Bacterial endosymbionts of free-living amoebae

Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology

Volumn 51, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 509-514

  Horn, Matthias ^a   Wagner, Michael ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

Acanthamoeba; Chlamydia; Chlamydiales; Endosymbiont; Fluorescence in situ hybridization; Neochlamydia; Parachlamydia; Pathogen; Rickettsia; Symbiont

Indexed keywords

ENDOSYMBIONT;

ACANTHAMOEBA; ACANTHAMOEBA SP.; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BACTEROIDETES; CHLAMYDIA; CHLAMYDIACEAE; CHLAMYDIAE; CHLAMYDIALES; EUKARYOTA; HARTMANNELLA; NEOCHLAMYDIA; PARACHLAMYDIA; PROTEOBACTERIA; PROTISTA; RICKETTSIA; SARCODINA;

EID: 5344236782     PISSN: 10665234     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00278.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (56)

1. Abd, H., Johansson, T., Golovliov, I., Sandstrom, G. & Forsman, M. 2003. Survival and growth of Francisella tularensis in Acanthamoeba castellanii. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69:600-606.
2. Abu Kwaik, Y., Gao, L. Y., Stone, B. J., Venkataraman, C. & Harb, O. S. 1998. Invasion of protozoa by Legionella pneumophila and its role in bacterial ecology and pathogenesis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64:3127-3133.
3. Adeleke, A., Pruckler, J., Benson, R., Rowbotham, T., Halablab, M. & Fields, B. 1996. Legionella-like amoebal pathogens - phylogenetic status and possible role in respiratory disease. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 2:225-230.
4. Amann, R., Springer, N., Schonhuber, W., Ludwig, W., Schmid, E. N., Müller, K. D. & Michel, R. 1997. Obligate intracellular bacterial parasites of acanthamoebae related to Chlamydia spp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63:115-121.
5. Atlas, R. M. 1999. Legionella: from environmental habitats to disease pathology, detection and control. Environ. Microbiol., 1:283-293.
6. Barker, J. & Brown, M. R. W. 1994. Trojan horses of the microbial world: protozoa and the survival of bacterial pathogens in the environment. Microbiology, 140:1253-1259.
7. Barker, J., Humphrey, T. J. & Brown, M. W. R. 1999. Survival of Escherichia coli O157 in a soil protozoan: implications for disease. FEMS Microbiol. Letters., 173:291-295.
8. Beier, C. L., Horn, M., Michel, R., Schweikert, M., Gortz, H. D. & Wagner, M. 2002. The genus Caedibacter comprises endosymbionts of Paramecium spp. related to the Rickettsiales (Alphaproteobacteria) and to Francisella tularensis (Gammaproteobacteria). Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68:6043-6050.
9. Birtles, R. J., Rowbotham, T. J., Michel, R., Pitcher, D. G., Lascola, B., Alexiou-Daniel, S. & Raoult, D. 2000. 'Candidatus Odyssella thessalonicensis' gen. nov., sp. nov., an obligate intracellular parasite of Acanthamoeba species. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 50:63-72.
10. Collingro, A., Walochnik, J., Baranyi, C., Michel, R., Wagner, M., Horn, M. & Aspöck, H. 2004. Chlamydial endocytobionts of free-living amoebae differentially affect the growth rate of their hosts. Eur. J. Protistol., 40:57-60.
11. Corsaro, D., Valassina, M. & Venditti, D. 2003. Increasing diversity within chlamydiae. Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 29:37-78.
12. Essig, A., Heinemann, M., Simnacher, U. & Marre, R. 1997. Infection of Acanthamoeba castellanii by Chlamydia pneumoniae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63:1396-1399.
13. Everett, K. D., Bush, R. M. & Andersen, A. A. 1999. Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 49:415-440.
14. Fields, B. S. 1996. The molecular ecology of Legionella. Trends Microbiol., 4:286-290.
15. Fritsche, T. R., Gautom, R. K., Seyedirashti, S., Bergeron, D. L. & Lindquist, T. D. 1993. Occurrence of bacteria endosymbionts in Acanthamoeba spp. isolated from corneal and environmental specimens and contact lenses. J. Clin. Microbiol., 31:1122-1126.
16. Fritsche, T. R., Horn, M., Seyedirashti, S., Gautom, R. K., Schleifer, K. H. & Wagner, M. 1999. In situ detection of novel bacterial endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba spp. phylogenetically related to members of the order Rickettsiales. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65:206-212.
