneden C, Cowan JJ, Ivans II, Fuller GM, Buries S, et al. 2000a. Ap. J. 533:L139
194. Sneden C, Cowan JJ, Lawler JE, Buries S, Beers TC, Fuller GM. 2002. Ap. J. 566:L25
195. Sneden C, Cowan JJ, Lawler JE, Ivans II, Buries S, et al. 2003. Ap. J. 591:936
196. Sneden C, Johnson J, Kraft RP, Smith GH, CowanJJ, Bolte MS. 2000b. Ap. J. 536:L85
197. Sneden C, Kraft RP, Shetrone MD, Smith GH, Langer GE, Prosser CF. 1997. Astron. J. 114:1964
198. Sneden C, Lawler JE. 2008. In Proc. AIP Conf. 990, First Stars III, ed. BW O'Shea, A Heger, T Abel, p. 90. Woodbury, NY: Am. Inst. Phys.
199. Sneden C, McWilliam A, Preston GW, CowanJJ, Burris DL, Armosky BJ. 1996. Ap. J. 467:819
200. Sneden C, Parthasarathy M. 1983. Ap. J. 267:757
201. Sneden C, Preston GW, Cowan JJ. 2003. Ap. J. 592:504
202. Sneden C, Preston GW, McWilliam A, Searle L. 1994. Ap. J 431:L27
203. Spergel DN, Verde L, Peiris HV, Komatsu, Nolta MR, et al. 2003. Ap. J. Suppl. 148:175
204. Spite M, Spite F. 1978. Astron. Astrophys. 67:23
205. Straniero O, Chieffi A, Limongi M, Gallino R, Busso M, Arlandini C. 1997. Ap. J. 478:332
206. Straniero O, Domínguez I, Cristallo S, Gallino R. 2003. Putt. Astron. Soc. Aust. 20:389
207. Straniero O, Gallino R, Cristallo S. 2006. Nucl. Phys. A 777:311
208. Suda T, Aikawa M, Machida MN, Fujimoto MY, Iben I Jr. 2004. Ap. J. 611-A76
209. Suda T, Fujimoto MY, Itoh N. 2007. Ap. J. 667:1206
210. Suess HE, Urey HC. 1956. Rev. Mod. Phys. 28:53
211. Takahashi K, Witti J, Janka T. 1994. Astron. Astrophys. 286:857
212. Tegmark M, Strauss MA, Blanton MR, Abazajian K, Dodelson S, et al. 2004. Phys. Rev. D 69:103501
213. Terasawa M, Sumiyoshi K, Yamada S, Suzuki H, Kajino T. 2002. Ap. J 578:13 7
214. Terlizzi R, Abbondanno U, Aerts G, Alvarez H, Alvarez-Velarde F, et al. 2007. Phys. Rev. C 75:035807
215. Thielemann F-K, Freiburghaus C, Rosswog S, Nomoto K, Nakamura T, et al. 2000. Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital. 71:483
216. Thompson IB, Ivans II, Bisterzo S, Sneden C, Gallino R, et al. 2008. Ap.J. 677:596
217. Thompson TA. 2003. Ap.J. 585:L33
218. Timmes FX, Woosley SE, Weaver TA. 1995. Ap. J. Suppl. 98:617
219. Travaglio C, Galli D, Burkert A. 2001. Ap. J. 547:217
220. Travaglio C, Gallino R, Amone R, Cowan JJ, Jordan F, Sneden C. 2004. Ap. J. 601:864
221. Truran JW. 1981. Astron. Astrophys. 97:391
222. Truran JW, Cowan JJ, Pilachowski CA, Sneden C. 2002. Putt. Astron. Soc. Pac. 114:1293
223. Turner MS. 2003. Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos: Eleven Science Questions for the New Century. Washington, DC: Natl. Acad. Press
224. VandenBerg DA, Bolte M, Stetson PB. 1996. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 34:461
225. Van Eck S, Goriely S, Jorissen A, Plez B. 2001. Nature 412:793
226. Van Eck S, Goriely S, Jorissen A Plez B. 2003. Astron. Astrophys. 404:291
227. Vanhala HAT, Cameron AGW. 1998. Ap. J. 508:291
228. Venn KA Irwin M, Shetrone MD, Tout CA Hill V, Tolstoy E. 2004. Astron. J. 128:1177
229. Wahlgren GM. 2002. Phys. Scr. 100:22
230. Wallerstein G, Greenstein JL, Parker R, Helfer HL, Aller L. 1963. Ap. J. 137:280
231. Wallerstein G, Knapp GR. 1998. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 36:369
232. Wanajo S, Itoh N, Ishimaru Y, Nozawa S, Beere TC. 2002. Ap. J. 577:853
233. Wanajo S, Tamamura M, Itoh N, Nomoto K, Ishimaru Y, et al. 2003. Ap. J. 593:968
234. Wasserburg GJ, Busso M, Gallino R. 1996. Ap. J. 466:L109
235. Wasserburg GJ, Busso M, Gallino R. 2006. Nucl. Phys. A 777:5
236. Wasserburg GJ, Qian Y-Z. 2000. Ap. J. 529:L21
237. Westin J, Sneden C, Gustafsson B, Cowan JJ. 2000. Ap. J. 530:783
238. Wheeler JC, CowanJJ, Hillebrandt W. 1998. Ap. J. 493:L101
239. Winckler N, Dababneh S, Heil M, Käppeler F, Gallino R, Pignatari M. 2006. Ap. J. 647:685
240. Woosley SE, Weaver TA 1995. Ap. J. Suppl. 101:181
241. Woosley SE, Wilson JR, Mathews GJ, Hoffman RD, Meyer BS. 1994. Ap. J 433:229
242. Yushchenko A Gopka V, Goriely S, Musaev F, Shavrina A et al. 2005. Astron. Astrophys. 430:255
243. Xu HL, Sun ZW, Dai ZW, Jiang ZK Palmeri P, et al. 2006. Astron. Astrophys. 452:357