SnSAG5 is an alternative surface antigen of Sarcocystis neurona strains that is mutually exclusive to SnSAG1

Veterinary Parasitology

Volumn 158, Issue 1-2, 2008, Pages 36-43

  Crowdus, Carolyn A ^a   Marsh, Antoinette E ^b   Saville, Willliam J ^b   Lindsay, David S ^c   Dubey, J P ^d   Granstrom, David E ^e   Howe, Daniel K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

^b OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c VIRGINIA MARYLAND REGIONAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE   (United States)

^d AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

^e American Veterinary Medical Association   (United States)

Author keywords

Apicomplexa; Coccidia; Diagnosis; Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis; Sarcocystis; Strain diversity; Vaccine

Indexed keywords

MEMBRANE ANTIGEN; SNSAG1 PROTEIN; SNSAG5 PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; CARNIVORA; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC VARIABILITY; MOLECULAR CLONING; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PARASITE ISOLATION; POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; WESTERN BLOTTING;

ANIMALS; ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN; ANTIGENS, SURFACE; BLOTTING, WESTERN; CATS; DNA, PROTOZOAN; ELECTROPHORESIS, POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL; GENE AMPLIFICATION; HORSES; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; OPOSSUMS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PROTOZOAN PROTEINS; RACCOONS; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; SARCOCYSTIS; SARCOCYSTOSIS;

ANIMALIA; APICOMPLEXA; COCCIDIA; DIDELPHIDAE; ENHYDRA; EQUIDAE; SARCOCYSTIS; SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA;

