Factors determining vulnerability to diarrhoea during and after severe floods in Bangladesh

Journal of Water and Health

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 323-332

  Hashizume, Masahiro ^a   Wagatsuma, Yukiko ^b   Faruque, Abu S G ^c   Hayashi, Taiichi ^d   Hunter, Paul R ^e   Armstrong, Ben ^f   Sack, David A ^c  

^a NAGASAKI UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA   (Japan)

^c INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR DIARRHOEAL DISEASE RESEARCH   (Bangladesh)

^d KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^e UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

^f LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bangladesh; Cholera; Diarrhoea; Episode analysis; Floods; Vulnerable population

Indexed keywords

TAP WATER; WELL WATER;

CHOLERA; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; DISEASE INCIDENCE; DISEASE TREATMENT; DRINKING WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FLASH FLOOD; HYGIENE; POISSON RATIO; SANITATION; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; BANGLADESH; CHOLERA; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; EDUCATION; FEMALE; FLOODING; FLUID INTAKE; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFECTION RISK; INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PERSONAL HYGIENE; POISSON DISTRIBUTION; RISK FACTOR; SANITATION; SEASONAL VARIATION; SEX; SOCIAL STATUS; VULNERABLE POPULATION; WATER SUPPLY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BANGLADESH; CHOLERA; DIARRHEA; FEMALE; FLOODS; HUMANS; MALE; RISK ASSESSMENT; VULNERABLE POPULATIONS; WATER MICROBIOLOGY; YOUNG ADULT;

ASIA; BANGLADESH; DHAKA [BANGLADESH]; EURASIA; SOUTH ASIA;

