Reference ranges for the clinical laboratory derived from a rural population in Kericho, Kenya

PLoS ONE

Volumn 3, Issue 10, 2008, Pages

  Kibaya, Rukia S ^a   Bautista, Christian T ^b   Sawe, Frederick K ^a   Shaffer, Douglas N ^a   Sateren, Warren B ^c   Scott, Paul T ^c   Michael, Nelson L ^c   Robb, Merlin L ^b   Birx, Deborah L ^d   de Souza, Mark S ^b  

^a Walter Reed Project   (Kenya)

^b HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE   (United States)

^c US Military HIV Research Program   (United States)

^d CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BILIRUBIN; HEMOGLOBIN; NITROGEN; UREA;

ADULT; ALTITUDE; ARTICLE; BILIRUBIN BLOOD LEVEL; BLOOD SAMPLING; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CLINICAL LABORATORY; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; ERYTHROCYTE COUNT; FEMALE; HEMOGLOBIN DETERMINATION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; KENYA; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEUTROPHIL COUNT; REFERENCE VALUE; RURAL POPULATION; SERODIAGNOSIS; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEX RATIO; UREA NITROGEN BLOOD LEVEL; ADOLESCENT; BLOOD ANALYSIS; BLOOD EXAMINATION; LABORATORY; MALARIA; MIDDLE AGED; QUALITY CONTROL; SYPHILIS SEROLOGY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AIDS SERODIAGNOSIS; BLOOD CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HEMATOLOGIC TESTS; HUMANS; KENYA; LABORATORIES; MALARIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; QUALITY CONTROL; REFERENCE VALUES; RURAL POPULATION; SYPHILIS SERODIAGNOSIS;