EID: 53549123827     PISSN: 03044017     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.08.012     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Altschul S.F., Gish W., Miller W., Myers E.W., and Lipman D.J. Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215 (1990) 403-410
2. Asmundsson I.M., Dubey J.P., and Rosenthal B.M. A genetically diverse but distinct North American population of Sarcocystis neurona includes an overrepresented clone described by 12 microsatellite alleles. Infect. Genet. Evol. 6 (2006) 352-360
3. Borst P., and Ulbert S. Control of VSG gene expression sites. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 114 (2001) 17-27
4. Brusca J.S., and Radolf J.D. Isolation of integral membrane proteins by phase partitioning with Triton X-114. Methods Enzymol. 228 (1994) 182-193
5. Burg J.L., Perlman D., Kasper L.H., Ware P.L., and Boothroyd J.C. Molecular analysis of the gene encoding the major surface antigen of Toxoplasma gondii. J. Immunol. 141 (1988) 3584-3591
6. Cesbron-Delauw M.F., Tomavo S., Beauchamps P., Fourmaux M.P., Camus D., Capron A., and Dubremetz J.F. Similarities between the primary structures of two distinct major surface proteins of Toxoplasma gondii. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 16217-16222
7. Duarte P.C., Daft B.M., Conrad P.A., Packham A.E., and Gardner I.A. Comparison of serum indirect fluorescent antibody test with two Western blot tests for the diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 15 (2003) 8-13
8. Duarte P.C., Daft B.M., Conrad P.A., Packham A.E., Saville W.J., MacKay R.J., Barr B.C., Wilson W.D., Ng T., Reed S.M., and Gardner I.A. Evaluation and comparison of an indirect fluorescent antibody test for detection of antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona, using serum and cerebrospinal fluid of naturally and experimentally infected, and vaccinated horses. J. Parasitol. 90 (2004) 379-386
9. Dubey J.P., Lindsay D.S., Saville W.J., Reed S.M., Granstrom D.E., and Speer C.A. A review of Sarcocystis neurona and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Vet. Parasitol. 95 (2001) 89-131
10. Ellison S.P., Omara-Opyene A.L., Yowell C.A., Marsh A.E., and Dame J.B. Molecular characterisation of a major 29 kDa surface antigen of Sarcocystis neurona. Int. J. Parasitol. 32 (2002) 217-225
11. Elsheikha H.M., and Mansfield L.S. Sarcocystis neurona major surface antigen gene 1 (SAG1) shows evidence of having evolved under positive selection pressure. Parasitol. Res. 94 (2004) 452-459
12. Elsheikha H.M., Schott II H.C., and Mansfield L.S. Genetic variation among isolates of Sarcocystis neurona, the agent of protozoal myeloencephalitis, as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Infect. Immun. 74 (2006) 3448-3454
13. Fenger C.K., Granstrom D.E., Langemeier J.L., Stamper S., Donahue J.M., Patterson J.S., Gajadhar A.A., Marteniuk J.V., Xiaomin Z., and Dubey J.P. Identification of opossums (Didelphis virginiana) as the putative definitive host of Sarcocystis neurona. J. Parasitol. 81 (1995) 916-919
14. Frank M., and Deitsch K. Activation, silencing and mutually exclusive expression within the var gene family of Plasmodium falciparum. Int. J. Parasitol. 36 (2006) 975-985
15. Granstrom D.E., Dubey J.P., Davis S.W., Fayer R., Fox J.C., Poonacha K.B., Giles R.C., and Comer P.F. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis: antigen analysis of cultured Sarcocystis neurona merozoites. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 5 (1993) 88-90
16. Hoane J.S., Morrow J.K., Saville W.J., Dubey J.P., Granstrom D.E., and Howe D.K. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of equine antibodies specific to Sarcocystis neurona surface antigens. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 12 (2005) 1050-1056
17. Howe D.K. Initiation of a Sarcocystis neurona expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing project: a preliminary report. Vet. Parasitol. 95 (2001) 233-239
18. Howe D.K., Crawford A.C., Lindsay D., and Sibley L.D. The p29 and p35 immunodominant antigens of Neospora caninum tachyzoites are homologous to the family of surface antigens of Toxoplasma gondii. Infect. Immun. 66 (1998) 5322-5328
19. Howe D.K., Gaji R.Y., Marsh A.E., Patil B.A., Saville W.J., Lindsay D.S., Dubey J.P., and Granstrom D.E. Strains of Sarcocystis neurona exhibit differences in their surface antigens, including the absence of the major surface antigen SnSAG1. Int. J. Parasitol. 38 (2008) 623-631
20. Howe D.K., Gaji R.Y., Mroz-Barrett M., Gubbels M.J., Striepen B., and Stamper S. Sarcocystis neurona merozoites express a family of immunogenic surface antigens that are orthologues of the Toxoplasma gondii surface antigens (SAGs) and SAG-related sequences. Infect. Immun. 73 (2005) 1023-1033
21. Hyun C., Gupta G.D., and Marsh A.E. Sequence comparison of Sarcocystis neurona surface antigen from multiple isolates. Vet. Parasitol. 112 (2003) 11-20
22. Kyes S.A., Kraemer S.M., and Smith J.D. Antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum: gene organization and regulation of the var multigene family. Eukaryot. Cell 6 (2007) 1511-1520
23. Laemmli U.K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature (Lond.) 227 (1970) 680-685
24. Lekutis C., Ferguson D.J., Grigg M.E., Camps M., and Boothroyd J.C. Surface antigens of Toxoplasma gondii: variations on a theme. Int. J. Parasitol. 31 (2001) 1285-1292
25. Li L., Brunk B.P., Kissinger J.C., Pape D., Tang K., Cole R.H., Martin J., Wylie T., Dante M., Fogarty S.J., Howe D.K., Liberator P., Diaz C., Anderson J., White M., Jerome M.E., Johnson E.A., Radke J.A., Stoeckert Jr. C.J., Waterston R.H., Clifton S.W., Roos D.S., and Sibley L.D. Gene discovery in the apicomplexa as revealed by EST sequencing and assembly of a comparative gene database. Genome Res. 13 (2003) 443-454
26. Liang F.T., Granstrom D.E., Zhao X.M., and Timoney J.F. Evidence that surface proteins Sn14 and Sn16 of Sarcocystis neurona merozoites are involved in infection and immunity. Infect. Immun. 66 (1998) 1834-1838
27. Lindsay D.S., and Dubey J.P. Direct agglutination test for the detection of antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona in experimentally infected animals. Vet. Parasitol. 95 (2001) 179-186
28. Lindsay D.S., Thomas N.J., Rosypal A.C., and Dubey J.P. Dual Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii infection in a Northern sea otter from Washington state, USA. Vet. Parasitol. 97 (2001) 319-327
29. MacKay R.J., Granstrom D.E., Saville W.J., and Reed S.M. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract. 16 (2000) 405-425
30. Marsh A.E., Johnson P.J., Ramos-Vara J., and Johnson G.C. Characterization of a Sarcocystis neurona isolate from a Missouri horse with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. Vet. Parasitol. 95 (2001) 143-154
31. Miller M.A., Crosbie P.R., Sverlow K., Hanni K., Barr B.C., Kock N., Murray M.J., Lowenstine L.J., and Conrad P.A. Isolation and characterization of Sarcocystis from brain tissue of a free-living southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) with fatal meningoencephalitis. Parasitol. Res. 87 (2001) 252-257
32. Quackenbush J., Cho J., Lee D., Liang F., Holt I., Karamycheva S., Parvizi B., Pertea G., Sultana R., and White J. The TIGR gene indices: analysis of gene transcript sequences in highly sampled eukaryotic species. Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (2001) 159-164
33. Rossano M.G., Mansfield L.S., Kaneene J.B., Murphy A.J., Brown C.M., Schott II H.C., and Fox J.C. Improvement of western blot test specificity for detecting equine serum antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 12 (2000) 28-32
34. Sofaly C.D., Reed S.M., Gordon J.C., Dubey J.P., Ogleebee M.J., Njoku C.J., Grover D.L., and Saville W.J. Experimental induction of equine protozoan myeloencephalitis (EPM) in the horse: effect of Sarcocystis neurona sporocyst inoculation dose on the development of clinical neurologic disease. J. Parasitol. 88 (2002) 1164-1170
35. Taylor J.E., and Rudenko G. Switching trypanosome coats: what's in the wardrobe?. Trends Genet. 22 (2006) 614-620
36. Thomas N.J., Dubey J.P., Lindsay D.S., Cole R.A., and Meteyer C.U. Protozoal meningoencephalitis in sea otters (Enhydra lutris): a histopathological and immunohistochemical study of naturally occurring cases. J. Comp. Pathol. 137 (2007) 102-121