17. Fritsche, T. R., Horn, M., Wagner, M., Herwig, R. P., Schleifer, K. H. & Gautom, R. K. 2000. Phylogenetic diversity among geographically dispersed Chlamydiales endosymbionts recovered from clinical and environmental isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66:2613-2619.
18. Gautom, R. & Fritsche, T. R. 1995. Transmissibility of bacterial endosymbionts between isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 42:452-456.
19. Greub, G. & Raoult, D. 2002a. Crescent bodies of Parachlamydia acanthamoeba and its life cycle within Acanthamoeba polyphaga: an electron micrograph study. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68:3076-3084.
20. Greub, G. & Raoult, D. 2002b. Parachlamydiaceae: potential emerging pathogens. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 8:625-630.
21. Greub, G., La Scola, B. & Raoult, D. 2003a. Parachlamydia acanthamoeba is endosymbiotic or lytic for Acanthamoeba polyphaga depending on the incubation temperature. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 990:628-634.
22. Greub, G., Mege, J.-L. & Raoult, D. 2003b. Parachlamydia acanthamoeba enters and multiplies within human macrophages and induces their apoptosis. Infect. Immun., 71:5979-5985.
23. Horn, M., Fritsche, T. R., Gautom, R. K., Schleifer, K. H. & Wagner, M. 1999. Novel bacterial endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba spp. related to the Paramecium caudatum symbiont Caedibacter caryophilus. Environ. Microbiol., 1:357-367.
24. Horn, M., Fritsche, T. R., Linner, T., Gautom, R. K., Harzenetter, M. D. & Wagner, M. 2002. Obligate bacterial endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba spp. related to the beta-Proteobacteria: proposal of 'Candidatus Procabacter acanthamoebae' gen. nov., sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 52:599-605.
25. Horn, M., Harzenetter, M. D., Linner, T., Schmid, E. N., Müller, K. D., Michel, R. & Wagner, M. 2001. Members of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium- Bacteroides phylum as intracellular bacteria of acanthamoebae:proposal of 'Candidatus Amoebophilus asiaticus'. Environ. Microbiol., 3:440-449.
26. Horn, M., Wagner, M., Müller, K. D., Schmid, E. N., Fritsche, T. R., Schleifer, K. H. & Michel, R. 2000. Neochlamydia hartmannellae gen. nov., sp. nov. (Parachlamydiaceae), an endoparasite of the amoeba Hartmannella vermiformis. Microbiology, 146:1231-1239.
27. Horn, M., Collingro, A., Schmitz-Esser, S., Beier, C. L., Purkhold, U., Fartmann, B., Brandt, P., Nyakatura, G. J., Droege, M., Frishman, D., Rattei, T., Mewes, H.-W. & Wagner, M. 2004. Illuminating the evolutionary history of chlamydiae. Science, 304:728-730.
28. Hueck, C. J. 1998. Type III protein secretion systems in bacterial pathogens of animals and plants. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 62:379-433.
29. Inglis, T. J., Rigby, P., Robertson, T. A., Dutton, N. S., Henderson, M. & Chang, B. J. 2000. Interaction between Burkholderia pseudomallei and Acanthamoeba species results in coiling phagocytosis, endamebic bacterial survival, and escape. Infect. Immun., 68:1681-1686.
30. Kahane, S., Dvoskin, B., Mathias, M. & Friedman, M. G. 2001. Infection of Acanthamoeba polyphaga with Simkania negevensis and S. negevensis survival within amoebal cysts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67:4789-4795.
31. La Scola, B. & Raoult, D. 1999. Afipia felis in hospital water supply in association with free-living amoebae. Lancet, 353:1330.
32. La Scola, B. & Raoult, D. 2001. Survival of Coxiella burnetii within free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 7:75-79.
33. Ly, T. M. & Muller, H. E. 1990. Ingested Listeria monocytogenes survive and multiply in protozoa. J. Med. Microbiol., 33:51-54.
34. Mahoney, J. B., Coombes, B. K. & Chernesky, M. A. 2003. Chlamydia and Chlamydophila. In: Murray, P. R. (ed.), Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Washington, D. C., ASM Press. p. 991-1004.
35. Marolda, C. L., Hauröder, B., John, M. A., Michel, R. & Volvano, M. A. 1999. Intracellular survival and saprophytic growth of isolates from the Burkholderia cepacia complex in free-living amoebae. Microbiology, 145:1509-1517.