EID: 53349109369     PISSN: 14778920     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2166/wh.2008.062     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Ahern, M., Kovats, R. S., Wilkinson, P., Few, R. & Matthies, F. 2005 Global health impacts of floods: epidemiologic evidence. Epidemiol. Rev. 27, 36-46.
2. Ahmed, M. U., Urasawa, S., Taniguchi, K., Urasawa, T., Kobayashi, N., Wakasugi, F., Islam, A. I. & Sahikh, H. A. 1991 Analysis of human rotavirus strains prevailing in Bangladesh in relation to nationwide floods brought by the 1988 monsoon. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29(10), 2273-2279.
3. Ahmed, S. M., Husain, A. M., Sattar, M. & Chowdhury, A. 1999 A quick assessment of flood losses and post-flood rehabilitation needs in BRAC's programme areas. In Experiences of deluge: flood 1998. Research Monograph Series Volume 15. (ed. in S. M. Ahmed & H. S. Ahmed), pp. 1-29. BRAC, Dhaka.
4. Biswas, R., Pal, D. & Mukhopadhyay, S. P. 1999 A community based study on health impact of flood in a vulnerable district of West Bengal. Indian J. Public Health 43(2), 89-90.
5. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disaster 2007 EM-DAT: the OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database (http://www.em-dat.net/) Accessed 5 July 2007.
6. Checkley, W., Epstein, L. D., Gilman, R. H., Figueroa, D., Cama, R. I., Patz, J. A. & Black, R. E. 2000 Effect of El Nino and ambient temperature on hospital admissions for diarrhoeal diseases in Peruvian children. Lancet 355(9202), 442-450.
7. Chowdhury, A. M., Karim, F., Sarkar, S. K., Cash, R. A. & Bhuiya, A. 1997 The status of ORT (oral rehydration therapy) in Bangladesh: how widely is it used? Health Policy Plan 12(1), 58-66.
8. del Ninno, C. & Lundberg, M. 2005 Treading water. The long-term impact of the 1998 flood on nutrition in Bangladesh. Econ. Hum. Biol. 3(1), 67-96.
9. DerSimonian, R. & Laird, N. 1986 Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin. Trials 7(3), 177-188.
10. Easterling, D. R., Meehl, G. A., Parmesan, C., Changnon, S. A., Karl, T. R. & Mearns, L. O. 2000 Climate extremes: observations, modeling, and impacts. Science 289(5487), 2068-2074.
11. Fun, B. N., Unicomb, L., Rahim, Z., Banu, N. N., Podder, G., Clemens, J., Van Loon, F. P., Rao, M. R., Malek, A. & Tzipori, S. 1991 Rotavirus-associated diarrhea in rural Bangladesh: two-year study of incidence and serotype distribution. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29(7), 1359-1363.
12. Hajat, S., Ebi, K. L., Kovats, S., Menne, B., Edwards, S. & Haines, A. 2003 The human health consequences of flooding in Europe and the implications for public health: a review of the evidence. Appl. Environ. Sci. Public Health 1(1), 13-21.
13. Hunter, P. R. 2003 Climate change and waterborne and vectorborne disease. J. Appl. Microbiol. 94(Suppl), 37S-46S.
14. Huq, S. & Alam, M. 2003 Flood management and vulnerability of Dhaka city. In Building safer cities: The future of disaster risk (ed. in A. Kreimer, M. Arnold & A. Carlin), pp. 137-155. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
15. ICDDR, B. 2007 Health and Demographic Surveillance System - Matlab: Volume 38. 2005 Socio-economic Census. Dhaka, ICDDR, B.
16. Islam, M. S., Bhuiya, A. & Yunus, M. 1984 Socioeconomic differentials of diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in selected villages of Bangladesh. J. Diarrhoeal Dis. Res. 2(4), 232-237.
17. Islam, S. M., Brooks, A., Kabir, M. S., Jahid, I. K., Shafiqul Islam, M., Goswami, D., Nair, G. B., Larson, C., Yukiko, W. & Luby, S. 2007 Faecal contamination of drinking water sources of Dhaka city during the 2004 flood in Bangladesh and use of disinfectants for water treatment. J. Appl. Microbiol. 103(1), 80-87.
18. Karim, F., Sultan, S. & Chowdhury, A. 1999 A visit to a flood shelter in Dhaka city. In Experiences of deluge: flood 1998 (ed. in S. M. Ahmed & H. S. Ahmed), pp. 40-45. BRAC, Dhaka.
19. Katsumata, T., Hosea, D., Wasito, E. B., Kohno, S., Hara, K., Soeparto, P. & Ranuh, I. G. 1998 Cryptosporidiosis in Indonesia: a hospital-based study and a community-based survey. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 59(4), 628-632.
20. Kondo, H., Seo, N., Yasuda, T., Hashizume, M., Koido, Y., Ninomiya, N. & Yamamoto, Y. 2002 Post-flood-infectious diseases in Mozambique. Prehospital Disaster Med. 17(3), 126-133.
21. Kosek, M., Bern, C. & Guerrant, R. L. 2003 The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000. Bull. World Health Organ. 81(3), 197-204.
22. Kunii, O., Nakamura, S., Abdur, R. & Wakai, S. 2002 The impact on health and risk factors of the diarrhoea epidemics in the 1998 Bangladesh floods. Public Health 116(2), 68-74.
23. Lipp, E. K., Huq, A. & Colwell, R. R. 2002 Effects of global climate on infectious disease: the cholera model. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 15(4), 757-770.
24. Malilay, J. 1997 Floods. In The public health consequences of disasters (ed. in E. Noji), pp. 287-304. Oxford University Press, New York.
25. McCluskey, J. 2001 Water supply, health and vulnerability in floods. Waterlines 19(3), 14-17.
26. Milly, P. C., Wetherald, R. T., Dunne, K. A. & Delworth, T. L. 2002 Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate. Nature 415(6871), 514-517.
27. Mondal, N. C., Biswas, R. & Manna, A. 2001 Risk factors of diarrhoea among flood victims: a controlled epidemiological study. Indian J. Public Health 45(4), 122-127.
28. Nishat, A., Reazuddin, M., Amin, R. & Khan, A. R. 2000 The 1998 flood: impact on the environment of Dhaka city. Department of Environment and IUCN Bangladesh, Dhaka.
29. Parker, D. J. & Thompson, P. M. 2000 Floods in Africa: vulnerability, impacts and mitigation. Routledge, London.
30. Quarantelli, E. L. 2003 Urban vulnerability to disasters in developing countries: Managing risks. In Disaster Risk Management Series No3 (ed. in A. Kreimer, M. Arnold & A. Carlin), pp. 211-232. The World Bank Group, Washington DC, USA.
31. Rashid, S. F. 2000 The urban poor in Dhaka City: their struggles and coping strategies during the floods of 1998. Disasters 24(3), 240-253.
32. Reacher, M., McKenzie, K., Lane, C., Nichols, T., Kedge, I., Iversen, A., Hepple, P., Walter, T., Laxton, C. & Simpson, J. 2004 Health impacts of flooding in Lewes: a comparison of reported gastrointestinal and other illness and mental health in flooded and non-flooded households. Commun. Dis. Public Health 7(1), 39-46.
33. Schwartz, B. S., Harris, J. B., Khan, A. I., Larocque, R. C., Sack, D. A., Malek, M. A., Faruque, A. S., Qadri, F., Calderwood, S. B., Luby, S. P. & Ryan, E. T. 2006 Diarrheal epidemics in Dhaka, Bangladesh, during three consecutive floods: 1988, 1998, and 2004. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 74(6), 1067-1073.
34. Shahaduzzaman 1999 Health during disaster: sharing experiences with 1998 flood victims. In Experiences of deluge: flood 1998. Research Monograph Series Vol. 15. (ed. in S. M. Ahmed & H. S. Ahmed), pp. 46-56. BRAC, Dhaka.
35. Siddique, A. K., Baqui, A. H., Eusof, A. & Zaman, K. 1991 1988 floods in Bangladesh: pattern of illness and causes of death. J. Diarrhoeal Dis. Res. 9(4), 310-314.
36. Sur, D., Dutta, P., Nair, G. B. & Bhattacharya, S. K. 2000 Severe cholera outbreak following floods in a northern district of West Bengal. Indian J. Med. Res. 112, 178-182.
37. Thapar, N. & Sanderson, I. R. 2004 Diarrhoea in children: an interface between developing and developed countries. Lancet 363(9409), 641-653.
38. Wade, T. J., Sandhu, S. K., Levy, D., Lec, S., LeChevallier, M. W., Katz, L. & Colford, J. M., Jr. 2004 Did a severe flood in the Midwest cause an increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms? Am. J. Epidemiol. 159(4), 398-405.
39. Wagatsuma, Y., Haq, M., Faruque, A. & Malek, M. 2001 Defining the Spacial Risk for Severe Diarrhoeal Cases in Dhaka City using Geographical Information System. 9th Asian Conference on Diarrhoeal Disease and Nutrition, New Delhi, India.
40. Woodruff, B. A, Toole, M. J., Rodrigue, D. C., Brink, E. W., MAahgoub, E. L. S., Ahmed, M. M. & Babaaikar, A. 1990 Disease Surveillance and control after flood: Khartoum, Sudan, 1988. Disasters 14(2), 151-163.