Normal CD4+ T lymphocyte levels in HIV seronegative individuals in the Manya/Yilo Krobo communities in the Eastern Region of Ghana

Viral Immunology

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 260-266

  Ampofo, William ^a   Torpey, Kwasi ^b   Mukadi, Ya Diul ^b,e   Koram, Kwadwo ^a   Nolan, Kisten ^b   Amenyah, Richard ^b   Kaitoo, Ekow ^c   Antwi, Phyllis ^d   Ofori Adjei, David ^a   Lamptey, Peter ^b  

^a University of Ghana   (Ghana)

^b FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL   (United States)

^c Atua Government Hospital   (Ghana)

^d UNIVERSITY OF GHANA   (Ghana)

^e NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD LEVEL; CD4 CD8 RATIO; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; COMMUNITY PROGRAM; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GHANA; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; NORMAL VALUE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; SERODIAGNOSIS; SEX DIFFERENCE; STANDARD; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CD4-CD8 RATIO; CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; FEMALE; GHANA; HIV SERONEGATIVITY; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; REFERENCE VALUES; SEX DISTRIBUTION; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 33745927140     PISSN: 08828245     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/vim.2006.19.260     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Adu-Sarkodie, Y., Sangaré, A., Almeida, O.A., Kanmogne, G.D. 1998. Distribution of CD4+ T-lymphocytes levels in patients with clinical symptoms of AIDS in three West African Countries. J. Clin. Virol. 11:173-181.
2. Aldrich, J., R. Gross, M. Adler et al. 2000. The effect of acute severe illness on CD4+ lymphocyte counts in nonimmunocompromised patients. Arch. Intern. Med. 160:5.
3. Bosu, W., A. Dzokoto. 2001. FHI/START Situational Assessment Report.
4. Brandful, J.A.M., F.A. Apeagyei, W.K. Ampofo, Y. Adu-Sarkodie, J.E. Ansah, V. Nuvor, S. Aidoo, K. Ishikawa, T. Sata, N. Yamamoto and S. Yamazaki. 1999. Relationship between immunoclinical status and prevalence of viral sexually transmitted diseases among human immunodeficiency virus -1 seropositive patients in Ghana. Viral Immunol. 12:131-137.
5. Bussmann, H., C. W. Wester, K.V. Masupu et al. 2004. Low CD4+ T-lymphocyte values in human immunodeficiency virus-negative adults in Botswana. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 11:930-935.
6. Choong, M.L., S.H. Ton, S.K. Cheong. 1995. Influence of race, age and sex on the lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of healthy Malaysian adults. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 32:532-539.
7. Djomand, G., L. Diaby, J.M. N'Gbichi et al. 1994. Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocyte depletion in a West African population. AIDS 8:843-847.
8. Hewitt, R.G., N. Parsa, L. Gugino. 2001. The role of gender in HIV progression. AIDS Read. 11:29-33.
9. Jiang, W., L. Kang, H.Z. Lu, et al. 2004. Normal values for CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte subsets in healthy Chinese adults from Shanghai. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 11:811-813.
10. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). 2004. 2004 report on the global AIDS epidemic: 4th global report. p. 191. Available at: http://www.unaids.org/bangkok2004/GAR2004_pdf/UNAIDSGlobalReport2004_en.pdf.
11. Kaitoo, E., R.N. Amenyah, 2002. Pilot Project for the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in the Manya-Krobo District of Ghana. Progress Report. Ministry of Health-Ghana Report.
12. Kassa, E. et al. 1999. Evaluation of the WHO Staging system for HIV infection and disease in Ethiopia: association between clinical staging and laboratory markers. J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. 13:381-389.
13. Kassu, A., A. Tsegaye, B. Petros, et al. 2001. Distribution of lymphocyte subsets in healthy human immunodeficiency virus-negative adult Ethiopians from two geographic locales. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 8:1171-1176.
14. Menard, D., M.J. Mandeng, M.B. Tothy, et al. 2003. Immunohematological reference ranges for adults from the Central African Republic. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 10:443-445.
15. Ministry of Health/Ghana Health Service (MOH/GHS). 2002. Guidelines for Antiretroviral Therapy in Ghana. N.p.: MOH/GHS.
16. Ministry of Health/Ghana Health Service. National AIDS/STI Control Programme. HIV Sentinel Survey Report 2002.
17. Ministry of Health/Ghana Health Service. National AIDS/STI Control Programme. HIV Sentinel Survey Report 2003.
18. Ministry of Health/Ghana Health Service. National AIDS/STI Control Programme. HIV Sentinel Survey Report 2004.
19. Ministry of Health/Ghana Health Service. National AIDS/STI Control Programme. Guidelines for Antiretroviral Therapy in Ghana. September 2005.
20. NAM. AIDSMap Treatment and Care. 2005. Predicting prognosis with CD4 cell counts. Available at: http://www.aidsmap.com/en/docs/3F7A195B-7824-475A-8F7E- F5A1C1E152E9.asp.
21. Prins, M., L. Meyer, N. Hessol. 2005. Sex and the course of HIV infection in the pre- and highly active antiretroviral therapy eras. AIDS 19:357-370.
22. Prins, M., J.R. Robertson, R.P. Brettle, et al. 1999. Do gender differences in CD4 cell counts matter? AIDS 13:2361-2364.
23. Proposed World Health Organization Staging System for HIV infection and Disease: preliminary testing by an international collaborative cross-sectional study. 1993. J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. 7:711-718.
24. Sauve, N., A. Dzokoto, B. Opare, E.K. Kaitoo, N. Khonde, M. Mondor, V. Bekoe, J. Pepin. 2002. The price of development: HIV infection in a semi urban community of Ghana. J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. 20:402-408.
25. World Health Organization. 2002. Scaling up antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: Executive summary of guidelines for a public health approach. Available at: www.who.int/hiv/topics/arv/en/scaling_exe_summary.pdf.
26. Tsegaye, A., T. Messele, T. Tilahun, et al. 1999. Immunohematological reference ranges for adult Ethiopians. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 6:410-414.
27. Tsoukas, C.M., N.F. Bernard. 1994. Markers predicting progression of human immunodeficiency virus-related disease. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 7:14-28.
28. Tugume, S., E. Piwowar, T. Lutalo, et al. 1995. Hematological reference ranges among healthy Ugandans. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 2:233-235.
29. Uppal, S.S., S. Verma, P.S. Dhot. 2003. Normal values of CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte subsets in healthy Indian adults and the effects of sex, age, ethnicity and smoking. Cytometry 52B:32-36.
30. Worku, S., B. Christensson, A. Bjorkman, et al. 1997. Higher proportions of CD8+ T-cells in the blood in healthy adults from Ethiopia and Bangladesh compared with Sweden. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 91:618-622.