36. Michel, R. & Hauröder, B. 1997. Isolation of an Acanthamoeba strain with intracellular Burkholderia pickettii infection. Zbl. Bakt., 285:541-557.
37. Michel, R., Burghardt, H. & Bermann, H. 1995. Acanthamoeba, naturally intracellularly-infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, after their isolation from a microbiologically contaminated drinking water system in a hospital. Zentralbl. Hyg. Umweltmed., 196:532-544.
38. Michel, R., Steinert, M., Zöller, L., Hauröder, B. & Henning, K. 2004. Free-living amoebae may serve as hosts for the chlamydia-like bacterium Waddlia chondrophila isolated from an aborted bovine foetus. Acta Protozool., 43:37-42.
39. Ohnishi, H., Mizunoe, Y., Takade, A., Tanaka, Y., Miyamoto, H., Harada, M. & Yoshida, S. 2004. Legionella dumoffii Dj1A, a member of the DnaJ family, is required for intracellular growth. Infect. Immun., 72:3592-3603.
40. Proca-Ciobanu, M., Lupascu, G. H., Pertrovici, A. L. & Ionescu, M. D. 1975. Electron microscopic study of a pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellani strain: the presence of bacterial endosymbionts. Int. J. Parasitol., 5:49-56.
41. Rodriguez-Zaragoza, S. 1994. Ecology of free-living amoebae. Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 20:225-241.
42. Rowbotham, T. J. 1986. Current view on the relationship between amoebae, legionellae, and man. Israel J. Med. Sci., 22:678-689.
43. Schmitz-Esser, S., Linka, N., Collingro, A., Beier, C. L., Neuhaus, H. E., Wagner, M. & Horn, M. 2004. ATP/ADP Translocases:a common feature of obligate intracellular amoebal symbionts related to chlamydiae and rickettsiae. J. Bacteriol., 186:683-691.
44. Steenbergen, J. N., Shuman, H. A. & Casadevall, A. 2001. Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic strategy in macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98:15245-15250.
45. Steenbergen, J. N., Nosanchuk, J. D., Malliaris, S. D. & Casadevall, A. 2004. Interaction of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Sporothrix schenckii, and Histoplasma capsulatum with Acanthamoeba castellanii. Infect. Immun., 72:3478-3488.
46. Steinert, M., Birkness, K., White, E., Fields, B. & Quinn, F. 1998. Mycobacterium avium bacilli grow saprophytically in coculture with Acanthmaoeba polyphaga and survive within cyst walls. App. Environ. Microbiol., 64:2256-2261.
47. Stephens, R. S. 1999. Chlamydia. Washington D. C., ASM Press.
48. Swanson, M. S. & Hammer, B. K. 2000. Legionella pneumophila pathogenesis: a fateful journey from amoebae to macrophages. Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 54:567-613.
49. Taylor, S. J., Ahonen, L. J., de Leij, F. A. & Dale, J. W. 2003. Infection of Acanthamoeba castellanii with Mycobacterium bovis and M. bovis BCG and survival of M. bovis within the amoebae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69:4316-4319.
50. Tezcan-Merdol, D., Ljungstrom, M., Winiecka-Krusnell, J., Linder, E., Engstrand, L. & Rhen, M. 2004. Uptake and replication of Salmonella enterica in Acanthamoeba rhysodes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70:3706-3714.
51. Thom, S., Warhurst, D. & Drasar, B. S. 1992. Association of Vibrio cholerae with fresh water amoebae. J. Med. Microbiol., 36:303-306.
52. Tomov, A. T., Tsvrtkova, E. D., Tomova, I. A., Michailova, L. I. & Kassovski, V. K. 1999. Persistence and multiplication of obligate anaerobe bacteria in amoebae under aerobic conditions. Anaerobe, 5:19-23.
53. Winiecka-Krusnell, J., Wreiber, K., von Euler, A., Engstrand, L. & Linder, E. 2002. Free-living amoebae promote growth and survival of Helicobacter pylori. Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 34:253-256.
54. Winkler, H. H. & Neuhaus, H. E. 1999. Non-mitochondrial ATP transport. Trends Biochem. Sci., 24:64-68.
55. Woese, C. 1987. Bacterial evolution. Microbiol. Rev., 51:221-271.
56. Zchori-Fein, E., Perlman, S. J., Kelly, S. E., Katzir, N. & Hunter, M. S. 2004. Characterization of a 'Bacteroidetes' symbiont in Encarsia wasps (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): proposal of 'Candidatus Cardinium hertigii'. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 54:961-968.