Laser offset-frequency locking up to 20 GHz using a low-frequency electrical filter technique

Applied Optics

Volumn 47, Issue 24, 2008, Pages 4336-4344

  Schilt, Stephane ^a,b   Matthey, Renaud ^c,d   Kauffmann Werner, Daniela ^a,f   Affolderbach, Christoph ^e   Mileti, Gaetano ^e   Thévenaz, Luc ^a  

^a EPFL   (Switzerland)

^b IR Microsystems   (Switzerland)

^c Observatoire Cantonal   (Switzerland)

^d CSEM   (Switzerland)

^e UNIVERSITY OF NEUCHÂTEL   (Switzerland)

^f UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BANDPASS FILTERS; ELECTRIC FILTERS; LOCKS (FASTENERS); MICROWAVE FILTERS; MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS;

CONTROL ELECTRONICS; ELECTRICAL FILTERS; FREQUENCY DIFFERENCES; LASER STABILIZATION; MOLECULAR ABSORPTION LINES; OFFSET FREQUENCY LOCKING; SINGLE MODE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS; WAVELENGTH MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY;

SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS;

EID: 53549119954     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 15394522     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.47.004336     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. 2 line," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19, 169-175 (1983).
2. F. Bertinetto, P. Gambini, M. Puleo, and E. Vezzoni, "Performance and limitations of laser diodes stabilized to the sides of molecular absorption lines of ammonia," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 2128-2132 (1993).
3. C.M. Fitzgerald, G. J. Koch, A. M. Bullock, and A. N. Dharamsi, "Wavelength modulation spectroscopy of water vapor and line center stabilization at 1.462 μm for lidar applications," Proc. SPIE 3945, 98-105 (2000).
4. G. J. Koch, "Automatic laser frequency locking to gas absorption lines," Opt. Eng. 42, 1690-1693 (2003).
5. G. Poberaj, A. Fix, A. Assion, M. Wirth, C. Kiemle, and G. Ehret, "Airborne all-solid-state DIAL for water vapour measurements in the tropopause region: system description and assessment of accuracy," Appl. Phys. B 75, 165-172 (2002).
6. H.-M. Fang, S.-C. Wang, and J.-T. Shy, "Frequency stabilization of an external cavity diode laser to molecular iodine at 657.483 nm," Appl. Opt. 45, 3173-3176 (2006).
7. J. M. Supplee, E. A. Whittaker, and W. Lenth, "Theoretical description of frequency modulation and wavelength modulation spectroscopy," Appl. Opt. 33, 6294-6302 (1994).
8. S. Schilt, L. Thévenaz, and P. Robert, "Wavelength modulation spectroscopy: combined frequency and intensity laser modulation," Appl. Opt. 42, 6728-6738 (2003).
9. R. Matthey, S. Schilt, D. Werner, C. Affolderbach, L. Thévenaz, and G. Mileti, "Diode laser frequency stabilisation for watervapour differential absorption sensing," Appl. Phys. B. 85, 477-485 (2006).
10. G. Santarelli, A. Clairo, S. N. Lea, and G. M. Tino, "Heterodyne optical phase-locking of extended-cavity semiconductor lasers at 9 GHz," Opt. Commun. 104, 339-344 (1994).
11. U. Gliese, T. N. Nielsen, M. Bruun, E. L. Christensen, K. E. Stubkjaer, S. Lindgren, and B. Broberg, "A wideband heterodyne optical phase-lock loop for generation of 3-18 GHz microwave carriers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 4, 936-938 (1992).
12. G. Ritt, G. Cennini, C. Geckeler, and M. Weitz, "Laser frequency offset locking using a side of filter technique," Appl. Phys. B. 79, 363-365 (2004).
13. P. Kluczynski, J. Gustafsson, A. M. Lindberg, and O. Axner, "Wavelength modulation absorption spectrometry - an extensive scrutiny of the generation of signals," Spectrochim. Acta B 56, 1277-1354 (2001).
14. C. Affolderbach and G. Mileti, "A compact laser head with high-frequency stability for Rb atomic clocks and optical instrumentation," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 073108 (2005).
15. S. Schilt and L. Thévenaz, "Experimental method based on wavelength-modulation spectroscopy for the characterization of semiconductor lasers under direct modulation," Appl. Opt. 43, 4446-4453 (2004).
16. D.S. Bomse, A.C. Stanton, and J.A. Silver, "Frequency modulation and wavelength modulation spectroscopies: comparison of experimental methods using a lead-salt diode laser," Appl. Opt. 31, 718-731 (1992).