EID: 53749088359     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003327     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Esparza J, Osmanov S (2003) HIV vaccines: a global perspective. Curr Mol Med 3: 183-193.
2. Bass E (2005) The two sides of PEPFAR in Uganda. Lancet 365: 2077-2078.
3. Aina O, Dadik J, Charuvat M, Amangaman P, Gurumdi S, et al. (2005) Reference values of CD4 T lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus-negative adult Nigerians. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 12: 525-530.
4. Ampofo W, Torpey K, Mukadi YD, Koram K, Nolan K, et al. (2006) Normal CD4+ T lymphocyte levels in HIV seronegative individuals in the Manya/ Yilo Krobo communities in the Eastern region of Ghana. Viral Immunol 19: 260-266.
5. Bussmann H, Wester CW, Masupu KV, Peter T, Gaolekwe SM, et al. (2004) Low CD4+ T-lymphocyte values in human immunodeficiency virus-negative adults in Botswana. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11: 930-935.
6. Choong ML, Ton SH, Cheong SK (1995) Influence of race, age and sex on the lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of healthy Malaysian adults. Ann Clin Biochem 32(Pt 6): 532-539.
7. Kassu A, Tsegaye A, Petros B, Wolday D, Hailu E, et al. (2001) Distribution of lymphocyte subsets in healthy human immunodeficiency virus-negative adult Ethiopians from two geographic locales. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 8: 1171-1176.
8. Lugada ES, Mermin J, Kaharuza F, Ulvestad E, Were W, et al. (2004) Population-based hematologic and immunologic reference values for a healthy Ugandan population. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11: 29-34.
9. Mair C, Hawes SE, Agne HD, Sow PS, N'Døye I, et al. (2008) Factors associated with CD4 lymphocyte counts in HIV-negative Senegalese individuals. Clin Exp Immunol 151: 432-440.
10. Menard D, Mandeng MJ, Tothy MB, Kelembho EK, Gresenguet G, et al. (2003) Immunohematological reference ranges for adults from the Central African Republic. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 10: 443-445.
11. Tsegaye A, Messele T, Tilahun T, Hailu E, Sahlu T, et al. (1999) Immunohematological reference ranges for adult Ethiopians. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 6: 410-414.
12. Tsegaye A, Wolday D, Otto S, Petros B, Assefa T, et al. (2003) Immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes at birth, during childhood, and during adulthood in HIV-1-uninfected Ethiopians. Clin Immunol 109: 338-346.
13. Tugume SB, Piwowar EM, Lutalo T, Mugyenyi PN, Grant RM, et al. (1995) Hematological reference ranges among healthy Ugandans. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2: 233-235.
14. Urassa WK, Lyamuya EF, Mbena E, Kagoma C, Bredberg Raden U, et al. (1996) Immunohaematological findings in healthy and HIV-1 infected adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. East Afr Med J 73: 670-674.
15. Urassa WK, Mbena EM, Swai AB, Gaines H, Mhalu FS, et al. (2003) Lymphocyte subset enumeration in HIV seronegative and HIV-1 seropositive adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: determination of reference values in males and females and comparison of two flow cytometric methods. J Immunol Methods 277: 65-74.
16. Webster HK, Pattanapanyasat K, Phanupak P, Wasi C, Chuenchitra C, et al. (1996) Lymphocyte immunophenotype reference ranges in healthy Thai adults: implications for management of HIV/AIDS in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 27: 418-429.
17. NCCLS (2000) How to define and determine reference intervals in the clinical laboratory; approved guideline-Second Edition. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, PA C28-A2, Vol. 20 No 13. 2ed.
18. Clerici M, Butto S, Lukwiya M, Saresella M, Declich S, et al. (2000) Immune activation in africa is environmentally-driven and is associated with upregulation of CCR5. Italian-Ugandan AIDS Project. Aids 14: 2083-2092.
19. Lee BW, Yap HK, Chew FT, Quah TC, Prabhakaran K, et al. (1996) Age and sex-related changes in lymphocyte subpopulations of healthy Asian subjects: from birth to adulthood. Cytometry 26: 8-15.
20. Forbes WH, Johnson RE, Consolazio F (1941) Leukopenia in Negro workmen. Am J Med Sci 201: 407-412.
21. Bain B, Seed M, Godsland I (1984) Normal values for peripheral blood white cell counts in women of four different ethnic origins. J Clin Pathol 37: 188-193.
22. Kratz A, Ferraro M, Sluss PM, Lewandrowski KB (2004) Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Laboratory reference values. N Engl J Med 351: 1548-1563.
23. Mohamadnejad M, Pourshams A, Malekzadeh R, Mohamadkhani A, Rajabiani A, et al. (2003) Healthy ranges of serum alanine aminotransferase levels in Iranian blood donors. World J Gastroenterol 9: 2322-2324.
24. Saathoff E, Schneider P, Kleinfeldt V, Geis S, Flaule D, et al. (2008) Laboratory reference values for healthy adults from southern Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health.
25. (2006) HIV prevention policy needs an urgent cure. Lancet 367: 1213.
26. Kamwi R, Kenyon T, Newton G (2006) PEPFAR and HIV prevention in Aftica. Lancet 367: 1978-1979.
27. Weiss R, Hardy LM (1990) HIV infection and health policy. J Consuft Clin Psychol 58: 70-76.
28. Foglia G, Sateren WB, Renzullo PO, Bautista CT, Laugat L, et al. (2008) High prevalence of HIV infection among rural tea plantation residents in Kericho, Kenya. Epidemiol Infect 136: 694-702.
29. Sateren WB, Foglia G, Renzullo PO, Elson L, Wasunna M, et al. (2006) Epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in agricultural plantation residents in Kericho, Kenya: preparation for vaccine feasibility studies. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 43: 102-106.
30. Foglia G, Royster GD, Wasunna KM, Kibaya R, Malia JA, et al. (2004) Use of rapid and conventional testing technologies for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 serologic screening in a rural Kenyan reference laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 42: 3850-3852.
31. Maini MK, Gilson RJ, Chavda N, Gill S, Fakoya A, et al. (1996) Reference ranges and sources of variability of CD4 counts in HIV-seronegative women and men. Genitourin Med 72: 27-31.
32. Nowicki MJ, Karim R, Mack WJ, Minkoff H, Anastos K, et al. (2007) Correlates of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts in high-risk immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative women enrolled in the women's interagency HIV study (WIHS). Hum Immunol 68: 342-349.
33. Akhwale WS, Lum JK, Kaneko A, Eto H, Obonyo C, et al. (2004) Anemia and malaria at different altitudes in the western highlands of Kenya. Acta Trop 91: 167-175.
34. Akhwale WS, Lum JK, Kaneko A, Eto H, Obonyo C, (1989) CDC criteria for anemia in children and childbearing-aged women. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 38: 400-404.
35. Haddy TB, Rana SR, Castro O (1999) Benign ethnic neutropenia: what is a normal absolute neutrophil count? J Lab Clin Med 133: 15-22.
36. Foy H, Kondi A, Timms GL, Brass W, Bushra F (1954) The variability of sickle-cell rates in the tribes of Kenya and the Southern Sudan. Br Med J 1: 294-297.
37. Petti CA, Polage CR, Quinn TC, Ronald AR, Sande MA (2006) Laboratory medicine in Africa: a barrier to effective health care. Clin Infect Dis 42: 377-382.
38. Beutler E, Waalen J (2006) The definition of anemia: what is the lower limit of normal of the blood hemoglobin concentration? Blood 107: 1747-1750.
39. Ezzelle J, Rodriguez-Chavez IR, Darden JM, Stirewalt M, Kunwar N, et al. (2008) Guidelines on good clinical laboratory practice: bridging operations between research and clinical research laboratories. J Pharm Biomed Anal 46: 18-29.